- MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence * účinky léků MeSH
- bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie MeSH
- bakteriofágy izolace a purifikace klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- fágová terapie * dějiny metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- profágy patogenita MeSH
- průmyslová mikrobiologie trendy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Myxobacteria belong to a group of bacteria that are known for their well-developed communication system and synchronized or coordinated movement. This typical behavior of myxobacteria is mediated through secondary metabolites. They are capable of producing secondary metabolites belonging to several chemical classes with unique and wide spectrum of bioactivities. It is predominantly significant that myxobacteria specialize in mechanisms of action that are very rare with other producers. Most of the metabolites have been explored for their medical and pharmaceutical values while a lot of them are still unexplored. This review is an attempt to understand the role of potential metabolites produced by myxobacteria in different applications. Different myxobacterial metabolites have demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties along with cytotoxic activity against various cell lines. Beside their metabolites, these myxobacteria have also been discussed for better exploitation and implementation in different industrial sectors.
The aim of this study is to summarize the current progress in the design of biocatalytic processes applicable for the production of optically pure mandelic acids and their analogues. These compounds are used as building blocks for pharmaceutical chemistry and as chiral resolving agents. Their enzymatic syntheses mainly employed nitrile hydrolysis with nitrilases, ester hydrolysis, ammonolysis or esterification with lipases or esterases, and ketone reduction or alcohol oxidation with dehydrogenases. Each of these methods will be characterized in terms of its product concentrations, enantioselectivities, and the types of catalysts used. This review will focus on the dynamic kinetic resolution of mandelonitrile and analogues by nitrilases resulting in the production of high concentrations of (R)-mandelic acid or (R)-2-chloromandelic acid with excellent e.e. Currently, there is no comparable process for (S)-mandelic acids. However, the coupling of the S-selective cyanation of benzaldehyde with the enantioretentive hydrolysis of (S)-mandelonitrile thus obtained is a promising strategy. The major product can be changed from (S)-acid to (S)-amide using nitrilase mutants. The competitiveness of the biocatalytic and chemical processes will be assessed. This review covers the literature published within 2003-2017.
Jednorázové systémy se v poslední době stále častěji využívají v průmyslu, kde donedávna dominovaly pouze nerezové bioreaktory a příslušenství. Oproti nerezovým systémům umožňují zvýšit počet produkčních cyklů za rok díky zkrácení čistění, výrazně snížit riziko kontaminace a kross-kontaminace při přechodu na jiný produkt a téměř na polovinu snížit potřebné investiční náklady. Díky postupujícímu vývoji jednorázových systémů je již nyní možné postavit celou produkční linku z jednorázových komponent.
Single-use systems have been recently increasingly used in industry which was dominated by stainless steel bioreactors and accessories. They manage to increase the number of production cycles per year through reduced cleaning, significantly reduce the risk of contamination and cross-contamination when switching to another product, and almost halve the required investment costs. The progressive development of single-use systems makes now possible to build a production line from single-use components only.
Kyselina hyaluronová je nesulfátovaný glykosaminoglykan, který se skládá z opakujících se jednotek disacharidů kyseliny D -glukuronové a N -acetyl- D -glukosaminu, spojených (1 ➝ 3)- a (1 ➝ 4)- β - D -glykosidovou vazbou. Tento polysacharid je hlavní složkou mezibuněčné hmoty. Kyselina hyaluronová se jako signální molekula také účastní imunologických procesů. Díky svým unikátním vlastnostem jako je biokompatibilita, hydrofilita nebo viskoelasticita je kyselina hyaluronová velice cenným biopolymerem v medicíně, například v oční a plastické chirurgii, dále je také využívána v kosmetickém průmyslu a potravinářství. V současné době se kyselina hyaluronová komerčně získává především mikrobiální fermentací pomocí bakteriálního kmene Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus . Ke kultivaci se obecně používá syntetické médium obsahující glukosu a kvasničný extrakt. Byly testovány také některé zdroje zemědělského původu, které by mohly nahradit toto médium a být dále využity jako zdroj bioenergie nebo pro přípravu cenných bioproduktů.
Hyaluronic acid is non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan which is composed of alternating disaccharide units of D -glucuronic acid and N -ace- tyl- D -glucosamine joined by (1 ➝ 3)- and (1 ➝ 4)- β - D -glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is abundant in the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronic acid as a signal molecule also participates immunological process. Thanks to its unique properties such as biocompatibility, hydrofility or viscoelasticity hyaluronic acid is very valuable medical biopolymer (e.g. in eye surgery and plastic surgery) and it is also used in the cosmetic and food industry. Currently hyaluronic acid is commercially obtained by microbial fermentation of the path ogenic Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus . For cultivation is generally used synthetic cultivation medium containing glucose and yeast extrakt. Some agricultural resources derivates which can be converted into bioenergy or valuable bioproducts were also tested as a compensation for synthetic medium.
- MeSH
- farmaceutický průmysl MeSH
- fermentace imunologie MeSH
- imunitní systém MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oftalmologie MeSH
- ortopedické výkony MeSH
- potravinářské přísady MeSH
- průmyslová mikrobiologie metody trendy MeSH
- Streptococcus equi růst a vývoj MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
This paper summarizes research results and their industrial applications obtained by continuous culture in the former Czechoslovakia. Past achievements as well as recent trends and developments worldwide are presented. The term "Prague School of continuous culture" is put forward and its international activity is outlined. The impact of this school was pervasive across the entire field of applied microbiology and biotechnology in Czechoslovakia and, perhaps, even beyond the country's borders. Continuous culture is a very mature field, and since its establishment it has become a powerful research tool. The present activity in this field amounts to a renaissance of continuous culture, emphasizing new dimensions in bioinformatics and systems biology.
- MeSH
- akademie a ústavy MeSH
- biotechnologie dějiny trendy MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
- průmyslová mikrobiologie dějiny trendy MeSH
- systémová biologie MeSH
- výpočetní biologie MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
