Uric acid is the end-product of purine nucleotide metabolism and an increase in uric acid concentration in the body results in hyperuricemia, ultimately leading to gout. However, uric acid is a potent antioxidant and interacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to be non-enzymatically converted to allantoin. Uric acid accounts for approximately 60 % of antioxidant capacity in the plasma; however, its contribution to tissue antioxidant capacity is unknown. In this study, the contribution of uric acid to tissue antioxidant capacity and its conversion to allantoin by scavenging ROS in tissue were examined. The results showed that a decrease in hepatic uric acid content via allopurinol administration significantly reduced hepatic total-radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) content in protein-free cytosol. Additionally, treating protein-free cytosol with uricase led to a further reduction of hepatic TRAP content. Allantoin was also detected in the solution containing protein-free cytosol that reacted with ROS. These findings suggest that in the absence of protein, uric acid contributes greatly to antioxidant capacity in the liver, where uric acid is converted to allantoin by scavenging ROS.
- MeSH
- alantoin metabolismus MeSH
- alopurinol farmakologie MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů farmakologie MeSH
- játra účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina močová metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- xanthinoxidasa antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Natural variation in the presence or the absence of STM0517-0529 genes allowing allantoin utilisation has been described in field isolates of the multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium belonging to the phage type DT104. Interestingly, S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 is quite frequent in pigs and cattle, but rarely present in egg-laying hens. Taking into account the different mode of allantoin metabolism in birds and mammals, we were interested in whether the absence of STM0517-0529 genes may disable this clone in poultry colonisation. We have therefore constructed the allB (also designated as STM0523) mutants in S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis, and with these, we infected mice, newly hatched chickens and adult egg-laying hens to show that the defect in allantoin utilisation does not influence S. enterica virulence for mice or adult hens, but slightly decreases virulence of S. enterica for chickens. The decrease in virulence of the allB mutant was relatively minor as it could be observed only after a mixed infection model, consistent with a lower prevalence, but not a total absence of such clones in poultry flocks.
- MeSH
- alantoin metabolismus MeSH
- drůbež MeSH
- kyselina močová metabolismus MeSH
- mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis genetika metabolismus patogenita MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium genetika metabolismus patogenita MeSH
- salmonelová infekce u zvířat mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- alantoin analýza izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza MeSH
- dárci krve krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- volné radikály metabolismus MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
