Blood is a complex biological matrix providing valuable information on nutritional, metabolic, and immune status. The detection of blood biomarkers requires sensitive analytical methods because analytes are at very low concentrations. Peripheral blood monocytes play a crucial role in inflammatory processes, and the metabolites released by monocytes during these processes might serve as important signalling molecules and biomarkers of particular physiological states. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with two different mass spectrometric platforms, two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D-GC/TOF-MS) and one-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry (GC/Orbitrap-MS), were applied for the investigation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by human peripheral blood monocytes. An optimized method was subsequently applied for the characterization of changes in VOCs induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and zymosan (ZYM) stimulation. Overall, the 2D-GC/TOF-MS and the 1D-GC/Orbitrap-MS analyses each yielded about 4000 and 400 peaks per sample, respectively. In total, 91 VOCs belonging to eight different chemical classes were identified. The samples were collected in two fractions, conditioned media for monitoring extracellularly secreted molecules and cell pellet samples to determine the intracellular composition of VOCs. Alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons were the main chemical classes of the metabolic profile identified in cell fractions. Aldehydes, acids and cyclic compounds were characteristic of the conditioned media fraction. Here we demonstrate that HS-SPME-2D-GC/TOF-MS is more suitable for the identification of specific VOC profiles produced by human monocytes than 1D-GC/Orbitrap-MS. We define the signature of VOCs occurring early after monocyte activation and characterise the signalling compounds released by immune cells into media.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroextrakce na pevné fázi MeSH
- monocyty metabolismus MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí metody MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny * analýza izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
An analysis of the toxic effects of emissions should reflect real traffic conditions. The exhaust emissions of particulate matter from diesel engines strongly depend on their operating conditions, with low-speed, low-load "urban creep" conditions, common for truck traffic in heavily congested urban areas, being one of the worst. We aimed to detect the genotoxicity of organic extracts from particulate matter in the exhaust of the diesel engine Zetor 1505 running on diesel and biodiesel (B100) fuels at characteristic modes of extended "urban creep", typical for transit truck traffic in Prague, comparing the first 5 min of idling with extended (20-80 min) idling, full load after idle, "stabilized" full load, and 30% load. The diluted exhaust was sampled with high volume samplers on glass fiber fluorocarbon coated filters. The filters were extracted with dichloromethane and DNA damage was analyzed in A549 cells using comet assay, with the inclusion of formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) and endonuclease III (ENDOIII) to recognize oxidized DNA bases. The cells were exposed to extractable organic matter (EOM) for 4 and 24 h at non-cytotoxic dose corresponding to 0.001 m3 of undiluted exhaust gas per ml cell media. At the 4 h exposure interval, all samples from B100 and diesel emissions induced DNA damage. EOM from the extended idle engine mode exerted the strongest genotoxic effect for both fuels. Twenty hours later, the cells exposed to diesel EOM exhibited a further increase of DNA strand breaks compared to the preceding interval. In contrast, DNA damage seemed to be fully repaired in cells treated with EOM derived from biodiesel B100. The preliminary results suggest that (i) diesel emissions are more genotoxic than the emissions from B100, (ii) biodiesel induced DNA lesions are repaired within 24 h.
- MeSH
- benzin analýza toxicita MeSH
- biopaliva analýza toxicita MeSH
- buňky A549 MeSH
- chemická frakcionace metody MeSH
- karcinogeny životního prostředí analýza toxicita MeSH
- kometový test MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- pevné částice toxicita MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky izolace a purifikace toxicita MeSH
- poškození DNA MeSH
- rozpouštědla MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny izolace a purifikace toxicita MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- výfukové emise vozidel analýza toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Instrumental human scent analysis is undoubtedly desirable for many forensic as well medical applications. Most of the previous human scent studies were focused on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which were analysed by head space solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). This method is, however, significantly less sensitive to "heavier" less volatile compounds emitted from the human skin. These less volatile organic scent molecules probably create the basis of the individual human scent signature, and therefore, our attention is focused mainly on these "heavier" compounds. The human scent was adsorbed onto purified glass beads and samples were prepared as hexane solutions obtained by extraction from the sampled glass beads. To resolve a lot of very similar molecules, the comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GCxGC-TOFMS) was used to analyse the hexane scent solutions. Using this technique, more than 137 less volatile molecules including organic fatty acids, ketones, aldehydes, simple esters, alcohols, and especially various fatty acid esters with different carbon chains were identified. A considerable number of these molecules were identified in the scent samples for the first time.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroextrakce na pevné fázi metody MeSH
- pleťový krém chemie MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Truffles are prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi. The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.). We tried to answer the question: what is the impact of the environment on the truffle quality. To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. A comparison of the above mentioned compounds is especially interesting due to environmental and climatic differences among the studied geographical regions. Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. In turn, Polish specimens had higher content of lipids and polyphenolics than Slovak and Italian ones. We have found higher similarity of volatile compounds composition between Polish and Italian specimens than those of Polish and Slovak origin.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota chemie MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- fungální proteiny chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lipidy chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- polyfenoly chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- polysacharidy chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- steroly chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Itálie MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
In this paper volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from durum wheat cultivars and landraces were analyzed using PTR-TOF-MS. The aim was to characterize the VOC's profile of the wholemeal flour and of the kernel to find out if any VOCs were specific to varieties and sample matrices. The VOC data is accompanied by SDS-PAGE analyses of the storage proteins (gliadins and glutenins). Statistical analyses was carried out both on the signals obtained by MS and on the protein profiles. The difference between the VOC profile of two cultivars or two preparations of the same sample - matrices, in this case kernel vs wholemeal flour - can be very subtle; the high resolution of PTR-TOF-MS - down to levels as low as pptv - made it possible to recognize these differences. The effects of grinding on the VOC profiles were analyzed using SIMPER and Tanglegram statistical methods. Our results show that it is possible describe samples using VOC profiles and protein data.
- MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- gliadin izolace a purifikace MeSH
- gluteny izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mouka analýza MeSH
- pšenice chemie klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- semena rostlinná chemie metabolismus MeSH
- šlechtění rostlin MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Itálie MeSH
