The Gram-negative, obligate intracellular tick-transmitted pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum can cause acute febrile diseases in humans and domestic animals. The expansion of the tick Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) in northern Europe due to climate change is of serious concern for animal and human health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of A. phagocytophilum infection in moose Alces alces (Linnaeus) calves by evaluating the carcass weights of infected and non-infected animals and examining animal tissues samples for co-infections with either species of Babesia Starcovici, 1893 or bacteria of the genus Bartonella. The carcasses of 68 free-ranging moose calves were weighed by hunters during the hunting seasons from 2014 to 2017 in two regions in southern Norway and spleen samples were collected. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in moose sampled from locations infected with ticks with a prevalence of 82% (n = 46). The carcass weights of A. phagocytophilum-infected calves (n = 46) and non-infected (n = 22) calves were compared. Although the average weight of infected calves (45.6 kg) was lower than that of non-infected calves (46.5 kg), the difference was not statistically significant. Three different variants of the bacterium 16S rRNA gene were identified. The average weight of animals infected with variant I was 49.9 kg, whereas that of animals infected with variant III was 42.0 kg, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.077). Co-infections of A. phagocytophilum with Bartonella spp. or with Babesia spp. were found in 20 and two calves, respectively. A triple infection was found in two calves. Sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia-positive samples revealed the presence of Babesia cf. odocoilei (Emerson et Wright, 1970). Strains of Bartonella closely related to Bartonella bovis (Bermond, Boulouis, Heller, Laere, Monteil, Chomel, Sander, Dehio et Piemont, 2002) were identified based on phylogenetic analysis of the gltA and rpoB genes. The loss of body mass in moose calves in the tick-infected site was probably influenced by multiple factors.
- MeSH
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum * klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Babesia genetika MeSH
- Bartonella genetika MeSH
- DNA bakterií chemie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- ehrlichióza komplikace epidemiologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- oligonukleotidy chemie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- slezina mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- vysoká zvěř * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Norsko MeSH
Tick saliva contains a number of effector molecules that inhibit host immunity and facilitate pathogen transmission. How tick proteins regulate immune signaling, however, is incompletely understood. Here, we describe that loop 2 of sialostatin L2, an anti-inflammatory tick protein, binds to annexin A2 and impairs the formation of the NLRC4 inflammasome during infection with the rickettsial agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum Macrophages deficient in annexin A2 secreted significantly smaller amounts of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and had a defect in NLRC4 inflammasome oligomerization and caspase-1 activation. Accordingly, Annexin a2-deficient mice were more susceptible to A. phagocytophilum infection and showed splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and monocytopenia. Providing translational support to our findings, better binding of annexin A2 to sialostatin L2 in sera from 21 out of 23 infected patients than in sera from control individuals was also demonstrated. Overall, we establish a unique mode of inflammasome evasion by a pathogen, centered on a blood-feeding arthropod.
- MeSH
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum genetika imunologie MeSH
- annexin A2 chemie genetika imunologie MeSH
- arachnida jako vektory chemie genetika imunologie MeSH
- cystatiny chemie genetika imunologie MeSH
- ehrlichióza imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika metabolismus MeSH
- imunitní únik * MeSH
- inflamasomy genetika imunologie MeSH
- interleukin-18 genetika imunologie MeSH
- interleukin-1beta genetika imunologie MeSH
- kaspasa 1 genetika imunologie MeSH
- kaspasy genetika imunologie MeSH
- klíště chemie genetika imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágy imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- myši MeSH
- protein - isoformy chemie genetika imunologie MeSH
- proteiny regulující apoptózu chemie genetika imunologie MeSH
- proteiny vázající vápník chemie genetika imunologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny chemie genetika imunologie MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Twelve confirmed cases of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA) and five additional suspected cases, showing a compatible clinical history and specific IgG titres of 1280 or above, were recorded in the Czech Republic during the period 2002 to 2008. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs, the detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum morulae in neutrophils in blood smears, serology and molecular methods. Pyrexia (39.8 to 41.3 degrees C), depression, partial or total anorexia, limb oedema and icterus were the most frequently observed clinical abnormalities. Haematological examination revealed thrombocytopenia in all the horses, and mild anaemia and leucopenia in five of them. Several horses showed high titres of specific antibodies immediately after onset of the disease, suggesting that they had previously been exposed to A phagocytophilum. Genotyping of the A phagocytophilum strains distinguished two genetic variants, with divergence in the sequence of the ank gene of the bacterium, circulating in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum genetika imunologie MeSH
- ehrlichióza epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- koně MeSH
- nemoci koní epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální krev MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Lidská ehrlichióza je nová, klíšťaty přenášená zoonóza, způsobená zástupci rodu Ehrlichia. Jedná se o velmi malé, obligátně intracelulámí, gramnegalivní bakterie. Lidskou monocylámí ehrlichiózu způsobuje E. chaffeensis, příčinou granulocylámí formy je HGE agens. Tato málo častá onemocnění se vyskytují ve Spojených státech, v Evropě byly popsány zatím dva klinické případy monocylámí ehriichiózy a pouze jedna granulocylámí ehrlichióza. Mezi hlavní klinické příznaky patří horečka, únava, faryngitida, bolesti svalů, kloubů a hlavy. V určitém procentu případů dochází k postižení jednoho nebo více orgánů. Tylo symptomy doprovázejí laboratorní odchylky, zejména leukopenie, anémie, trombocytopenie a elevace jatemích enzymů. Průběh kolísá od asymplomatického po fatální, těžší je u predisponovaných jedinců (starší osoby, imunologicky oslabené osoby, jedinci oslabení jiným onemocněním). Laboratorní diagnostika infekce se opírá o průkaz protilátek nepřímou imunofluorescencí (IPA) a průkaz specifické nukleové kyseliny polymerázovou řetězovou reakcí (PCR reakce). Pro terapii je dopomčován doxycyklin, u alergických pacientů se podává rifampicin.
Human ehrlichiosis is a new lick-borne zoonosis caused by members of the genus Ehrlichia. They are very small gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria. Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by E. chajfeensis, the cause of the granulocytic form is the HGE agent. These diseases are infrequenl and occur in the United Slates. In Europe, so far, two clinical cases of monocytic ehriichiosis and only one case of the granulocytic form were described. The chief clinical signs of ihe disease are: fever, fatigue, sore throat, pains in muscles and joints, headache. In a certain number of cases one or more systemic organs can be affected. The symptoms are accompanied by changes in laboratory test values, namely leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, higher levels of liver enzyme activities. The course of the disease varies from asymptomatic forms to that with a fatal outcome. In predisposed persons, i.e., in the elderly, in the immunocompromised or otherwise debilated individuals, the course of the disease is grave. Laboratory diagnostics of the disease is based on the detection of antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and the detection of specific nucleic acid by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Doxycycline is recommended for treatment; rifampicin is administered to allergic patients.
- MeSH
- Anaplasmataceae klasifikace účinky léků MeSH
- chloramfenikol terapeutické užití MeSH
- ehrlichióza etiologie farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- granulocyty mikrobiologie MeSH
- klíšťata mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monocyty mikrobiologie MeSH
- tetracyklin terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Celkem 276 pacientů ze středních Čech s pozitivním sérologickým testem na lymeskou boreliózu bylo vyšetřeno nepřímou imunofluorescenční metodou na přítomnost protilátek proti granulo- cytárním ehrlichiím. Celková zjištěná pozitivita byla 6,5% s výraznou kumulací případů do května-června a vyšší prevalencí protilátek u starších osob bez rozdílu pohlaví. Význam této nákazy u nás mohou objasnit další epidemiologické a klinické studie.
Altogether 276 patients from Central Bohemia seropositive for Lyme borreliosis were tested for the presence of antibodies against granulocytic ehrlichiae by the indirect immunofluorescence method. Overall 6.5% seropositivity was recorded, a marked cluster of cases occurred during May-June, and an increased seroprevalence was exhibited by elders regardless of sex. The importance of this disease should be elucidated by further epidemiological and clinical studies.
