Inflammatory imbalance of bone formation/resorption leads to alveolar bone destruction. Astragalus polysaccharide has been confirmed to have anti-inflammatory effects. We sought to disclose the protective effect and its potential mechanisms of astragalus polysaccharide in the periodontitis model. Experimental periodontitis was induced by cotton ligatures for this study. We measured the alveolar bone damage rate, periodontal osteoclasts, proportion of CD4+Foxp3+, CD4+IL-10+, CD4+TGF-β+ subsets in the gingiva, and RANKL, OPG, TGF-β+, and IL-10+ level in the gingiva. We also cultured osteoclast precursor cells in the presence of RANKL and astragalus polysaccharide. Osteoclasto-like cells were identified by TRAP staining, mRNA of RANK, TRAP, and TRAF6 were evaluated by real time PCR. We found that astragalus polysaccharide caused significant protection of the alveolar bone via reducing local osteoclasts. It also decreased the proportion of CD4+Foxp3+ cells and upregulated the level of CD4+IL-10+ cells, reduced RANKL, and remedied IL-10 levels. In cell culture experiments, astragalus polysaccharide prohibited the RANKL mediated osteoclast differentiation. The findings of this study disclose the functions and possible mechanisms of astragalus polysaccharide engaged in local osteoclastogenesis, and reveal the considerable effect of astragalus polysaccharide in alveolar bone homeostasis and its likely contribution to host immuno-regulation in periodontitis.

• MeSH
• Astragalus ultrastruktura   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoklasty fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• parodontitida * metabolismus   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• polysacharidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Oral health is important not only due to the diseases emerging in the oral cavity but also due to the direct relation to systemic health. Thus, early and accurate characterization of the oral health status is of utmost importance. There are several salivary biomarkers as candidates for gingivitis and periodontitis, which are major oral health threats, affecting the gums. These need to be verified and validated for their potential use as differentiators of health, gingivitis and periodontitis status, before they are translated to chair-side for diagnostics and personalized monitoring. We aimed to measure 10 candidates using high sensitivity ELISAs in a well-controlled cohort of 127 individuals from three groups: periodontitis (60), gingivitis (31) and healthy (36). The statistical approaches included univariate statistical tests, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) with the corresponding Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. The main outcomes were that the combination of multiple biomarker assays, rather than the use of single ones, can offer a predictive accuracy of > 90% for gingivitis versus health groups; and 100% for periodontitis versus health and periodontitis versus gingivitis groups. Furthermore, ratios of biomarkers MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were also proven to be powerful differentiating values compared to the single biomarkers.

• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA metody   MeSH
• gingivitida diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 8 metabolismus   MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 9 metabolismus   MeSH
• orální zdraví * MeSH
• parodontitida diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• plocha pod křivkou MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• sliny metabolismus   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• tkáňový inhibitor metaloproteinasy 1 metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is characterized by nonfunctional neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) and fulminant periodontal inflammation of unknown cause. Here we investigated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-associated aggregation and cytokine/chemokine-release/degradation by normal and NSP-deficient human and mouse granulocytes. Stimulated with solid or soluble NET inducers, normal neutrophils formed aggregates and both released and degraded cytokines/chemokines. With increasing cell density, proteolytic degradation outweighed release. Maximum output of cytokines/chemokines occurred mostly at densities between 2 × 107 and 4 × 107 neutrophils/cm3. Assessment of neutrophil density in vivo showed that these concentrations are surpassed during inflammation. Association with aggregated NETs conferred protection of neutrophil elastase against α1-antitrypsin. In contrast, eosinophils did not influence cytokine/chemokine concentrations. The proteolytic degradation of inflammatory mediators seen in NETs was abrogated in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) neutrophils. In summary, neutrophil-driven proteolysis of inflammatory mediators works as a built-in safeguard for inflammation. The absence of this negative feedback mechanism might be responsible for the nonresolving periodontitis seen in PLS.-Hahn, J., Schauer, C., Czegley, C., Kling, L., Petru, L., Schmid, B., Weidner, D., Reinwald, C., Biermann, M. H. C., Blunder, S., Ernst, J., Lesner, A., Bäuerle, T., Palmisano, R., Christiansen, S., Herrmann, M., Bozec, A., Gruber, R., Schett, G., Hoffmann, M. H. Aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps resolve inflammation by proteolysis of cytokines and chemokines and protection from antiproteases.

• MeSH
• chemokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• extracelulární pasti metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory proteas metabolismus   MeSH
• ionomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina močová farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mediátory zánětu metabolismus   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasy genetika   MeSH
• neutrofily účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• parodontitida metabolismus   MeSH
• proteolýza MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát farmakologie   MeSH
• zánět prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Neutrophils play an important role as the central mediators of the innate immune defence response, providing the first line of host protection. It was shown that these cells can trap and kill various microorganisms through different ways. One of them is a release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) composed of chromatin fibrils and antimicrobial proteins. There is the evidence that the release of NETs does not have only a beneficial effect. NETs can trap and kill microorganisms and pathogens, however on the other hand the same pathway can also cause the damage of the organism by various mechanisms. NETs participate in the pathogenesis of a lot of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis, cystic fibrosis, periodontitis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and others. The aim of this review is to summarize information about the release of NETs and their beneficial, but also detrimental effect during various diseases. The better characterization and understanding of the dual role of NETosis during these diseases is necessary for the early diagnosis and more effective treatment.

• MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• autoimunitní nemoci imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• cystická fibróza imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• extracelulární pasti imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• neutrofily metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• parodontitida imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• zánět imunologie   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH

Our ability of screening broad communities for clinically asymptomatic diseases critically drives population health. Sensory chewing gums are presented targeting the tongue as 24/7 detector allowing diagnosis by "anyone, anywhere, anytime". The chewing gum contains peptide sensors consisting of a protease cleavable linker in between a bitter substance and a microparticle. Matrix metalloproteinases in the oral cavity, as upregulated in peri-implant disease, specifically target the protease cleavable linker while chewing the gum, thereby generating bitterness for detection by the tongue. The peptide sensors prove significant success in discriminating saliva collected from patients with peri-implant disease versus clinically asymptomatic volunteers. Superior outcome is demonstrated over commercially available protease-based tests in saliva. "Anyone, anywhere, anytime" diagnostics are within reach for oral inflammation. Expanding this platform technology to other diseases in the future features this diagnostic as a massive screening tool potentially maximizing impact on population health.Early detection of gum inflammation caused by dental implants helps prevent tissue damage. Here, the authors present a peptide sensor that generates a bitter taste when cleaved by proteases present in peri-implant disease, embed it in a chewing gum, and compare the probe to existing sensors using patient saliva.

• MeSH
• chuť * MeSH
• gingivitida diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixové metaloproteinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• parodontitida diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• peptidy metabolismus   MeSH
• sliny enzymologie   MeSH
• zubní implantáty * MeSH
• žvýkačka * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease of the teeth-supporting tissues in which genetic predisposition, dental plaque bacteria, and immune mechanisms all play important roles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of IL-4 gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis and to investigate the association between polymorphisms and cytokines production after bacterial stimulation. Sixty-two subjects (47 CP patients and 15 healthy controls) with detected two polymorphisms in the IL-4 gene (-590C/T and intron 3 VNTR) were examined. Production of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNFα, INFγ, and VEGF) was studied after in vitro stimulation of isolated peripheral blood by mitogens (Pokeweed mitogen, Concanavalin A), dental plaque bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia), and Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70 by the Luminex multiplex cytokine analysis system. The results were correlated with IL-4 genotypes in patients with CP and healthy controls. The mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood of CP patients with selected IL-4 polymorphisms significantly altered the production of IFNγ, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-1α, TNFα, and IL-6 after stimulation by HSP 70 or selected bacteria (from P < 0.001 to P < 0.05). IL-4 gene polymorphisms may influence the function of mononuclear cells to produce not only interleukin-4 but also other cytokines, especially in patients with CP.

• MeSH
• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• interleukin-4 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitogeny chemie   MeSH
• parodontitida metabolismus   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis MeSH
• Prevotella intermedia MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• zubní plak mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and is a member of more than 500 bacterial species that live in the oral cavity. This anaerobic bacterium is a natural member of the oral microbiome, yet it can become highly destructive (termed pathobiont) and proliferate to high cell numbers in periodontal lesions: this is attributed to its arsenal of specialized virulence factors. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of one of the main periodontal pathogens-Porphyromonas gingivalis. This bacterium, along with Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia, constitute the "red complex," a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. This review outlines Porphyromonas gingivalis structure, its metabolism, its ability to colonize the epithelial cells, and its influence upon the host immunity.

• MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi čeledi Bacteroidaceae imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• parodontitida imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis patogenita   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• gingiva patologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• oxid dusnatý antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• parodontitida farmakoterapie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• peroxidy metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky metabolismus   MeSH
• edém MeSH
• hyaluronoglukosaminidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• hydrokortison metabolismus   MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• parodontitida enzymologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zadní končetina MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Uvedeny tři případy syndromu benigní lipomelanotické dermopatické sinusoretikulosy, vyskytující se při akutním a chronickém revmatizmu, při alveolární pyorey a po erysipelu. Upozorněno na diagnostický význam maleninurie|při reaktivních revmatických retikulách. Terapeutické ovlivnění hyperpigmentace se podařilo masivními dávkami Niacinu a vitaminu C

• MeSH
• erysipel metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfatické nemoci diagnóza   metabolismus   moč   MeSH
• melaniny analýza   moč   MeSH
• parodontitida metabolismus   MeSH
• revmatické nemoci metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH