We studied the effects of social rank on the haematologic profile in a herd of 24 female Iberian red deer hinds. Social rank hierarchy was determined and blood samples were taken and analysed. After adjusting for age and body mass, dominance ranking showed a significant negative effect (ie, lower values in dominant hinds) on white blood cell (WBC) count, haemoglobin and haematocrit. Our results are similar to those reported for stressed individuals due to physical immobilisation, but do not support the predicted enhanced erythropoiesis due to higher levels of androgens. The results for WBC numbers may also reflect that subordinate hinds must allocate a higher amount of resources to immunity as a result of injuries incurred from dominant hinds, while simultaneously facing restricted access to food sources. For red blood cell (RBC) counts, the results may be due to subordinate hinds likely needing increased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels for fast flight responses. Our data show that social rank influences haematologic profile, and thus it should be considered when correctly interpreting blood analyses in social cervid species.

• MeSH
• sociální hierarchie * MeSH
• vysoká zvěř krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Abscesses of odontogenic origin in guinea pigs pose a serious health problem and need to be treated with a combination of surgical and medical therapy. The aim of this prospective study was to describe the microbial flora of odontogenic abscesses associated with osteomyelitis in 24 pet guinea pigs, to perform antibiotic sensitivity testing, and to make recommendations for practitioners on the antibiotics of first choice. Inclusion criteria for the study included the animal being diagnosed with an odontogenic abscess which underwent surgery and was not pre-treated with an antibiotic. Inclusion criteria matched for 24 guinea pigs. Samples (pus, capsule and affected tooth/bone) for bacteriological examination were collected under sterile conditions during the surgical procedure. The most commonly isolated bacteria from abscesses of odontogenic origin were Bacteroides fragilis in 12.8 per cent (6/47) of cases, Pasteurella multocida in 10.6 per cent (5/47) and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius in 8.5 per cent (4/47). Aerobic bacterial species only were isolated in 29.2 per cent (7/24) of cases, anaerobic bacteria only were isolated in 33.3 per cent (8/24), and mixed infection with anaerobic and aerobic bacterial species was seen in 37.5 per cent (9/24). Aerobes (n=20) were sensitive to enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in 100 per cent of samples, benzylpenicillin potassium (penicillin G, PNCG) in 90 per cent, cephalotin in 85 per cent, amoxicillin-clavulanate in 75 per cent, doxycycline in 70 per cent, gentamicin in 65 per cent and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 55 per cent. Anaerobes (n=27) were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate in 100 per cent of cases, clindamycin in 96.3 per cent, metronidazole in 92.6 per cent, PNCG in 92.6 per cent and cephalotin in 74.1 per cent. As guinea pigs are strictly herbivorous animals, based on the results of this study the recommended antibiotic treatment for odontogenic abscesses is a combination of fluoroquinolones and metronidazole.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• domácí zvířata * MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti veterinární   MeSH
• morčata * MeSH
• osteomyelitida mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• parodontální absces farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata * MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   krev   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• injekce intramuskulární veterinární   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• penicilin G aplikace a dávkování   krev   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term intravenous anaesthesia with alfaxalone in chelonians. In the first part of the study, alfaxalone at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg was administered intravenously to 10 adult female red-eared terrapins (Trachemys scripta elegans) following 24 hours of fasting. The induction time, tracheal tube insertion time, surgical plane of anaesthesia interval, and full recovery time were recorded. The head, neck and leg withdrawal reflex was lost within 21.09±8.07 seconds. The mean tracheal tube insertion time, the time of surgical plane of anaesthesia and full recovery time were 27.50±12.96 seconds, 26.40±4.72 minutes and 33.70±4.76 minutes, respectively. In the second part of the study, 50 chelonians (20 red-eared terrapins, 10 Hermann's tortoises, eight spur-thighed tortoises, six marginated tortoises and six Russian tortoises) were treated intravenously with 5 mg/kg alfaxalone after administration of 1 mg/kg meloxicam and 2 mg/kg butorphanol intramuscularly. The head, neck and leg withdrawal reflex was lost within 21.52±6.57 seconds, the endotracheal tube could be inserted within 25.76±8.24 seconds, and the time to deep pain sensation loss was 29.46±9.67 seconds. Intravenous use of alfaxalone proved to be a suitable method of induction for inhalation anaesthesia in terrapins and tortoises.

• MeSH
• anestetika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• anestezie metody   veterinární   MeSH
• pregnandiony terapeutické užití   MeSH
• premedikace anestezie veterinární   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• želvy * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The Heads of Medicines Agencies and the Federation of Veterinarians of Europe undertook a survey to gain an insight into European prescribing of antibiotics for animals, in particular to highlight the diseases for which antibiotics are most commonly said to be prescribed and which different classes, including human critically important antibiotics (CIAs). The survey was completed by 3004 practitioners from 25 European countries. Many older antibiotics (eg, penicillins, tetracyclines) are cited most frequently as the prescribed classes to treat the main food producing species. The frequency of citation of non-CIAs predominates. CIAs are mostly frequently cited to be prescribed for: urinary diseases in cats (62 per cent), respiratory diseases in cattle (45 per cent), diarrhoea in cattle and pigs (respectively 29 per cent and 34 per cent), locomotion disorders in cattle (31 per cent), postpartum dysgalactia syndrome complex in pigs (31 per cent) and dental disease in dogs (36 per cent). Clear 'preferences' between countries can be observed between antibiotic classes. The use of national formularies and guidance helps to drive responsible use of antibiotics and can significantly reduce the extent of use of CIAs. A more widespread introduction of veterinary practice antibiotic prescribing policies and monitoring obedience to these should ensure more widespread compliance with responsible use guidelines.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie   veterinární   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• koně MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• psi MeSH
• skot MeSH
• veterináři * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psi MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

The medical records of 28 horses with guttural pouch mycosis were reviewed. The most commonly observed clinical signs were nasal discharge, epistaxis, dysphagia and/or cough. All 28 horses had the disease unilaterally, however, in five of them, it had spread into the contralateral pouch via the mesial septum. Three horses were treated medically, 11 horses underwent surgery and seven horses were treated both medically and surgically. Fifty percent of horses (14/28) were euthanased or died, fifty percent of horses (14/28) survived. There was no significant correlation between treatment method (medical, surgical, combination) and survival rate. The most common reason for euthanasia was dysphagia due to pharyngeal dysfunction. There was a highly significant correlation between the presence of dysphagia and non-survival (p=0.008).

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• antifungální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie veterinární   MeSH
• koně MeSH
• mykózy komplikace   patologie   terapie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci koní mikrobiologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• otorinolaryngologické nemoci komplikace   patologie   terapie   veterinární   MeSH
• poruchy polykání etiologie   mortalita   veterinární   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Thirty-five juvenile (mean age 6.3 weeks) and 35 adult (mean age 2.0 years) healthy degus (Octodon degus) were studied to investigate selected haematological and plasma biochemistry parameters. Animals were anaesthetised with isoflurane, and blood was withdrawn from the cranial vena cava. Erythrocyte, haematocrit and neutrophil counts (including the percentage of neutrophils) were significantly higher in the adult degus than in the juveniles. In contrast, the reticulocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, number of platelets and percentage of lymphocytes were significantly lower in the adult animals. Total protein and globulin levels were significantly higher in the adult degus. The albumin:globulin ratio and plasma levels of urea nitrogen, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, potassium, total calcium and inorganic phosphorus were significantly lower in adults than in juveniles.

• MeSH
• alanintransaminasa krev   MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa krev   MeSH
• aspartátaminotransferasy krev   MeSH
• biochemická analýza krve veterinární   MeSH
• erytrocytární znaky veterinární   MeSH
• hematologické testy veterinární   MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• objem erytrocytu veterinární   MeSH
• Octodon krev   MeSH
• počet leukocytů veterinární   MeSH
• počet lymfocytů veterinární   MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• sérový albumin MeSH
• stárnutí krev   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The impact of pelleted diets with different mineral compositions on the crown size of the mandibular cheek teeth, as well as the mandibular bone and cheek teeth density, in degus (Octodon degus) was investigated. A total of 28 animals were randomly divided into four groups and fed different calcium or phosphorous dietary content, in the presence or absence of UV light, for 14 months. Dental radiographs and CT images of the head were taken, and the crown size of premolar and molar teeth was recorded. Apical and coronal crown elongation of all cheek teeth and significantly smaller relative cheek teeth and mandibular densities were recorded in degus fed a high-phosphorus diet with an improper calcium:phosphorus ratio. A diet with a calcium:phosphorus ratio of 1:1 was also responsible for the rapid development of dental disease with subsequent severe health impairment.

• MeSH
• dieta veterinární   MeSH
• fosfor dietní aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• kostní denzita účinky léků   účinky záření   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata analýza   MeSH
• mandibula účinky léků   účinky záření   radiografie   MeSH
• minerály analýza   MeSH
• moláry účinky léků   účinky záření   MeSH
• nemoci hlodavců etiologie   MeSH
• Octodon MeSH
• stomatologické nemoci etiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• vápník dietní aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• zubní korunka (anatomie) účinky léků   účinky záření   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of clonal spread of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae resistant to pleuromutilins (tiamulin, valnemulin) on farms in the Czech Republic. Agar dilution method and macrorestriction fragment profile analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis were used to characterise 35 B hyodysenteriae isolates that were obtained from clinical cases of swine dysentery on 32 farms between 2000 and 2005. Most isolates showed multiple resistances to tiamulin, valnemulin, tylosin and lincomycin. A total of six pulsotypes were detected in these multiresistant isolates. An analysis of epidemiological data showed that multiresistant B hyodysenteriae isolates were more often detected on fattening farms (59 per cent), compared with farms with other types of production. Furthermore, it was found that multiresistant B hyodysenteriae clones were most frequently selected on farms with endemic incidence of swine dysentery. This finding was confirmed by the characterisation of 21 B hyodysenteriae isolates obtained from three large-scale operations in seven consecutive years.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Brachyspira hyodysenteriae účinky léků   růst a vývoj   patogenita   MeSH
• dyzenterie farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   přenos   veterinární   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti veterinární   MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• nemoci prasat farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   přenos   MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií veterinární   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza veterinární   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Twelve confirmed cases of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA) and five additional suspected cases, showing a compatible clinical history and specific IgG titres of 1280 or above, were recorded in the Czech Republic during the period 2002 to 2008. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs, the detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum morulae in neutrophils in blood smears, serology and molecular methods. Pyrexia (39.8 to 41.3 degrees C), depression, partial or total anorexia, limb oedema and icterus were the most frequently observed clinical abnormalities. Haematological examination revealed thrombocytopenia in all the horses, and mild anaemia and leucopenia in five of them. Several horses showed high titres of specific antibodies immediately after onset of the disease, suggesting that they had previously been exposed to A phagocytophilum. Genotyping of the A phagocytophilum strains distinguished two genetic variants, with divergence in the sequence of the ank gene of the bacterium, circulating in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• Anaplasma phagocytophilum genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• ehrlichióza epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• koně MeSH
• nemoci koní epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH