CONTEXT: Surgery is the gold standard for the local treatment of primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but alternatives are emerging. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the results of prospective studies using definitive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to treat primary localised RCC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: This review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023447274). We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for reports of prospective studies published since 2003, describing the outcomes of SBRT for localised RCC. Meta-analyses were performed for local control (LC), overall survival (OS), and rates of adverse events (AEs) using generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs). Outcomes were presented as rates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Risk-of-bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Of the 2983 records, 13 prospective studies (n = 308) were included in the meta-analysis. The median diameter of the irradiated tumours ranged between 1.9 and 5.5 cm in individual studies. Grade ≥ 3 AEs were reported in 15 patients, and their estimated rate was 0.03 (95%CI: 0.01-0.11; n = 291). One- and two-year LC rates were 0.98 (95%CI: 0.95-0.99; n = 293) and 0.97 (95%CI: 0.93-0.99; n = 253), while one- and two-year OS rates were 0.95 (95%CI: 0.88-0.98; n = 294) and 0.86 (95%CI: 0.77-0.91; n = 224). There was no statistically significant heterogeneity, and the estimations were consistent after excluding studies at a high risk of bias in a sensitivity analysis. Major limitations include a relatively short follow-up, inhomogeneous reporting of renal function deterioration, and a lack of prospective comparative evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term results suggest that SBRT is a valuable treatment method for selected inoperable patients (or those who refuse surgery) with localised RCC associated with low rates of high-grade AEs and excellent LC. However, until the long-term data from randomised controlled trials are available, surgical management remains a standard of care in operable patients.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Two trials were carried out to determine: (a) if there is a positive relation between the frequency of aggressive interactions among female pampas deer and their position within the hierarchy (HI), (b) if short-term removal of the male triggers an increase in the frequency of aggression, and (c) if the magnitude of this increase is related to the individual rank position of the female. Each of 19 breeding groups comprised one adult male and from four to six adult females. The HI was determined for each female and all aggressive interactions were recorded. These were recorded while the male was present (i.e., all of Trial 1 and the "with male" period in Trial 2) and after removal of the male (i.e., the "without male" period in Trial 2). The individual percentage change in the frequency of aggressive interactions after male removal was calculated. In Trial 1 the HI, the frequency of different types of aggressive interaction and the total of aggressive interactions were positively related (all: p < .001; General Linear Mixed Model [GLMM]). In Trial 2, the frequency of total aggressive interactions increased after male removal (F(1, 27) = 3.5; p < .001; GLMM). The individual percentage changes in aggressive interaction between periods were positively related to HI (F(6, 24) = 2.56; p = .05; GLMM). For female pampas deer maintained in breeding groups, we conclude that the frequency of aggressive interactions increases within the hierarchy. Aggression also increases after the short-term removal of the male, mainly among females of higher social status.

• MeSH
• Aggression * MeSH
• Social Dominance MeSH
• Social Environment MeSH
• Deer * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Computer Systems MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Statistika
• NML Fields
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika
• lékařská informatika

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic, relapsing-remitting gastrointestinal disorder which has become a serious global concern, and it imposes a great degree of health and economic burdens on communities worldwide. Although the presence of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) microorganisms has been reported in various gastrointestinal disorders, their putative role in the pathogenesis of IBD has been a matter of controversy. The present study aimed to investigate the existence of gastric and enterohepatic NHPHs and their probable coinfection with H. pylori in IBD. Totally, 168 clinical specimens including 70 colonic biopsies and 98 fecal specimens were obtained from IBD patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples, and its quality and concentration were assessed by β-globin PCR and spectrophotometry. The Helicobacter genus-specific PCR was performed using 16S rRNA gene. All samples were also tested for H. pylori infection by PCR of ureC gene fragment (glmM). The presence of NHPH was examined by using species-specific PCR assays. Based on PCR results, H. pylori was detected in 12.9% and 3.1% of colonic biopsies and fecal specimens, respectively. However, no statistically significant correlation was observed (P value > 0.05). We failed to find NHPH in both colonic biopsies and fecal specimens from IBD patients. Despite the fact that none of the IBD patients harbored the NHPH in the current work, further cohorts with larger sample size are required to determine the possible relationship between NHPH infection and IBD pathogenesis.

• MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori physiology   MeSH
• Helicobacter physiology   MeSH
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases * microbiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Iran MeSH

Cíl: Cílem práce je zhodnotit změny šíře optických nervů a pochev optických nervů v MR obraze v závislosti na věku a pohlaví ve věkové skupině 15–75 let. Soubor a metodika: Bylo provedeno měření celkem 300 jedinců bez prokázané patologie očního nervu a bez zjištěné poruchy drenáže mozkomíšního moku (150 mužů, 150 žen), bylo provedeno 600 měření optických nervů (4 úseky), 300 měření optického chiasmatu a 600 měření pro 2 úseky optické pochvy. Měření probíhalo na MR přístroji síly 1,5 T. Statistická analýza byla provedena pomocí parametrického testu Kruskal-Wallisova typu ANOVA a pomocí testu neparametrického GLMM (generalized linear mixed model). Výsledky: Prokázali jsme statisticky významný rozdíl mezi věkovými skupinami mužů i žen pro úseky optického nervu 1–4 a úseky optické pochvy A a B, stejně tak byl prokázán statisticky významný rozdíl mezi pohlavími pro úseky optického nervu 1–4 a oba úseky optické pochvy. V úsecích optického nervu 1–4 a optické pochvy A a B byl zjištěn nárůst rozměrů od skupiny 15–25 let směrem ke věkové skupině do 45–55 let a poté jednoznačná redukce rozměrů směrem k věkové skupině 55 a více let. Úsek 5 (chiasma) ve sledovaném souboru neměl statisticky průkazné změny rozměrů v závislosti na věku. Závěr: Prokázali jsme statisticky významnou závislost rozměrů zrakového nervu a jeho pochvy na věku a pohlaví probandů. Při měření v oblasti chiasmatu nebyla tato závislost potvrzena.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the optic nerve and its sheath diameter changes in relation to age and gender, measured by MR images in the population aged 15–75 years. Patients and methods: A total of 300 individuals without proven optic nerve pathology or cerebrospinal fluid pathway pathology were included in the study (150 men, 150 women); 600 measurements of the optic nerve (4 sections), 300 measurements of the optic chiasm, and 600 measurements of 2 optic sheath sections were carried out using a 1.5 T MRI device. Statistical analysis employed the ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis parametric test and a non-parametric GLMM (generalized linear mixed model) test. Results: We proved a statistically significant difference between age groups of men and women for optic nerve sections 1–4 and optic sheath sections A and B, as well as a statistically significant difference between genders for the optic nerve sections 1–4 and both optic sheath sections. Growth in dimensions in optic nerve sections 1–4 and optic sheaths A and B was demonstrated from the 15–25-year-old age group up to the 45–55-year-old age group; after that, there is an unambiguous reduction in dimensions towards the 55-year-old age group and above. Section 5 (the chiasm) demonstrated no statistically significant changes in dimensions in relation to age in the respective set. Conclusions: We proved a statistically significant age and gender influence on the dimensions of optic nerve and its sheath. This dependence was not proven by measurements of the optic chiasm.

• Keywords
• obaly optického nervu,
• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging * methods   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Optic Nerve * diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Sex MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH

Menarche is an indicator frequently used to study variation in growth, development, and related health conditions among members of living populations. As a life event, menarche is often associated with changes in an individual's social identity. The reproductive lifespan, which for females starts with menarche, is a paramount feature of palaeodemographic studies. Determination of menarche status from the skeletal remains of individuals of past populations can be obtained by assessing the developmental status of the iliac crest, as well as the hand and wrist bones, which are, unlike teeth, often poorly recovered in bioarchaeological contexts. The present study seeks to evaluate the link between dental mineralization and menarche in a population of known menarche status. The relationship between permanent teeth mineralization and menarche status was investigated by using data of developing permanent teeth (167 radiographs) rated in accordance with the well-known standards of Demirjian et al. and Moorrees et al. collected among 73 living French females of known menarcheal status. Using correlation ratios, GLMM and CART algorithm, menarcheal status is correlated with mineralization of the premolars. Menarcheal status is predicted correctly for 92 and 77% of radiographs of the learning and validation samples, respectively. Although promising, the results require caution prior to generalization to other populations. The age of menarche in this particular sample may simply coincide with the development of the premolars in this particular sample. Therefore, further investigation applied to populations with various mean ages of menarche is required in order to provide new evidence of variation in human growth and development from the correspondence between the mineralization of the permanent teeth and menarche.

• MeSH
• Algorithms MeSH
• Anthropology, Physical MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Calcification, Physiologic physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Menarche physiology   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Radiography, Panoramic MeSH
• Tooth anatomy & histology   diagnostic imaging   physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH