In this study we reviewed the use of viral vectors for delivery of drugs and genes. Viruses are monouniformic and they can be easily produced in high yield. The drug encapsulation into viral capsid differs based on the viral species used. Some viruses undergo pH dependent swelling due to the change in pH or ions concentration of surrounding solution. In others, drug can intercalate into viral nucleic acid. This work was focused on often studied viruses, adenoviruses, plant viruses (CPMV, CCMV and RCNMV) or bacteriophages (MS2 or M13).
- Keywords
- enkapsulace léčiv,
- MeSH
- Adenoviridae MeSH
- Bacteriophage M13 MeSH
- Bromovirus MeSH
- Comovirus MeSH
- Drug Delivery Systems * MeSH
- Levivirus MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nanoparticles MeSH
- Tombusviridae MeSH
- Virosomes * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
Turnip ringspot virus (TuRSV) has been proposed to be a member of a new species in the genus Comovirus. Its remarkable host-range similarity to radish mosaic virus (RaMV) may have led to its misrecognition in the past. Findings from both sequence analysis and serological tests support the assignment of TuRSV to a new comovirus species. In addition, phylogenetic analysis suggests that the two genome segments of some TuRSV isolates have a heterogeneous origin.
- MeSH
- Brassica napus MeSH
- Comovirus classification genetics immunology isolation & purification MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Plant Diseases virology MeSH
- Raphanus MeSH
- RNA, Viral genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Serotyping MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) co-polymers containing disulfide and carbonyl thiazolidine-2-thione (TT) reactive groups in their side-chains (pHPMA-TT) were used as reductively removable chemical modification of the surface of cowpea mosaic viruses (CPMV). CPMV was used in this study as a model particle for viral gene delivery. The co-polymer reaction with CPMV surfaces carried out in aqueous solution was evaluated by monitoring the changes in the weight-average molecular weight and hydrodynamic size of the viruses using light scattering methods. The reaction conditions were optimized. The surface modification of CPMV with pHPMA-TT under selected conditions (concentrations of a coating polymer (c(p)) and NaCl) has not influenced the size distribution of the viral particles. The uncharged polymers bound to the viral surface via biodegradable S-S bonds can be fully removed by the exchange reaction with reductive dithiothreitol. To achieve optimal covering of viral surfaces, the positively charged reactive polymers (with or without biodegradable S-S bonds) should be applied at low concentrations (c(p)=0.1-0.5 mg/ml) and in presence of NaCl (0.15 M).
- MeSH
- Biocompatible Materials chemical synthesis chemistry MeSH
- Biomimetics MeSH
- Comovirus chemistry MeSH
- Disulfides chemistry MeSH
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions MeSH
- Intracellular Space metabolism MeSH
- Methacrylates chemistry MeSH
- Polymers chemical synthesis chemistry MeSH
- Surface Properties MeSH
- Thiazolidines chemistry MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The complete genome sequence of a severe isolate of broad bean true mosaic virus (genus Comovirus, subfamily Comovirinae, family Secoviridae) is presented. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the capsid proteins and the polymerase showed striking differences to other comoviruses and highest similarities to legume-infecting comoviruses. Red clover mottle virus was recognized as the most similar virus with amino acid sequence identities ranging from 43 to 67% for individual genes.
The intraspecies variability of capsid proteins of five viruses of the genus Comovirus was established. Inclusion of both capsid proteins to the sequence analysis reduces some uncertainties about species/strains demarcation criteria in the Comovirus genus. New approach is proposed for discrimination of Turnip ringspot virus as a separate species.
