Stomatocystis goerresi sp. n., a gregarine (phylum Apicomplexa, Monocystidae) parasite of an important invasive earthworm in North America, Amynthas tokioensis (Beddard), is described. This is the second species placed into the genus, and details of its morphology and life cycle support Stomatocystis Bandyopadhyay, Mitra et Göçmen, 2006 as a valid taxon. The new species is described using standard nomenclature, measurements, shape descriptors, and photographs of living cells. The parasite was found only in A. tokioensis, and absent in sympatric earthworm species, suggesting it arrived when the earthworms were introduced from their origin from Japan. The species is distinctive from the type species in the genus, S. indica Bandyopadhyay, Mitra et Göçmen, 2006, in being substantially larger in all stages, found in only the host's seminal vesicles, and found in a different host species from East Asia. The distinctive trophozoites/gamonts develop a large funnel structure ringed with a collar of pronounced ridges, and the funnel appears even in the smallest cells. This funnel varies greatly in relative size (to the cell body) and shape, sometimes forming a large fan. The life cycle of S. goerresi is described including distinctive syzygy in which the funnels fuse and then produce a large cell with local centres of isogamete production (thus sex without gender). Gametes are large ( ~5 μm) spheres with complex tips. Oocyst production is large, > 1,000 per mature gametocyst. The genus Stomatocystis is placed into the Monocystidae, but the life cycle of the new species differs from those of other monocystid taxa, which may mean the Monocystidae are not monophyletic or life cycles are variable within the family. Prevalence of S. goerresi at the type locality was high (~ 90%). The parasites destroy the earthworm's organ of sperm self-storage thus eliminating the male function in the hermaphroditic host which may influence the ability of the earthworm to invade and be successful at new sites.
- MeSH
- Apicomplexa klasifikace genetika růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Oligochaeta parazitologie MeSH
- stadia vývoje MeSH
- zavlečené druhy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
Six types of sphaeractinomyxon are reported from the coelomic cavity of oligochaetes collected from the Minho River estuary in northern Portugal. Four new types are morphologically and molecularly described from freshwater species belonging to the genera Psammoryctides Hrabě and Potamothrix Vejdovský et Mrázek in the upper estuary, thus significantly increasing the number of known freshwater sphaeractinomyxon. In the lower estuary, sphaeractinomyxon types 8 and 10 of Rangel et al. (2016) are recorded infecting the marine oligochaete Tubificoides pseudogaster (Dahl). A single specimen of T. pseudogaster further displayed infection by one of the four new types found in the upper estuary, suggesting the involvement of sphaeractinomyxon in the life cycles of myxosporean species that infect migratory fish hosts. The acquisition of these second hosts is proposed to have allowed the myxosporean counterparts of sphaeractinomyxon to cross environmental barriers and conquer new habitats. Phylogenetic analyses of the SSU rRNA gene reveal the four new types clustering within the monophyletic clade of mugiliform-infecting myxobolids, strengthening the previously proposed involvement of the sphaeractinomyxon collective group in the life cycles of this specific group of myxosporeans. Endocapsa types also cluster within the latter clade, having actinospores that differ from those of sphaeractinomyxon only in the presence of valvular swellings that do not change when in contact with water. In this study, however, one type was found displaying actinospores with and without valvular swellings in the same oligochaete specimen. This overlap in actinospore morphology is given as grounds for the demise of the endocapsa collective group.
- MeSH
- estuár MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita * MeSH
- Myxozoa klasifikace genetika fyziologie MeSH
- Oligochaeta parazitologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Portugalsko MeSH
Five amoeboid organisms of different origin (isolated from fish organs, soil and digestive tract of earthworm) that shared light microscopical and ultrastructural features including type and arrangement of mitochondrial cristae were subjected to phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of SSU rDNA and protein coding genes (actin, cytochrome oxidase I, and eukaryotic elongation factor 2). The reconstruction of multigene phylogeny of the strains studied (i) revealed that they belong to the same single-genus Copromyxa clade; (ii) strongly supported position of Copromyxa cantabrigiensis (syn. Hartmannella cantabrigiensis) within the genus; (iii) together with comparisons of light and electron microscopy data justified reclassification of Cashia limacoides (syn. Vexillifera expectata) to Copromyxa limacoides n. comb., and (iv) justified description of a new species, Copromyxa laresi n. sp.
- MeSH
- aktiny genetika MeSH
- Amoeba MeSH
- Amoebozoa klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- dánio pruhované parazitologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- kinasa elongačního faktoru 2 genetika MeSH
- Lobosea klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- mitochondrie parazitologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- Oligochaeta parazitologie MeSH
- organely parazitologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- protozoální DNA genetika MeSH
- protozoální proteiny genetika MeSH
- půda parazitologie MeSH
- respirační komplex IV genetika MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- žábry parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Španělsko MeSH
Echinactinomyxon-type actinospores were found in a mixed-species oligochaete culture originating from the Temperate Water Fish Hatchery near Budapest, Hungary. On the basis of DNA sequence analysis, the actinospores were identified as Myxobolus pavlovskii (Akhmerov, 1954), the 18S rDNA sequence from myxospores of which is available in GenBank. Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) fry specimens were successfully infected by cohabitation with the echinactinomyxon-releasing oligochaetes, which confirmed the molecular data congruence. The echinactinomyxons and the myxospores that developed in the gills of exposed fish fry were analysed morphologically and on DNA basis. The infected gill tissue was examined histologically. As typical characters of M. pavlovskii, numerous small plasmodia were observed in the epithelia of gill lamellae. Plasmodia contained thousands of myxospores with polar capsules unequal in size and with large intercapsular processes. The 18S rDNA sequence from actinospores and those from myxospores originating from the experimentally infected fish were identical. The oligochaete species releasing actinospores was morphologically determined as Limnodrilus sp. This is the first record of an echinactinomyxon as an alternate stage within the genus Myxobolus.
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kapři parazitologie MeSH
- Myxobolus genetika klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- Oligochaeta parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat parazitologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- spory genetika klasifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- žábry parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Maďarsko MeSH
Little is known about the viability of myxozoan actinospore stages after harvest from laboratory cultures of infected oligochaete worms. The viability and reactivity of actinospores of three myxozoan species was evaluated after short-term storage at 4°C and 12°C. Two methods of determining actinospore viability were compared: differential fluorescent staining and direct microscopic observation of morphological indicators of spore integrity. Spore reactivity was quantified by measuring polar filament discharge rates in a micro-assay with fish mucus substrate and mechanical stimulation by vibration. The age-dependent viability of the three species showed clear differences. Myxobolus cerebralis actinospores had the shortest effective life span whereas Henneguya nuesslini actinospores survived significantly longer. Storage at lower temperatures yielded higher viability in all species. Myxobolus pseudodispar actinospores were significantly robust up to 12°C when assessed by staining, but showed similar viability characteristics as H. nuesslini when analyzed morphologically. Evaluation of spore viability by fluorescent staining correlated with morphological assessment, although fewer viable actinospores were usually detected microscopically. Polar filament discharge activity of morphologically intact actinospores did not significantly decrease until the third day of storage compared to freshly harvested samples. The results indicate that durability and reactivity trends during storage of actinospores differ among myxozoan species.
- MeSH
- losos parazitologie MeSH
- Oligochaeta klasifikace parazitologie MeSH
- sladká voda parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Skotsko MeSH
The development of the tapeworm Khawia sinensis parasitizing carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) has been studied from the release of cestode eggs into water to the formation of infective procercoids in the intermediate host under laboratory conditions. The rate of embryonal development is greatly influenced by the water temperature. While at 5 degrees C the development of oncospheres was not recorded, at 10-12 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 20-22 degrees C, and 23-24 degrees C oncospheres were fully formed after 57, 42, 21 and 16 days, respectively. Infectivity of oncospheres was confirmed by successful experimental infection of the intermediate hosts: Tubifex tubifex and Limnodrilus udekemiamus (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae). Fully formed procercoids infective for the definitive host were found in the intermediate host from 52 days of development at 20-22 degrees C. From the third week of development in the intermediate host, most of the parasite larvae were located in the anterior part of the tubificid body, mainly between 8th and 15th segments.
- MeSH
- Cestoda růst a vývoj MeSH
- cestodózy parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- kapři parazitologie MeSH
- larva růst a vývoj MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- Oligochaeta parazitologie MeSH
- sladká voda MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
