Jsou vyhodnoceny dva dotazníky, jeden mezinárodní, organizovaný pracovní skupinou EFLM (CARMAGUE 2019), druhý národní, organizovaný jako součást programu EHK (SEKK 2019). Je posouzena četnost metod typu hs, určení hodnot diagnostických cut-off, algoritmy odboru sérií vzorků, stav výsledkových protokolů, role POCT, kontrola analytické kvality. Guidelines Evropské kardiologické společnosti ESC (2012, 2017) byly kritériem hodnocení. Závěry byly v zásadě v obou případech podobné a je možné je využít k zvýšení harmonizace výsledků, zejména postanalytické fáze a efektivity diagnostického procesu. V případě českých laboratoří by mělo dojít k zvýšení pozornosti ke klinické stránce věci.
International questionnaire on the cardiac troponins, organized by working group of EFLM (CAMARGUE 2019) and national questionnaire performed as part of EQA program of Czech Republic (SEKK 2019) were assessed. Items for assessment are namely frequencies of hs methods, cut-off values, algorithms of sample collection, protocols of results, measurement units, role of POCT, quality control. Results of this assessment were similar for both questionnaires. Guidelines ESC (2012, 2017) served as criteria for assessment. Conclusions from studies help to reaching better step of harmonization and diagnostic effectivity.
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic neurotropic virus capable to cause lethal meningoencephalitis (WNE) in infected hosts such as birds, horses, and humans. Due to their sensitivity, horses serve as sentinel species in areas at risk. We studied a population of Camargue horses living in Southern France in two zones with endemic WNV circulation where WNV outbreaks were recorded in 2000 and 2003-4. Two sets of microsatellite markers located in MHC and Ly49 genomic regions were genotyped as well as multiple SNPs in ten immunity-related candidate gene regions. Associations between genetic polymorphisms and resistance/susceptibility to WNE were tested. While single marker associations were weak, compound two-gene genotypes of SNPs located within the MAVS, NCR2 and IL-10 genes and microsatellites HMS082 and CZM013 were associated with susceptibility to WNE. Combinations of microsatellite markers CZM009, ABGe17402 and ABGe9019 were associated with simple seroconversion without clinical signs of WNE (resistance). In addition, a distribution of polymorphic markers between WNV-IgG seropositive horses and a control group of WNV-IgG seronegative horses was tested. One SNP in the OAS1 gene (NC_009151.3:g.21961328A>G) was significantly associated with the seropositive phenotype (pcorr = 0.023; OR = 40.5 CI (4.28; 383.26); RR = 8.18 CI (1.27; 52.89) in the Camargue breed. In compound genotypes, SNP markers for SLC11A1, MAVS, OAS1, TLR4, ADAM17 and NCR2 genes and ten microsatellites showed non-random distribution between seropositive and seronegative groups of horses. Further analysis of associated markers could contribute to our understanding of anti-WNV defense mechanisms in horses.
- MeSH
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics MeSH
- Genetic Markers genetics MeSH
- Immunoglobulin G immunology MeSH
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MeSH
- Horses MeSH
- Microsatellite Repeats MeSH
- Horse Diseases genetics virology MeSH
- Disease Resistance genetics MeSH
- Polymorphism, Genetic * MeSH
- West Nile virus physiology MeSH
- West Nile Fever genetics veterinary virology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- France MeSH
We propose the first comprehensive in-depth study monitoring horses in the Czech Republic. We scanned 9,289 animals from 44 populations for 17 equine STRs. Other equids analysed involved Equus przewalskii and Equus asinus. The total of 228 different alleles were detected, with the mean number of 13.4 per locus. The highest allelic richness (AR) was found in the Welsh Part Bred (6.01), followed by the Camargue (5.93) and Czech Sport Pony (5.91), whereas the Friesian exhibited the lowest AR (3.06). Interpopulation differences explained approximately nine per cent of the total genetic diversity. Reynold's genetic distance ranged from 0.003 between the Czech Warmblood and the Slovak Warmblood to 0.404 between the Friesian and donkeys. Close genetic proximity between the Silesian Noriker and Noriker was revealed. The Moravian Warmblood was better differentiated and more distant from the Czech Warmblood than the Kinsky Horse and retained the original genes of the old Austro-Hungarian tribes. A high gene flow level and a lack of genetic structure were found in the seven studied populations. Despite the historical bottlenecks and previous inbreeding, the Czech-Moravian Belgian Horse, Hucul, Old Kladruber Horse and Silesian Noriker did not suffer a serious loss of genetic diversity due to genetic drift/low effective population size. A NeighborNet dendrogram revealed breeds not classified in their groups according to the nomenclature (the Friesian, Hafling and Merens).
- MeSH
- Breeding MeSH
- Genetic Variation MeSH
- Genotype MeSH
- Horses genetics MeSH
- Cluster Analysis MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
The immunogenome is the part of the genome that underlies immune mechanisms and evolves under various selective pressures. Two complex regions of the immunogenome, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and natural killer cell receptor (NKR) genes, play an important role in the response to selective pressures of pathogens. Their importance is expressed by their genetic polymorphism at the molecular level, and their diversity associated with different types of diseases at the population level. Findings of associations between specific combinations of MHC/NKR haplotypes with different diseases in model species suggest that these gene complexes did not evolve independently. No such associations have been described in horses so far. The aim of the study was to detect associations between MHC and NKR gene/microsatellite haplotypes in three horse breed groups (Camargue, African, and Romanian) by statistical methods; chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Pearson's goodness-of-fit test and logistic regression. Associations were detected for both MHC/NKR genes and microsatellites; the most significant associations were found between the most variable KLRA3 gene and the EQCA-1 or EQCA-2 genes. This finding supports the assumption that the KLRA3 is an important receptor for MHC I and that interactions of these molecules play important roles in the horse immunity and reproduction. Despite some limitations of the study such as low numbers of horses or lack of knowledge of the selected genes functions, the results were consistent across different statistical methods and remained significant even after overconservative Bonferroni corrections. We therefore consider them biologically plausible.
