Radon is recognized as a public health concern for indoor exposure. Precise quantification derived from occupational exposure in miners is still needed for estimating the risk and the factors that modify the dependence on cumulated exposure. The present paper reports on relationship between radon exposure and lung cancer risk in French and Czech cohorts of uranium miners (n = 10,100). Miners from these two cohorts are characterized by low levels of exposure (average cumulated exposure of less than 60 WLM) protracted over a long period (mean duration of exposure of 10 years) and by a good quality of individual exposure estimates (95% of annual exposures based on radon measurements). The modifying effect of the quality of exposure on the risk is analyzed. A total of 574 lung cancer deaths were observed, which is 187% higher than expected from the national statistics. This significantly elevated risk is strongly associated with cumulated radon exposure. The estimated overall excess relative risk per WLM is 0.027 (95% CI: 0.017-0.043, related to measured exposures). For age at exposure of 30 and 20 years since exposure, the ERR/WLM is 0.042, and this value decreases by approximately 50% for each 10-year increase in age at exposure and time since exposure. The present study emphasizes that the quality of exposure estimates is an important factor that may substantially influence results. Time since exposure and simultaneously age at exposure were the most important effect modifiers. No inverse exposure-rate effect below 4 WL was observed. The results are consistent with estimates of the BEIR VI report using the concentration model at an exposure rate below 0.5 WL.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dávka záření MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• hornictví statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• nádory plic mortalita   MeSH
• nádory vyvolané zářením mortalita   MeSH
• obsah radioaktivních látek v organizmu MeSH
• pracovní expozice statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• radon analýza   MeSH
• relativní biologická účinnost MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• uran analýza   MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Francie MeSH

In 1993, ICRP-65 recommended that dose conversion of radon exposure should be based on the comparison of detriments between radon exposure and effective dose. The lifetime detriment from the radon exposure was projected according to the epidemiological studies of uranium miners then available. The projection model (GSF) was multiplicative with temporal and age-at-exposure modification. Since 1993, new studies of uranium miners have appeared and many original studies were updated. In addition, projections of the risk have been improved by including further modifying factors as for instance in BEIR VI. New analyses were completed in the Czech and French studies of uranium miners with accurate estimates of exposures based on extensive radon measurements. The resulting estimates of excess absolute lifetime risk per unit exposure in working level months (WLM) from these models lead to dose conversion of 10 mSv WLM(-1) for the BEIR VI model and 8 mSv WLM(-1) for the joint Czech-French model in contrast to the conversion of 5 mSv WLM(-1) for the GSF model.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• dávka záření MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• hornictví statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• internacionalita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• nádory plic mortalita   MeSH
• nádory vyvolané zářením mortalita   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• pracovní expozice analýza   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• radon analýza   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The biologically based two-stage clonal expansion (TSCE) model is used to analyze lung cancer in several miners studies, two new ones (Czech, French) and two historic ones (Chinese, Colorado). In all cases, the model assumptions are identical. An action of radiation on initiation, promotion, and transformation is allowed. While all four studies indicate a highly significant action of radiation on promotion, the action on initiation is not significant in the French cohort, and barely significant in the Colorado miners cohort. No action on transformation is found in the Colorado miners, while the other data sets indicate a borderline significance. The model can describe all the data sets adequately, with different model parameters. The observed patterns in exposure, time since beginning of exposure, birth year, age and calendar year are reproduced well. The doubling exposure rate for initiation is about 3.5 WLM/year in the new data sets, while it is higher in the historic data sets. For transformation the doubling rate is about 20 WLM/year for the new data sets, while again the historic data give higher estimates. The action of radiation on promotion is quite different in the four data sets. These differences also induce different risk estimates at low exposures. The larger power of the new studies at these low exposures, compared to the historic data requires less extrapolation when the risk at very low exposures is estimated.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• dávka záření MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• hornictví statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování radiace metody   MeSH
• nádory plic mortalita   MeSH
• nádory vyvolané zářením mortalita   MeSH
• obsah radioaktivních látek v organizmu MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• radon analýza   MeSH
• relativní biologická účinnost MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Čína MeSH
• Colorado MeSH
• Francie MeSH

Exposure to radon and radon decay products in some residential areas and at workplaces constitutes one of the greatest risks from natural sources of ionising radiation. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the precise estimations of this health risk by numerous models. The compartmental model published in ICRP Publication 66 (HRTM) has been used for calculating alpha activity concentration in human lung. Energy deposition in the tissue was calculated by the Bethe-Bloch equation. The aim of this study was to check the performance and to compare the reliability of the microdosimetric models. In this work different thicknesses of mucus in the cases of non-smokers and smokers has been considered. Transformed cells were considered as the radiation risk parameters. The radiation risk evaluation for different exposure levels was based on homogeneous and heterogeneous distributions of target cells. The results of application of these procedures were compared with the epidemiological study of Czechoslovakian uranium miners.

• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• dávka záření MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• hornictví statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární přenos energie MeSH
• nádory plic epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• nádory vyvolané zářením epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• plíce metabolismus   účinky záření   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• radiační ochrana metody   MeSH
• radiometrie * MeSH
• radon analýza   farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• relativní biologická účinnost MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH