OBJECTIVES: This study assessed trends in tobacco use in students of the Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in the Czech Republic between academic years 2012/13 and 2019/2020. METHODS: Two cross-sectional surveys designed to obtain information on smoking history, smoking status, tobacco products use, and cessation were conducted among 382 students of the 6-year Master's Study Programme (General Medicine) and the 3-year Bachelor's Study Programme (Public Health) in 2012/2013; and among 580 students of General Medicine and of the Bachelor's Study Programmes (Public Health, Dental Hygiene and Nursing) in 2019/2020. RESULTS: Regular/daily smoking was reported by 4.4 ± 2.4% (with 95% CI) of General Medicine students and 4.8 ± 4.1% of Public Health students in 2012/2013, and 1.3 ± 1.1% of General Medicine students and 14.4 ± 4.8% of students of bachelor studies in 2019/2020. The share of regular and occasional smokers was higher among junior students in both academic years (23.9 ± 5.1% and 20.1 ± 4.7%, respectively) compared to senior students (23.6 ± 9.8% and 9.6 ± 5.7%). Cigarettes were the most common products used in both academic years (67.0 ± 4.7% and 45.5 ± 4.0%). There was a significant increase in proportion of students using more tobacco products in the course of the time (from 12.1 ± 3.1% to 53.7 ± 4.1%). The proportion of students who quitted smoking has risen from 11.4 ± 3.2% to 16.1 ± 3.0%. On the contrary, the proportion of students who started smoking has dropped from 15.9 ± 3.7% to 2.9 ± 1.4%. The proportion of non-smokers has risen from 57.6 ± 5.0% to 65.3 ± 3.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed some positive trends concerning tobacco use in students (decline in regular smokers among students of General Medicine, senior students, cigarette smokers, water pipe smokers; rise in non-smokers), but also negative ones (rise in regular smokers among students of Public Health, students who used more tobacco products).
- MeSH
- akademický sbor MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- studenti * MeSH
- tabák MeSH
- tabákové výrobky * MeSH
- univerzity MeSH
- užívání tabáku MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of children who were exclusively or predominantly breastfed for at least 6 months compared to Czech references that were constructed based on a representative sample of children, regardless of their mode of feeding. Between 2008 and 2011, a longitudinal study on the growth of breastfed infants was carried out in the Czech Republic. Forty-three GP pediatricians addressed parents at 18-month preventive examinations and collected data on the families' socio-economic conditions and the infants' feeding conditions. The children were measured (length, weight, and head circumference), and anthropometric measurements from 10 previous preventive examinations were obtained from the health records. Out of the collected 1775 questionnaires, 960 children were selected according to the criteria of the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study. For the purpose of this study, 799 children who were exclusively or predominantly breastfed for at least 6 months were selected. We found that the proportions of children who were classified as overweight (>90th percentile) or obese (>97th percentile) at 6, 12, and 18-month examinations were far below the proportions of the Czech references. An update of the Czech references and growth charts is highly recommended by GP pediatricians for the valid assessment of growth and nutritional status, including a screening of overweight and obesity in primary preventive health care.
- MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kojení * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- ochranné faktory MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- růstové grafy MeSH
- vývoj dítěte MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cíl: Cílem tohoto příspěvku je prezentovat vývoj prevalence kuřáctví u zdravotníků – zaměstnanců Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady (FNKV) a 3. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy (3. LF UK) a poskytování krátkých intervencí ve vztahu ke kouření pacientů v rámci procesu začleňování FNKV do sítě Evropských nekuřáckých nemocnic.Metodika: Byly porovnány výsledky dotazníkového šetření provedeného při preventivních prohlídkách zaměstnanců FNKV a 3. LF UK na Klinice pracovního a cestovního lékařství FNKV ve dvou etapách (I. květen 2014 až květen 2015, II. leden až prosinec 2016). Upravený anonymní dotazník navržený Společností pro léčbu závislosti na tabáku byl nabídnut 875 zaměstnancům s návratností 72 % v první etapě a 1 394 zaměstnancům s návratností 42 % ve druhé etapě. Dotazník zjišťoval kuřácký status, pokusy o zanechání kouření a poskytování krátkých intervencí pacientům ve vztahu ke kouření. Výsledky: Za pravidelné kuřáky (nejméně 1 cigareta denně) se v I. etapě označilo 8,5 % lékařů a 33,7 % sester, ve II. etapě 14,0 % lékařů a 28,1 % sester. 65,3 % pravidelných kuřáků v I. etapě a 62,2 % ve II. etapě uvedlo, že již zkoušeli přestat kouřit. Více než polovina zdravotníků v I. etapě (58,6 % lékařů a 52,7 % sester) a kolem poloviny zdravotníků ve II. etapě (46,4 % lékařů a 53,2 % sester) uvedlo, že se ptají pacientů na kouření. 47,3 % lékařů a 50,5 % sester v I. etapě a 45,1 % lékařů a 57 % sester ve II. etapě uvedlo, že posuzuje ochotu pacienta kuřáka přestat kouřit. Avšak pouze 13 % lékařů a 20,6 % sester v I. etapě a 28 % lékařů a 34,3 % sester ve II. etapě doporučilo pacientům návštěvu centra pro závislé na tabáku. Závěr: Výsledky našeho šetření zřejmě odrážejí pozitivní dopad vzdělávacích aktivit zaměřených na zdravotní sestry (ve II. etapě byl zjištěn nižší podíl pravidelných kuřaček sester). Vyšší podíl lékařů i sester, kteří svým pacientům doporučili ve II. etapě návštěvu Centra pro závislé na tabáku při Klinice pracovního a cestovního lékařství ve FNKV svědčí pro rozšíření povědomí o existenci této specializované služby mezi pracovníky FNKV. Vzhledem k tomu, že pouze kolem poloviny zdravotníků se v obou etapách dotazovalo na kouření svých pacientů a nabízelo další doporučení, je třeba i nadále poskytovat vzdělávání v technikách krátkých intervencí a poradenství zaměřeném na odvykání kouření a léčbu závislosti na tabáku.
Aim: The aim of this paper is to assess the trend in smoking prevalence in health professionals employees of the Královské Vinohrady Teaching Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and providing brief interventions related to smoking in patients during the process of engagement into the Global Network for Tobacco-Free Healthcare Services. Methods: The results of two surveys conducted during preventive examinations at the Clinic of Occupational and Travel Medicine between May 2014 and May 2015 and January and December 2016 were compared. The adjusted questionnaire designed by the Society for Tobacco Dependence Treatment was administered in 875 employees with 72 % response rate in the 1st survey and in 1394 employees with 42% response rate in the 2nd survey. The anonymous questionnaire was designed to obtain information on smoking status, cessation attempts and providing brief interventions related to smoking in patients. Results: 8.5% of physicians and 33.7% of nurses in the first survey and 14% of physicians and 28% of nurses in the second survey reported that they are regular smokers (at least 1 cigarette a day). 65.3% of regular smokers in the first survey and 62.2% in the second survey reported they had already attempted to quit smoking. More than a half of health professionals in the first survey (58.6% physicians and 52.7% nurses) and around half of health professionals in the second survey (46,4% physicians and 53.2% nurses) reported that they ask their patients about smoking. 47.3% of physicians and 50.5% of nurses in the first survey and 45.1% of physicians and 57% of nurses in the second survey reported that they assess patient‘s readiness to quit smoking. However, only13 % of physicians and 20.6% of nurses in the first survey and 28% of physicians and 34.3% of nurses in the second survey referred their patients to the specialized centre for tobacco dependence treatment. Conclusion: Findings of our evaluation reflect the positive impact of educational activities focused on nurses in recent years (there was a lower proportion of regular smokers in nurses in the second survey). Higher proportion of physicians and nurses who referred their patients to the Centre for Tobacco Dependence Treatment at the Clinic of Occupational and Travel Medicine in the Královské Vinohrady Teaching Hospital indicates higher awareness on this specialized service among the staff of the hospital. As only about half of health professionals provided brief interventions in both surveys, further education should motivate health professionals on early identification and further intervention and counselling in smokers in their medical practice.
- Klíčová slova
- krátké intervence,
- MeSH
- kouření * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevence kouření metody MeSH
- zdravotničtí pracovníci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
BACKGROUND: The study concerns the comparison of percentile curves of Czech breastfed children with Czech national references from 1991 and 2001 and WHO growth standards. Growth charts of breastfed children demonstrate different curve shapes, especially in the first months of life. Incorrect interpretation of the growth curve could lead to premature introduction of complementary foods or infant formula. AIM: The comparison of four body parameters of Czech breastfed children with currently used Czech national references and WHO standards in order to recommend that Czech paediatricians use either Czech references or WHO standards in their practice. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Nine hundred and sixty breastfed children were included in the study of length-for-age, head circumference-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-length parameters. All percentile curves were compared. Values of the 50th percentile expressed in z-scores based on both Czech references and WHO standards were tested. RESULTS: The study confirmed results of previous surveys documenting that growth of breastfed children is specific. Nevertheless, percentile curves of growth parameters of Czech breastfed children are closer to Czech references than WHO standards. CONCLUSIONS: The Czech national references fulfil the needs of Czech paediatricians (with pointing to specifics of breastfed child growth) and WHO standards are suitable, especially for international comparison.
- MeSH
- antropometrie * MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kojení statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- tělesná výška MeSH
- vývoj dítěte * MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
AIM: This study seeks to assess smoking habits, attitudes and intention to quit in students of the Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey designed to obtain information on smoking history, current smoking status, cessation attempts, and attitudes towards smoking among health professionals was conducted in 452 students of the first and last years of a 6-year Master's Study Programme (General Medicine) and a 3-year Bachelor's Study Programme (Public Health). An anonymous questionnaire was administered during the classes in the course of academic years 2011-12 and 2012-13. RESULTS: 5.7% of the Master's Study Programme students (3.3% women and 9.0% men ) and 4.8% of the Bachelor's Study Programme students reported that they are regular smokers. The share of regular smokers was almost twice as big in students of the English Curriculum of the Master's Programme (10.7%) in comparison with the students of the Czech Curriculum (4.5%), and more than twice as big in students of the last years of both study programmes (3.9% in students of the 1st year and 10.8% in students of the 6th year of the Master's Programme; 3.2% in students of the 1st year and 7.0% in students of the 3rd year of the Bachelor's Study Programme). At the time of the research, 18.9% of students of the Master's Programme and 17.1% of students of the Bachelor's Programme were occasional smokers. 5.9% of students of the Master's Programme and 19.0% of students of the Bachelor's Programme reported that they quit smoking during their studies at the medical faculty; on the contrary, 9.8% of students of the Master's Programme and 14.3% of students of the Bachelor's Programme started smoking during that time. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking in health professionals undermines their significant role in health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases in their patients. Therefore, education at the medical faculty should focus on motivation of future health professionals towards non-smoking except providing knowledge on current research and guidance on early identification and further intervention in smokers.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kouření epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odvykání kouření MeSH
- postoj ke zdraví * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- studenti lékařství psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- kojenec * MeSH
- kojení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- růstové grafy * MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- tělesné váhy a míry * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cíl: Cílem studie bylo posoudit úroveň poskytování krátkých intervencí ve vztahu ke kouření pacientů a prevalenci kouření u zaměstnanců Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady (FNKV) a 3. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy (3. LF UK) v Praze v rámci procesu začleňování FNKV do Evropské sítě nekuřáckých nemocnic. Metodika: Dotazníkové šetření bylo provedeno při preventivních prohlídkách zaměstnanců FNKV a 3. LF UK na Klinice pracovního a cestovního lékařství FNKV v době od května 2014 do května 2015. Anonymní dotazník navržený Společností pro léčbu závislosti na tabáku byl nabídnut 875 zaměstnancům s návratností 72 %. Dotazník zjišťoval kuřácký status, pokusy o zanechání kouření a poskytování krátkých intervencí pacientům ve vztahu ke kouření. Výsledky: Za pravidelné kuřáky (nejméně 1 cigareta denně) se označilo 32,1 % zaměstnanců, příležitostné kuřáky (kouří méně než jednu cigaretu denně) 5,5 % zaměstnanců, to znamená, že za kuřáky lze označit 37,6 % zaměstnanců nemocnice. Nejméně pravidelných kuřáků bylo mezi lékaři (8,5 %), dále mezi farmaceuty (16,7 %), zdravotními sestrami (33,7 %), ostatním ošetřovatelským personálem (31,6 %) a nejvíce pravidelných kuřáků (43,1 %) bylo u ostatních zaměstnanců. Na otázku, zda se ptají pacientů na kouření, odpověděla více než polovina lékařů (58,6 %) i sester (52,7 %)kladně. 47,3 % lékařů a 50,5 % sester uvedlo, že posuzuje ochotu pacienta přestat kouřit. Pouze 3,8 % lékařů a 3,2 % sester uvedlo, že si zvou pacienty na kontroly kvůli léčbě závislosti na tabáku. Závěr: Kouření u zdravotníků významně podrývá jejich roli v podpoře zdraví a prevenci chronických onemocnění spojených s užíváním tabáku u jejich pacientů. Klíčoví zdravotníci by měli být dále vzděláváni v současných poznatcích o negativním dopadu kouření na zdraví, technikách krátkých intervencí a poradenství zaměřeném na odvykání kouření a možnostech léčby závislosti na tabáku. Kouřícím zdravotníkům se nabízí behaviorální podpora a intenzivní intervence při odvykání kouření, eventuálně při léčbě závislosti na tabáku ve specializovaných centrech pro léčbu závislosti na tabáku.
Aim: The aim of the survey was to assess providing brief interventions related to smoking in patients and smoking prevalence in health professionals – employees of the Královské Vinohrady Teaching Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague in the course of the process of engagement into the Global Network for Tobacco-free Healthcare Services. Methods: A survey designed to obtain information on smoking status, cessation attempts and providing brief interventions in patients was conducted during preventive examinations at the Clinic of Occupational and Travel Medicine using a questionnaire adapted by the Society for Tobacco Dependence Treatment between May 2014 and May 2015. The anonymous questionnaire was administered in 875 employees with response rate 72%. Results: 32% of employees reported that they are regular smokers (at least 1 cigarette a day) and 5.5% occasional smokers. The share of regular smokers was the lowest among physicians (8.5%), then pharmacists (16.7%), nurses (33.7%) and nursing staff (31.6%) and the highest (43,1%) among other employees. 58.6% of physicians and 52.7% of nurses reported that they ask their patients about smoking. 47.3% of physicians and 50.5% of nurses reported that they assess patient’s readiness to quit smoking. Only 3.8 % of physicians and 3.2 % of nurses invite their patients for controls due to the tobacco dependence treatment. Conclusions: Smoking in health professionals undermines their significant role in health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases in their patients. Further education should motivate health professionals towards non-smoking and provide knowledge on current research on health impact of smoking and guidance on early identification and further intervention and counseling in smokers in their medical practice. Smoking health professionals should be encouraged to use the services of specialized centers for the treatment of tobacco dependence.
- MeSH
- farmaceuti MeSH
- kouření * epidemiologie MeSH
- lékaři MeSH
- lékařský personál nemocniční MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odvykání kouření MeSH
- personál sesterský nemocniční MeSH
- podpora zdraví MeSH
- pomocný zdravotnický personál MeSH
- postoj ke zdraví MeSH
- postoj zdravotnického personálu * MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- prevence kouření MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma * MeSH
- zdravotní sestry MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Growth references are important for paediatric health monitoring. It is critical to understand differences in growth interpretation and potential consequences when using available growth references. This study compares the growth of Czech breastfed children with the current WHO growth standards 2006 and the Czech references 1991, 2001. A total of 960 infant/parent pairs in the Czech Republic were recruited through paediatric practices. Anthropometric data were collected during infants' first 12 months of life and parent questionnaires were gathered during a preventive visit at 18 months. Czech breastfed infants were longer with a greater head circumference at all percentiles compared to the WHO standards and were similar to the national references. The percentile weight-for-age and weight-for-length values of infants (: 6 months) were lower, and higher (6-12 months) compared to the WHO standards. The infant growth in the sample differed from both the WHO standards as well as the national references. Our findings indicate that the growth of Czech breastfed children differs from the current national references. These discrepancies were smaller compared to the WHO standards. The results of the study were used for new growth assessment guidelines to optimize feeding recommendations for Czech infants. The adoption of the WHO standards in the Czech Republic is not recommended.
- MeSH
- antropometrie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kojení * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- růstové grafy * MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- vývoj dítěte fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The objective of this descriptive study was to evaluate the performance of the international World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards in the Czech Republic and determine the prevalence of wasting among children using the 1991 Czech growth reference and the WHO growth standards. The study utilized the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards and the 1991 Czech growth references. The WHO standards were based on a longitudinal study of 882 children aged 0-24 months and on cross-sectional studies of 6669 children aged 18-71 months. The 1991 Czech growth references were based on a cross-sectional survey including 90 910 children aged 0-18 years (34 164 were children aged < 5 years). The prevalence of wasting was significantly higher among Czech children when using the WHO growth standards compared with the Czech references. The prevalence of wasting among 0-5-month-old children was 15.5% among boys and 12.9% among girls compared with the expected 2.3% of the WHO standards. In the length category of 50 cm, 9.0% of boys and 9.9% of girls fell under the WHO wasting cut-off compared with the 3% from the Czech growth reference. The application of the WHO growth standards may results in a significant increase of Czech children classified in the category of wasting, especially among infants aged 0-5 months. The performance and potential impacts of the WHO growth standards should be evaluated further before their adoption in the Czech Republic and other countries with local growth references.
- MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- podvýživa diagnóza epidemiologie etnologie patofyziologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- růstové grafy MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- syndrom chřadnutí etiologie MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost etnologie MeSH
- tělesná výška etnologie MeSH
- vládní programy MeSH
- vývoj dítěte MeSH
- výživa - přehledy MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
