Candida albicans can enhance the invasion of oral epithelial cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis, although the fungus is not a periodontal pathogen. In this study, we investigated whether C. albicans augments proinflammatory cytokine production by mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells incubated with synthetic bacterial components. Mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells, mouse primary splenocytes, human THP-1 cells, and A549 cells were pretreated with or without heat-killed C. albicans (HKCA) or substitutes for C. albicans cell wall components in 96-well flat-bottomed plates. Cells were then washed and incubated with Pam3CSK4, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand, or lipid A, a TLR4 ligand. Culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for secreted IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-8. HKCA augmented TLR ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by J774.1 cells, mouse splenocytes, and THP-1 cells, but not A549 cells. However, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α production induced by Pam3CSK4 or lipid A was not augmented when cells were pretreated with curdlan, a dectin-1 ligand, or mannan, a dectin-2 ligand. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with TLR ligands upregulated the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, but not MCP-1, induced by Pam3CSK4 or lipid A. The results suggest that C. albicans augments synthetic bacterial component-induced cytokine production by J774.1 cells via the TLR pathway, but not the dectin-1 or dectin-2 pathway.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- Candida albicans chemie fyziologie MeSH
- cytokiny genetika imunologie MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi čeledi Bacteroidaceae genetika imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- interleukin-6 genetika imunologie MeSH
- lektiny typu C genetika imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágy imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- Porphyromonas gingivalis chemie fyziologie MeSH
- TNF-alfa genetika imunologie MeSH
- toll-like receptor 2 genetika imunologie MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and is a member of more than 500 bacterial species that live in the oral cavity. This anaerobic bacterium is a natural member of the oral microbiome, yet it can become highly destructive (termed pathobiont) and proliferate to high cell numbers in periodontal lesions: this is attributed to its arsenal of specialized virulence factors. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of one of the main periodontal pathogens-Porphyromonas gingivalis. This bacterium, along with Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia, constitute the "red complex," a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. This review outlines Porphyromonas gingivalis structure, its metabolism, its ability to colonize the epithelial cells, and its influence upon the host immunity.
- MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi čeledi Bacteroidaceae imunologie metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parodontitida imunologie metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- Porphyromonas gingivalis patogenita fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH