Langova, Veronika*
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Schizophrenia is a severe disorder characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms, which are still not fully understood. The development of efficient antipsychotics requires animal models of a strong validity, therefore the aims of the article were to summarize the construct, face and predictive validity of schizophrenia models based on rodents and zebrafish, to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these models, and to propose future directions in schizophrenia modeling and indicate when it is reasonable to combine these models. The advantages of rodent models stem primarily from the high homology between rodent and human physiology, neurochemistry, brain morphology and circuitry. The advantages of zebrafish models stem in the high fecundity, fast development and transparency of the embryo. Disadvantages of both models originate in behavioral repertoires not allowing specific symptoms to be modeled, even when the models are combined. Especially modeling the verbal component of certain positive, negative and cognitive symptoms is currently impossible.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The open field test (OFT) is a basic and most widely used test for investigation in animal studies of the neurobiological basis of anxiety and screening for novel drug targets. Here, we present the results of an OFT for weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii. This study aimed to describe the behavioral response of G. petersii exposed to an OFT, simultaneously with an evaluation of electrical organ discharges (EOD), to determine whether any association between EOD and patterns of motor behavior in the OFT exists. Treatment of OFT activity and its temporal patterning was assessed for the whole 6-min trial as well as per-minute distributions of activity using a near-infrared camera and an EOD data acquisition system. Our results demonstrated that the time spent, distance moved, and time of activity were significantly higher in the periphery of the OFT arena. The zone preference pattern over the 6-min test session showed that G. petersii prefer the outer zone (83.61%) over the center of the arena (16.39%). The motor behavior of fish measured as distance moved, active time, and swim speed were correlated with the number of EODs; however, no relationship was found between EOD and acceleration.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The present study aimed to examine a weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii (G. petersii) as a candidate model organism of glutamatergic theory of schizophrenia. The idea of G. petersii elevating the modeling of schizophrenia symptoms is based on the fish's electrolocation and electrocommunication abilities. Fish were exposed to the NMDA antagonist ketamine in two distinct series differing in the dose of ketamine. The main finding revealed ketamine-induced disruption of the relationship between electric signaling and behavior indicating impairment of fish navigation. Moreover, lower doses of ketamine significantly increased locomotion and erratic movement and higher doses of ketamine reduced the number of electric organ discharges indicating successful induction of positive schizophrenia-like symptoms and disruption of fish navigation. Additionally, a low dose of haloperidol was used to test the normalization of the positive symptoms to suggest a predictive validity of the model. However, although successfully induced, positive symptoms were not normalized using the low dose of haloperidol; hence, more doses of the typical antipsychotic haloperidol and probably also of a representative of atypical antipsychotic drugs need to be examined to confirm the predictive validity of the model.
BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease, significantly preserving kidney function and patient quality of life. However, post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common complication, occurring in approximately one-third of renal transplant recipients. This study aims to evaluate the role of pulse wave parameters in predicting PTDM and to identify other pre-transplant risk factors. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 105 patients on the kidney transplant waiting list from 2017 to 2022. Exclusion criteria included any pre-existing diabetes mellitus. Patients underwent physical examinations, laboratory analyses, and pulse wave analysis before transplantation and one year post-transplant. PTDM diagnosis followed International Consensus Guidelines. Data were analyzed using Wilcox test, Bonferroni correction, May-Whitney U-test, and Fisher's exact test, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Post-transplant, 21% of patients were diagnosed with PTDM, increasing to 35% 3months post-transplant and 43% at one year post-transplant. Significant findings included: Pre-transplat risk factors for developing PTDM: Proteinuria (p = 0.037, OR = 3.942) and perioperative hyperglycemia (p = 0.003, OR = 4.219 at 3 months; p = 0.001, OR = 4.571 at 1 year). Pulse wave parameters for developing PTDM: Pre-transplant Aortic PP > 45 mmHg (AUC = 0.757) and PWV > 8.5 m/s (AUC = 0.730) were strong predictors of the development of PTDM after 3 months (p < 0.0001). Moreover, we found significant improvements in aortic pulse pressure (Aortic PP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) post-transplant (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that pulse wave parameters, such as Aortic PP and PWV, are significant predictors of PTDM in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). These findings support incorporating pulse wave analysis into routine pre-transplant evaluations to identify high-risk patients. Additionally, monitoring these parameters post-transplant may aid in early intervention and prevention of PTDM, ultimately improving patient outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Medical faculty and University Hospital Olomouc (approval no. 94/15).
- MeSH
- analýza pulzové vlny * MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin chirurgie etiologie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus * etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační komplikace * etiologie diagnóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- proteinurie etiologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: To determine differences in the blood innate gene expression signatures of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients across various organ manifestations and disease activity, with a focus on lupus nephritis (LN) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. METHODS: Toll-like receptor family (TLR 1-10) mRNA expression was investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with SLE (n = 74) and healthy controls (n = 34). We compared patients with histologically confirmed active LN or neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) with patients without these symptoms. The expression of TLR mRNA was determined by RT‒qPCR using a high-throughput SmartChip Real-Time-qPCR system (WaferGen). Multivariate analysis and nonparametric statistics were used for data analysis to assess the associations between TLRs and disease activity and severity. RESULTS: TLR4 (0.044 vs. 0.081, p = 0.012) was upregulated and TLR10 (0.009 vs. 0.006, p = 0.0007) was downregulated in the whole cohort of SLE patients compared to healthy controls. A comparison of the active LN group with participants without kidney involvement revealed increased expression of TLR2 (0.078 vs. 0.03, p = 0.009), and TLR5 (0.035 vs. 0.017, p = 0.03). Moreover, a significant difference was observed in TLR9 expression between inactive LN and the control group (0.014 vs. 0.009, p = 0.01), together with borderline correlation in TLR2 expression (0.04 vs. 0.03, p = 0.06). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that TLR1 and TLR2 expression were the best potential diagnostic markers for active LN. The NPSLE group showed upregulation of TLR1 (0.088 vs. 0.048, p = 0.01), TLR4 (0.173 vs. 0.066, p = 0.0003) and TLR6 (0.087 vs. 0.036, 0.007). Our correlation analysis supported the close relationships among the expression of individual TLRs in the whole lupus cohort and its subgroups. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed differences in TLR expression between a lupus cohort and healthy controls. Additionally, our analysis provides insight into specific TLR expression in cases with severe organ manifestations, such as LN and NPSLE. The multiple mutual relationships of TLRs demonstrate the activation of innate immunity in SLE and suggest promising targets for future therapies or diagnostics.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nefritida při lupus erythematodes * genetika krev MeSH
- systémový lupus erythematodes krev genetika MeSH
- toll-like receptory * genetika biosyntéza MeSH
- vaskulitida centrálního nervového systému při lupus erythematodes * krev genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Visual perception is one of the basic tools for exploring the world. However, in schizophrenia, this modality is disrupted. So far, there has been no clear answer as to whether the disruption occurs primarily within the brain or in the precortical areas of visual perception (the retina, visual pathways, and lateral geniculate nucleus [LGN]). A web-based comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journals was conducted based on various keyword combinations including schizophrenia, saliency, visual cognition, visual pathways, retina, and LGN. Articles were chosen with respect to topic relevance. Searched databases included Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. This review describes the precortical circuit and the key changes in biochemistry and pathophysiology that affect the creation and characteristics of the retinal signal as well as its subsequent modulation and processing in other parts of this circuit. Changes in the characteristics of the signal and the misinterpretation of visual stimuli associated with them may, as a result, contribute to the development of schizophrenic disease.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Aims. No effective treatment for lung cancer exists currently. One reason for this, is the development of drug resistance,-assumed to be associated with cancer stem cell (CSCs) emergence within the tumour. This pilot study aimed-to identify CSCs in 121 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient samples via detection of the expression of stem-cell markers – CD133 and nestin. Material and methods. Archived paraffin blocks of 121 patient samples were prepared as Tissue Microarrays-(TMA). Indirect immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the level of expression of CD133 and nestin.-Double immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the co-expression of these two markers. To determine-the correlation between expression of nestin and CD133 with the length of asymptomatic period and overall patient-survival we used the Kaplan-Meyer analysis. Results. CD133 expression was detected in 22 (19%), nestin in the epithelium in 74 (66%) and vasculature in-78 (70%) of patients. Co-expression of these two markers was found in 21 (17%) patients in less than 1% of positive-cells without impact on disease free or overall survival. Conclusions. We identified CD133+/nestin+ cells as novel potential markers of lung cancer CSCs.
- MeSH
- CD antigeny MeSH
- cévy metabolismus MeSH
- epitel metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- glykoproteiny metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové kmenové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- nádory plic krevní zásobení metabolismus MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic krevní zásobení metabolismus MeSH
- peptidy metabolismus MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- proteiny intermediálních filament metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny nervové tkáně metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
... VYŠETŘENÍ A JEHO INTERPRETACE 33 -- Jiří Hrbáč, Valerie Knotková, Vojtěch Kratochvíl, Jozef Kubinyi, Otto Lang ... ... Veronika Slonková, Ph.D. LÉČBA LYMFEDÉMU 59 -- MUDr. ...
1. vydání 171 stran : ilustrace (převážně barevné) ; 30 cm
Publikace se zabývá problematikou diagnostiky a léčby lymfedému.; Učební texty ke studiu teoretických základů lymfatické nedostatečnosti, k diagnostice a léčbě lymfedému.
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NLK Obory
- angiologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
