In recent years, MALDI imaging mass spectrometry, also known as MALDI imaging or MALDI MSI, has been getting wider recognition thanks to an increasing number of studies devoted to various tumor markers, comparing 2D mass maps of healthy and diseased tissue sections. By determining the spatial distribution of markers in the tissue we step forward to clarify the physiological processes in tumors and to better understand them. Moreover, by combining 2D mass maps with microscopic photos of the sections from histology, we get a more comprehensive picture of the distribution of the examined analytes. However, one of the disadvantages of MALDI imaging is a complicated ionization of analytes in a complex matrix of tissues and thus low detection limits. In this paper we report on the current state of MALDI imaging in oncology research. Development option of this method in the near future is outlined according to authors’ opinion.
- MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- histocytologické preparační techniky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery * analýza MeSH
- nádory * patofyziologie MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice * metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- technika sekvenování, rychlá a přesná diagnostika, nové patogeny,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky ekonomika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- bakteriální infekce * diagnóza etiologie mikrobiologie mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
- bakteriální nemoci kůže * MeSH
- infekce v ráně * diagnóza etiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- kultivační techniky * metody využití MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce * metody trendy využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární biologie * metody trendy MeSH
- rychlé screeningové testy metody využití MeSH
- sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů * metody využití MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice * metody využití MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií * klasifikace metody využití MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování metody využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Influenza viruses compared to other viruses are characterized by considerable genetic variability. From the view of the ability of the virus to infect the host cell the determining factor is the structure of the surface antigens of the virus and the host cell receptor structure. To change the preferential binding of the virus to various cell receptors just one amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemagglutinin is enough. The cause of this change in the antigenic properties is either the antigenic shift or antigenic shift. Thereby, new influenza strains with new antigenic type can develop very quickly and a human population is not capable to immunologically distinguished it with sufficient speed. Yet widely used drugs are increasingly perceived as controversial, due to their declining benefits and vice versa to growing negative effects. And despite considerable progress in the research of influenza viruses and their receptors at the molecular and structural level no sufficiently effective alternative has not been introduced yet.
- MeSH
- antigenní variace MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie MeSH
- chřipka lidská * MeSH
- hemaglutininové glykoproteiny viru chřipky MeSH
- hemaglutininy virové * MeSH
- kyseliny sialové * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- virové receptory MeSH
- virus chřipky A patogenita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
A nanopore-based devices are extremely sensitive analytical techniques, which uses the electrophoretic translocation of molecules in solution through a nano-scale pores. The nanopores, which mimic the functions of natural ion channels, seems to be the promissing tool for future fast and low-cost DNA sequencing. However, some difficulties in generating usable sequence data have to be solved. In this article the nanopores were reviewed. In the first part the development of nanopore technique was described and the ubiquitous presence of nanopores in living cells was highlighted. Next, the most important part of the principles of nanopore analysis was described, and the knowledges about biological and solid-state nanopores were summarized. Also the pros and cons of both kinds of nanopores and different approaches designed to circumvent the issues were mentioned.
- Klíčová slova
- biopóry, solid-state nanopóry,
- MeSH
- hemolyziny MeSH
- nanopóry * MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Organisms can produce substances which act as protection against the negative effects of microorganisms. Many of these substances belong among the peptides and represent an important mechanism of innate immunity. Peptides having activity against bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses and cancer are collectively referred to as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotic treatment, AMPs come to the forefront as a suitable alternative. Out of an antimicrobial activity, also the possible use for the treatment of fungal, parasite and virus diseases are studied. Also it has a significant potential use for the treatment of cancer, as some AMPs demonstrated significant antitumor activity.
- Klíčová slova
- protinádorová aktivita, antimikrobiální aktivita,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * MeSH
- antifungální látky MeSH
- antimikrobiální peptidy MeSH
- antiparazitární látky MeSH
- antitumorózní látky * MeSH
- antivirové látky MeSH
- kationické antimikrobiální peptidy farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- peptidy * farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Influenza spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics and it is caused by a variety of species and strains of viruses, in any given year some strains can die out while others create epidemics, while yet another strain can cause a pandemic. The peptides may present the new generation of antiviral drugs with the broad spectrum of activity. The antiviral effects depend on their structure as well as the target part of the virus. We showed the manner of action of peptides on the influenza virus. The entry blocker peptides interact with hemagglutinin and inhibit the viral fusion. Furthermore the peptides are capable to disrupt viral envelope or block the viral replication. The perceptivity of therapeutic peptides is supported by wild abilities of their synthesis, possibility of modifications, synthesis for specific action, minimizing the emergence of resistance. Clearly, all these studies are promising, and need to be expanded.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie chemická syntéza MeSH
- chřipka lidská farmakoterapie MeSH
- hemaglutininové glykoproteiny viru chřipky účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- peptidy farmakologie chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- proteiny virového obalu MeSH
- replikace viru účinky léků MeSH
- RNA virová účinky léků MeSH
- virus chřipky A účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
This review is focused on identification of bacterial species by their antigenes by barcoding oligonucleotides by application of magnetic micro and nanoparticles. In the first part of this review is discussed the structures and types of magnetic particles and their synthesis. In the next and the most important part we described the principle and the existing status of barcoding system and antigenes markers for identification of organisms such as animals, plants and microorganisms.
- Klíčová slova
- biobarcode assay, magnetické mikročástice, DNA barkódování,
- MeSH
- kovové nanočástice * MeSH
- magnetické nanočástice MeSH
- magnetismus * MeSH
- molekulární sondy - techniky MeSH
- oligonukleotidy MeSH
- protilátky MeSH
- sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů MeSH
- taxonomické DNA čárové kódování * metody využití MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Estrogenic pollutants are a heterogeneous group of substances, contaminating the water environment. This group includes endogenous estrogens, naturally producing by organisms, exogenous estrogens that are contaminating the environment as a consequence of metabolical degradation and subsequent excretion and also other substances with estrogenic activity that have broad spectrum of industrial utilization. This work summarizes physiological molecular- -biological nature of action estrogenic substances, and the pathological effect on the organism, leading to plenty health complications, such as endocrine disruption or tumorigenesis. There are also discussed possible ways of degradation of these substances from waste water that are contaminated by substances with estrogenic potential.
- Klíčová slova
- endokrinní disrupce, estrogen-responsivní element, malformace,
- MeSH
- biodegradace * MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory škodlivé účinky MeSH
- estrogeny * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- karcinogeneze chemicky indukované MeSH
- látky znečišťující vodu * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory chemicky indukované MeSH
- nemoci endokrinního systému chemicky indukované MeSH
- obojživelníci MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování metody MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- receptory pro estrogeny MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- transkripční faktory MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- znečištění vody prevence a kontrola škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Many studies have already proven the positive effects of flavonoids on organisms. There are many plants which content important amounts of these secondary metabolites in their bodies, one of those being certainly vine (Vitis vinifera). The consumption of wine products is very popular all over the world and it is also connected with the health beneficial effects that it provides. Red wines content more flavonoids then other white or rosé varieties. It is mainly the consequence of the winemaking process during which the grape skin is either removed of left to release its secondary metabolite content, in case of the red and partially the rosé varieties
- MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- flavonoidy * metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- víno * MeSH
- Vitis MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
