Disgust is an essential part of the behavioral immune system, protecting the individual from infection. According to the Compensatory Prophylaxis Hypothesis (CPH), disgust sensitivity increases in times of immunosuppression, potentially including pregnancy. We aimed to replicate a previous study observing longitudinal changes in disgust sensitivity in pregnant women. Additionally, for the first time, we explored how recent health problems influence these changes. To do this, we obtained disgust sensitivity measures from 94 women in each trimester and in early postpartum. In contrast to the original study, where disgust sensitivity was highest in the first trimester, we found that overall and animal reminder disgust increased across pregnancy and after birth. In line with the CPH, women who were recently sick in the first trimester had elevated disgust sensitivity at that time. Although disgust sensitivity was significantly higher in the second trimester and postpartum period compared to the first trimester in mothers pregnant with a male fetus, the overall results regarding the effect of fetus sex on disgust sensitivity were mixed. It seems that changing levels of disgust sensitivity during pregnancy and postpartum result from a suite of physiological and psychological changes that occur during this sensitive period of a woman's life.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odpor * MeSH
- poporodní období MeSH
- porod MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- těhotné ženy psychologie MeSH
- trimestry těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
2. vydání 63 stran : barevné ilustrace ; 18 cm
Informační publikace o gynekologickém vyšetření, o nejčastějších gynekologických potížích a hormonální antikoncepci.
- MeSH
- antikoncepce MeSH
- gynekologická onemocnění prevence a kontrola MeSH
- gynekologické vyšetření MeSH
- pohlavní dospělost MeSH
- Publikační typ
- populární práce MeSH
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Gynekologie. Porodnictví
- NLK Obory
- gynekologie a porodnictví
- NLK Publikační typ
- otázky a odpovědi
Lékař a pacient
1. vyd. 65 s. : il. ; 17 cm
- MeSH
- antikoncepční chování MeSH
- diagnostické techniky porodnicko-gynekologické MeSH
- gynekologická onemocnění diagnóza prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony MeSH
- primární zdravotní péče MeSH
- ženy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- populární práce MeSH
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Gynekologie. Porodnictví
- NLK Obory
- gynekologie a porodnictví
- Klíčová slova
- prevence,
- MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To analyze methodological influences and characterize the concentrations of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) circulating in maternal plasma at different gestational ages in physiological pregnancies. METHODS: We investigated 238 independent samples from single male-bearing pregnancies of different gestation age. In the other 50 pregnancies, the samples were collected three times during pregnancy (at all trimesters) to evaluate the kinetics of cffDNA. The manual and automated DNA extraction methods (Roche) were compared. cffDNA was amplified using real-time PCR method and Y-specific sequences SRY and DYS14. Total cell-free DNA circulating in maternal plasma was determined by the use of the GADPH sequence. RESULTS: The elevation in the concentration of cffDNA during pregnancy with the highest value in the third trimester was observed independently on the DNA extraction method and on the Y-specific amplified sequence. The same is documented for the percentage of fetal DNA in total cell-free DNA in maternal plasma. It increases also in successive trimesters (8.3, 10.7 and 23.2%). CONCLUSIONS: We discuss methodological problems and describe statistical parameters of cffDNA concentrations in maternal plasma during pregnancy as the basic information for comparison with pregnancies having a pathological outcome. Copyright 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel
- MeSH
- biochemická analýza krve metody MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- DNA krev MeSH
- druhý trimestr těhotenství krev MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maternofetální výměna látek MeSH
- plod MeSH
- první trimestr těhotenství krev MeSH
- těhotenství krev MeSH
- třetí trimestr těhotenství krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství krev MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Cerazette,
- MeSH
- cervikální hlen účinky léků MeSH
- desogestrel terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibice ovulace účinky léků MeSH
- kontraceptiva orální klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
The boy-to-girl ratio at birth (secondary sex ratio) is around 0.51 in most populations. The sex ratio varies between societies and may be influenced by many factors, such as stress and immunosuppression, age, primiparity, the sex of the preceding siblings and the socioeconomic status of the parents. As parasite infection affects many immunological and physiological parameters of the host, we analyzed the effect of latent toxoplasmosis on sex ratios in humans. Clinical records of 1,803 infants born from 1996 to 2004 contained information regarding the mother's age, concentration of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, previous deliveries and abortions and the sex of the newborn. The results of our retrospective cohort study suggest that the presence of one of the most common parasites (with a worldwide prevalence from 20 to 80%), Toxoplasma gondii, can influence the secondary sex ratio in humans. Depending on the antibody concentration, the probability of the birth of a boy can increase up to a value of 0.72, C.I.95 = (0.636, 0.805), which means that for every 260 boys born, 100 girls are born to women with the highest concentration of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. The toxoplasmosis associated with immunosuppression or immunomodulation might be responsible for the enhanced survival of male embryos. In light of the high prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in most countries, the impact of toxoplasmosis on the human population might be considerable.
