SARS-CoV-2 claimed numerous lives and put nations on high alert. The lack of antiviral medications and the small number of approved vaccines, as well as the recurrence of adverse effects, necessitates the development of novel treatment ways to combat COVID-19. In this context, using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, we gathered information about nanotechnology's involvement in the prevention, diagnosis and virus-like particle vaccine development. This review revealed that various nanomaterials like gold, polymeric, graphene and poly amino ester with carboxyl group coated magnetic nanoparticles have been explored for the fast detection of SARS-CoV-2. Personal protective equipment fabricated with nanoparticles, such as gloves, masks, clothes, surfactants, and Ag, TiO2 based disinfectants played an essential role in halting COVID-19 transmission. Nanoparticles are used not only in vaccine delivery, such as lipid nanoparticles mediated transport of mRNA-based Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, but also in the development of vaccine as the virus-like particles elicit an immune response. There are now 18 virus-like particle vaccines in pre-clinical development, with one of them, developed by Novavax, reported being in phase 3 trials. Due to the probability of upcoming COVID-19 waves, and the rise of new diseases, the future relevance of virus-like particles is imperative. Furthermore, psychosocial variables linked to vaccine reluctance constitute a critical problem that must be addressed immediately to avert pandemic.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Nanotechnology is gaining significant attention, with numerous biomedical applications. Silver in wound dressings, copper oxide and silver in antibacterial preparations, and zinc oxide nanoparticles as a food and cosmetic ingredient are common examples. However, adverse effects of nanoparticles in humans and the environment from extended exposure at varied concentrations have yet to be established. One of the drawbacks of employing nanoparticles is their tendency to cause oxidative stress, a significant public health concern with life-threatening consequences. Cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory problems and diabetes are among the oxidative stress-related disorders. In this context, phytoantioxidant functionalized nanoparticles could be a novel and effective alternative. In addition to performing their intended function, they can protect against oxidative damage. This review was designed by searching through various websites, books, and articles found in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. To begin with, oxidative stress, its related diseases, and the mechanistic basis of oxidative damage caused by nanoparticles are discussed. One of the main mechanisms of action of nanoparticles was unearthed to be oxidative stress, which limits their use in humans. Secondly, the role of phytoantioxidant functionalized nanoparticles in oxidative damage prevention is critically discussed. The parameters for the characterization of nanoparticles were also discussed. The majority of silver, gold, iron, zinc oxide, and copper nanoparticles produced utilizing various plant extracts were active free radical scavengers. This potential is linked to several surface fabricated phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids and phenols. These phytoantioxidant functionalized nanoparticles could be a better alternative to nanoparticles prepared by other existing approaches.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• fytonutrienty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice aplikace a dávkování   chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• scavengery volných radikálů farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

AIMS: To find out whether neuropsychiatric comorbidity (comMCI) influences spatial navigation performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHODS: We recruited aMCI patients with (n = 21) and without (n = 21) neuropsychiatric comorbidity or alcohol abuse, matched for global cognitive impairment and cognitively healthy elderly participants (HE, n = 22). They completed the Mini-Mental State Examination and a virtual Hidden Goal Task in egocentric, allocentric, and delayed recall subtests. RESULTS: In allocentric navigation, aMCI and comMCI performed significantly worse than HE and similarly to each other. Although aMCI performed significantly worse at egocentric navigation than HE, they performed significantly better than patients with comMCI. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the growing burden of dementia and the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly population, comMCI remains under-studied. Since trials often assess "pure" aMCI, we may underestimate patients' navigation and other deficits. This finding emphasizes the importance of taking account of the cognitive effects of psychiatric disorders in aMCI.

• MeSH
• amnézie epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prostorová navigace * MeSH
• prostorová paměť MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) are two important members of the Tec family with crucial roles in immune system function. Deregulation in ITK and BTK activity is linked to several hematological malignancies, making them key targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we synthesized a series of azaspirooxindolinone derivatives and evaluated their cytotoxic activity against ITK/BTK-negative and positive cancer cell lines, followed by enzymatic inhibition studies to assess the ITK/BTK kinase selectivity of two hit compounds. Several compounds demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against ITK- or BTK-expressing cells. Compound 3d exhibited high cytotoxicity in ITK-positive Jurkat (IC50 = 3.58 μM) and BTK-positive Ramos (IC50 = 3.06 μM) cells, while compound 3j showed strong cytotoxicity in Ramos (IC50 = 1.38 μM) and Jurkat (IC50 = 4.16 μM) cells. Compounds 3a and 3e were selectively cytotoxic in Jurkat cells (IC50 = 9.36 μM and 10.85 μM, respectively), while compounds 3f and 3g were highly cytotoxic in Ramos cells (IC50 = 1.82 μM and 1.42 μM, respectively). None of the active compounds exhibited cytotoxicity in non-cancer cell lines (IC50 > 50 μM), demonstrating their selectivity for malignant cells. Enzyme inhibition assay showed that 3d is a selective ITK inhibitor (IC50 = 0.91 μM) with no detectable BTK inhibition, aligning with its strong activity in ITK-positive cells. In contrast, compound 3j did not inhibit ITK or BTK enzymatically, suggesting an alternative mechanism of action. These findings highlight 3d as a promising ITK inhibitor and warrant further investigation to elucidate its mechanism of action.

• MeSH
• inhibitory proteinkinas * farmakologie   chemická syntéza   chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• oxindoly farmakologie   chemie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• proteinkinasa BTK * antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• protinádorové látky * farmakologie   chemická syntéza   chemie   MeSH
• racionální návrh léčiv * MeSH
• screeningové testy protinádorových léčiv * MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• spirosloučeniny chemie   farmakologie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• tyrosinkinasy * antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• kardiologie MeSH
• nemoci srdce MeSH
• srdeční selhání * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• kardiologie

• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky oftalmologické MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• oční nemoci MeSH
• oftalmologické chirurgické výkony MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• oftalmologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie