Individuals reared in captivity are exposed to distinct selection pressures and evolutionary processes causing genetic and phenotypic divergence from wild populations. Consequently, restocking with farmed individuals may represent a considerable risk for the fitness of free-living populations. Supportive breeding on a massive scale has been established in many European countries to increase hunting opportunities for the most common duck species, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). It has previously been shown that mallards from breeding facilities differ genetically from wild populations and there is some indication of morphological differences. Using a common-garden experiment, we tested for differences in growth parameters between free-living populations and individuals from breeding facilities during the first 20 days of post-hatching development, a critical phase for survival in free-living populations. In addition, we compared their immune function by assessing two haematological parameters, H/L ratio and immature erythrocyte frequency, and plasma complement activity. Our data show that farmed ducklings exhibit larger morphological parameters, a higher growth rates, and higher complement activity. In haematological parameters, we observed high dynamic changes in duckling ontogeny in relation to their morphological parameters. In conclusion, our data demonstrate pronounced phenotype divergence between farmed and wild mallard populations that can be genetically determined. We argue that this divergence can directly or indirectly affect fitness of farmed individuals introduced to the breeding population as well as fitness of farmed x wild hybrids.
- MeSH
- chov MeSH
- divoká zvířata růst a vývoj imunologie MeSH
- farmy MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- kachny růst a vývoj imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to B. burgdorferi s.l. in wild small mammals in the Czech Republic and compare sensitivity of PCR and cultivaton. Wild small mammals (n = 691) were trapped in years 2010-2014 in three localities of the Czech Republic. Heart rinses (n = 340) and sera (n = 351) were examined by modified indirect ELISA. Seventy animals were randomly selected for comparison of results of cultivation and PCR. Mean annual antiborelian positivity was 12% with statistical difference (p < 0.05) between Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and other six animal species, while there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between rodentia and insectivora, gender and localities. The cultivation revealed one positive sample (1.4%), negative in both PCR and ELISA. Method PCR revealed seven positive samples (10%); two of them were simultaneously dubious in ELISA. Eleven animals, negative in cultivation and PCR, had antibodies in ELISA. Method of PCR compared to cultivation seems to be more sensitive for detection of Borrelia.
- MeSH
- Arvicolinae imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi genetika růst a vývoj imunologie MeSH
- divoká zvířata imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- hlodavci imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin G krev MeSH
- imunoglobulin M krev MeSH
- lymeská nemoc epidemiologie imunologie veterinární MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální krev MeSH
- savci imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Toxoplasma gondii is protozoan parasite with ability of causing disease in wide-spectrum of animals; many species of animals in captivity died of clinical toxoplasmosis. The monitoring of T. gondii antibodies in zoo animals can be an important indicator of T. gondii circulation in zoo. The aim of this study was to examine sera of animals from eight Czech zoos by latex agglutination test with statistical evaluation and detect T. gondii DNA in stray cats and rodents captured in the zoos. T. gondii antibodies were detected in 33% of 1043 zoo animals without statistical difference between birds (27%, n = 74) and mammals (33%, n = 969). In birds, the chance to be infected with T. gondii was higher in Accipitriformes (71%) compared to Pelecaniformes (6%) (p < 0.0001). In mammals, the chance to be infected with T. gondii was higher in Carnivora (63%) compared to Cetarodactyla (30%), Perissodactyla (26%), Primates (28%) and Rodentia (13%) (p < 0.0001) and higher in Felidae (70%) compared to Bovidae (28%) and Equidae (28%) (p < 0.0001). Mammals with carnivore/scavenger way of feeding were in a higher risk of T. gondii infection compared to herbivores and omnivores (p < 0.0001). T. gondii DNA was detected in tissue of one stray cat while in none of 77 rodents caught in zoo. This study is the first report on toxoplasmosis in zoos from the Czech Republic including seroepidemiology and molecular detection.
- MeSH
- Carnivora krev imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- divoká zvířata krev imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- hlodavci krev imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- latex fixační testy MeSH
- protilátky protozoální imunologie MeSH
- protozoální DNA krev MeSH
- ptáci krev imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- savci krev imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- Toxoplasma genetika imunologie MeSH
- toxoplazmóza zvířat krev epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- zvířata v ZOO krev imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- MeSH
- divoká zvířata imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Hantavirus MeSH
- protilátky virové MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
