BACKGROUND: Plaque-induced gingivitis is the most prevalent periodontal disease associated with pathogenic biofilms. The host immune system responds to pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their co-receptor cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14). AIM: This study investigated the association between the functional polymorphism in the CD14 gene and the dental plaque microbiota in children with gingivitis. DESIGN: A total of 590 unrelated children (307 with plaque-induced gingivitis and 283 controls, aged 13-15 years) were enrolled in this case-control study. Dental plaque was processed using a ParoCheck® 20 detection kit. The CD14 -260C/T (rs2569190) polymorphism was determined with the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: Gingivitis was detected in 64.2% of boys and 35.8% of girls (P < .001). Children with gingivitis had a significantly higher occurrence of dental caries (P < .001). No significant differences in the CD14 -260C/T allele and genotype distribution among individuals with or without gingivitis in the whole cohort were found. Children with gingivitis and P gingivalis, however, were significantly more frequent carriers of the CT and TT genotypes than children with gingivitis without P gingivalis or healthy controls (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The CD14 -260C/T polymorphism acts in cooperation with P gingivalis to trigger plaque-induced gingivitis in Czech children.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• gingivitida * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopolysacharidové receptory * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zubní kaz * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Plaque-induced gingivitis is the most prevalent periodontal disease associated with pathogenic biofilms. The host immune system responds to pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their co-receptor cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14). AIM: This study investigated the association between the functional polymorphism in the CD14 gene and the dental plaque microbiota in children with gingivitis. DESIGN: A total of 590 unrelated children (307 with plaque-induced gingivitis and 283 controls, aged 13-15 years) were enrolled in this case-control study. Dental plaque was processed using a ParoCheck® 20 detection kit. The CD14 -260C/T (rs2569190) polymorphism was determined with the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: Gingivitis was detected in 64.2% of boys and 35.8% of girls (P < .001). Children with gingivitis had a significantly higher occurrence of dental caries (P < .001). No significant differences in the CD14 -260C/T allele and genotype distribution among individuals with or without gingivitis in the whole cohort were found. Children with gingivitis and P gingivalis, however, were significantly more frequent carriers of the CT and TT genotypes than children with gingivitis without P gingivalis or healthy controls (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The CD14 -260C/T polymorphism acts in cooperation with P gingivalis to trigger plaque-induced gingivitis in Czech children.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• gingivitida * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopolysacharidové receptory * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zubní kaz * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Candida albicans can enhance the invasion of oral epithelial cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis, although the fungus is not a periodontal pathogen. In this study, we investigated whether C. albicans augments proinflammatory cytokine production by mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells incubated with synthetic bacterial components. Mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells, mouse primary splenocytes, human THP-1 cells, and A549 cells were pretreated with or without heat-killed C. albicans (HKCA) or substitutes for C. albicans cell wall components in 96-well flat-bottomed plates. Cells were then washed and incubated with Pam3CSK4, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand, or lipid A, a TLR4 ligand. Culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for secreted IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-8. HKCA augmented TLR ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by J774.1 cells, mouse splenocytes, and THP-1 cells, but not A549 cells. However, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α production induced by Pam3CSK4 or lipid A was not augmented when cells were pretreated with curdlan, a dectin-1 ligand, or mannan, a dectin-2 ligand. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with TLR ligands upregulated the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, but not MCP-1, induced by Pam3CSK4 or lipid A. The results suggest that C. albicans augments synthetic bacterial component-induced cytokine production by J774.1 cells via the TLR pathway, but not the dectin-1 or dectin-2 pathway.

• MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• Candida albicans chemie   fyziologie   MeSH
• cytokiny genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi čeledi Bacteroidaceae genetika   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• interleukin-6 genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• lektiny typu C genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makrofágy imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis chemie   fyziologie   MeSH
• TNF-alfa genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 2 genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease of the teeth-supporting tissues in which genetic predisposition, dental plaque bacteria, and immune mechanisms all play important roles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of IL-4 gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis and to investigate the association between polymorphisms and cytokines production after bacterial stimulation. Sixty-two subjects (47 CP patients and 15 healthy controls) with detected two polymorphisms in the IL-4 gene (-590C/T and intron 3 VNTR) were examined. Production of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNFα, INFγ, and VEGF) was studied after in vitro stimulation of isolated peripheral blood by mitogens (Pokeweed mitogen, Concanavalin A), dental plaque bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia), and Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70 by the Luminex multiplex cytokine analysis system. The results were correlated with IL-4 genotypes in patients with CP and healthy controls. The mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood of CP patients with selected IL-4 polymorphisms significantly altered the production of IFNγ, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-1α, TNFα, and IL-6 after stimulation by HSP 70 or selected bacteria (from P < 0.001 to P < 0.05). IL-4 gene polymorphisms may influence the function of mononuclear cells to produce not only interleukin-4 but also other cytokines, especially in patients with CP.

• MeSH
• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• interleukin-4 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitogeny chemie   MeSH
• parodontitida metabolismus   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis MeSH
• Prevotella intermedia MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• zubní plak mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Parodontitida (PD) je jedním z nejčastěji se vyskytujících zánětlivých onemocnění závěsného aparátu dentice. Z epidemiologických studií je již delší dobu známa asociace parodontitidy s chronickými onemocněními, jako je diabetes mellitus, kardiovaskulární onemocnění, ateroskleróza či Crohnova nemoc. V posledním desetiletí je k nim řazena i revmatoidní artritida (RA). RA a PD mají společné četné genetické, environmentální i imunopatologické rysy, důležitým aspektem vzájemného vztahu je i schopnost citrulinace, která je vlastní jednomu z nejdůležitějších orálních patogenů – Porphyromonas gingivalis. Citrulinace a tvorba protilátek proti takto modifikovaným proteinům je jedním z důležitých patofyziologických dějů v průběhu RA. V nedávné době byly publikovány práce poukazující na možné ovlivnění průběhu a aktivity RA terapií parodontitidy. Kromě zmiňované asociace mezi RA a PD se objevují práce poukazující na možnou souvislost mezi PD a dalšími revmatickými onemocněními, např. spondylartritidami. Vzájemný vztah PD a revmatických onemocnění tak zůstává důležitou a otevřenou otázkou při zkoumání příčin, průběhu a terapeutických možností revmatických chorob.

Periodontitis (PD) is one of the most common infectious diseases of dental attachment. From epidemiological studies there is known association of periodontitis with chronic diseases as for example diabetes mellitus, cardiovacular diseases, atherosclerosis or Crohn disease. In last decade there is an increasing evidence for association of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis also. RA and PD have some common genetic, environmental and immunopathological characters. Important aspect of reciprocal relationship is also ability to citrullination, which is innate to one of most important oral patogen – Porphyromonas gingivalis. Citrullination and production of autoantibodies against this modified proteins is one the important pathophysiological actions in course of RA. Recently, there has been published papers drawing attention to potential influence of periodontitis therapy to course and activity of RA. Furthermore there appear some information pointing to possible association between PD and other rheumatic diseases as for exam­ple spondyloarthritis. Interrelationship between PD and rheumatic diseases thus stay important and still open question in research of pathophysiology, course and therapeutic possibilities of rheumatic diseases.

• Klíčová slova
• peptidylarginindeimináza,
• MeSH
• autoprotilátky MeSH
• citrulin imunologie   MeSH
• citrulinace MeSH
• cyklické peptidy imunologie   MeSH
• hydrolasy imunologie   MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi čeledi Bacteroidaceae imunologie   komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• parodontitida * genetika   imunologie   komplikace   MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis * imunologie   patogenita   MeSH
• revmatické nemoci etiologie   imunologie   komplikace   MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida * genetika   imunologie   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and is a member of more than 500 bacterial species that live in the oral cavity. This anaerobic bacterium is a natural member of the oral microbiome, yet it can become highly destructive (termed pathobiont) and proliferate to high cell numbers in periodontal lesions: this is attributed to its arsenal of specialized virulence factors. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of one of the main periodontal pathogens-Porphyromonas gingivalis. This bacterium, along with Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia, constitute the "red complex," a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. This review outlines Porphyromonas gingivalis structure, its metabolism, its ability to colonize the epithelial cells, and its influence upon the host immunity.

• MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi čeledi Bacteroidaceae imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• parodontitida imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis patogenita   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Anotace I: Úloha probiotik a bakterií zubního povlaku v rozvoji aterosklerózy Anotace III: Pacienti s chronickou parodontitidou a riziko aterosklerózy Anotace II: Experimentální modely aterosklerózy; I. Risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic periodontitis. II. Apo E-/- mice - role of commensal microflora in germfree and conventional conditions. III. Prague hereditary hypercholinesteromic rat and role of probiotics and dental plaquebacteria.

• MeSH
• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans MeSH
• ateroskleróza MeSH
• cytokiny krev   MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• parodontitida MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• probiotika MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• zubní plak mikrobiologie   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Stomatologie
• NLK Obory
• zubní lékařství
• zubní lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

V patogenezi aterosklerózy jsou kromě tradič ních rizikových faktorů , jako je hypertenze, hyperlipoproteinémie, diabetes mellitus, obezita a kouření, v posledních 20 letech diskutovány i další faktory, mezi které patří infekce a chronický zánět. Pů vodní koncepci možné úlohy speci- fického infekního agens, např. Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus či Helicobacter pylori vystřídala teorie synergického působení více patogenů, přičemž každý z nich může přispívat k pomalému chronickému zánětu. Předčasná manifestace aterosklerózy byla popsána i u tzv. autoimunitních onemocnění. Jedná se především o systémový lupus erythematodes (SLE), revmatoidní artritidu (RA) a antifosfolipidový syn-drom (APS). Ateroskleróza je chronické fibroproliferativní onemocnění, které je iniciované poškozením endotelu a které je řízeno mechanismy vrozené i získané imunity. Z inflamatorních markerů je ke stanovení míry kardiovaskulárního rizika stále nejčastěji používán ultrasenzitivně měřený CRP. Ostatní parametry jsou zatím využívány spíše v experimentu. V terapii aterosklerózy se kromě kyseliny acetylsalicylové připisují antiinflamatorní vlastnosti i lékům, jako jsou statiny, ACE inhibitory či sartany. Výrazný efekt by mohla přinést biologická léčba.

Besides traditional cardiovascular risk factors, e.g. hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity or smoking , there are new factors being discussed, such as infection and chronic inflammation, which may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ather osclerosis. The first conception of one single infectious agent, e.g Chlamydia pneumoniae , cytomegalovirus or Helicobacter pylori has been replaced by the theory of a synergistic effect of multiple pathogens; each of them may contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation. Premature atherosclerosis manifestation has been further observed in patients with autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE), rheumatoid ar thritis (RA) or antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Atherosclerosis is a chronic fibroproliferative disease initiated by endothelial damage, wh ich is regulated by mechanisms of both innate and adaptive immunity. Among inflammatory markers, ultrasensitive measurement of CRP is the most c ommonly used for cardiovascular risk assessment. Other parameters are used mostly in experiment. Besides acetylsalicylic acid, certain anti-inflammatory properties have been attributed to other drugs commonly used in patients with advanced atherosclerosis: statins, ACE inhibitors , angiotensin receptor blockers. Experiments with biologic therapy are promising.

• MeSH
• adaptivní imunita MeSH
• adiponektin MeSH
• alergologie a imunologie MeSH
• aterosklerotický plát * klasifikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• ateroskleróza * etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• autoimunitní nemoci MeSH
• biologické markery * MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein diagnostické užití   MeSH
• Chlamydophila pneumoniae patogenita   MeSH
• cytomegalovirové infekce MeSH
• diagnostické techniky a postupy MeSH
• fibrinogen MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• inhibitor aktivátoru plazminogenu 1 MeSH
• interleukin-18 MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makrofágy MeSH
• monocyty MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis patogenita   MeSH
• přirozená imunita MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• T-lymfocyty MeSH
• zánět * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances tend to exhibit signs of gingivitis and gingival enlargement with false pockets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of periodontal pathogens in patients with clinical manifestation of plaque-associated gingivitis treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Thirty-two consecutive orthodontic patients – 11 females (age range from 10 to 32; mean age 17.43 years) and 21 males (age range from 12 to 28; average age 16.25 years) were included in this study. All individuals were diagnosed with clinical signs of gingivitis. CPI and PBI were evaluated. Subgingival plaque samples were collected after periodontal examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from these samples and bacterial detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction (Test VariOr-Dento). We recorded the following occurrence of periodontal pathogens: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans – 25 %, Porphyromonas gingivalis – 31.25 %, Treponema denticola – 43.75 %, Tannerella forsythensis – 59 %, Prevotella intermedia – 65.6 %, Peptostreptococcus micros – 75 %, and Fusobacterium nucleatum – 100 %. Two and more pathogens were detected simultaneously in 93.75 % of the patients. Simultaneous occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis was recorded in 9.37 % of the patients. Likewise, simultaneous occurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythensis was registered in 15.6 % of the patients. The number of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in the sample correlated significantly (p=0.01) with the values of the CPI index (evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test). In this study 80 % of the patients treated with the fixed orthodontic appliance and with clinical manifestations of plaqueinduced gingivitis are bearers of periodontal pathogens in a quantity significant for the damage of periodontium. To treat these patients successfully, collaboration with a periodontologist is highly recommended.

• MeSH
• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce diagnóza   etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• DNA bakterií izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• Fusobacterium nucleatum izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• gingivitida diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ortodontické aparáty škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Peptostreptococcus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   využití   MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Prevotella intermedia izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• statistika jako téma metody   MeSH
• Treponema denticola izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zubní plak diagnóza   etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans patogenita   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• parodontitida imunologie   komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis patogenita   MeSH
• předčasný porod patofyziologie   MeSH
• preeklampsie patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH