Mining waste
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Many organizations in Europe collect data and perform research on municipal solid waste and the secondary raw materials that can be produced from them through recycling, urban mining, or landfill mining. However, the information generated and presented thereby is often highly aggregated, while research activities are many a time isolated. Both reduce the usability of the data and information generated. In order to better structure the knowledge generation on secondary raw materials production from municipal solid waste, we suggest to learn from the traditional raw materials mining industry how to perform an integrated assessment and reporting of anthropogenic resources. This is exemplarily shown for the case of the anthropogenic resource municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and air-pollution control residues. A network of expert institutions from countries throughout Europe was build up to compile the information on legal and technological aspects for the recovery of different secondary raw materials from these residues, including construction minerals, metals, and salts. We highlight in our article the strength of the combined knowledge of an expert network not only on legal and technological, but also local and site-specific aspects of the recovery of secondary raw materials. By doing so, we hope to kick-off a discussion for how to organize and implement a structure for a better management of knowledge on anthropogenic resources, in order to provide a sustainable supply of secondary raw materials for a greener and more circular economy.
- MeSH
- nakládání s odpady * MeSH
- odpadky - odstraňování * MeSH
- recyklace MeSH
- skládková zařízení MeSH
- spalování odpadů MeSH
- tuhý odpad analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Waste sorting at the source is a vital strategy of waste management and to improve urban sustainability. If the strategy is implemented by relying solely on publicity and civic awareness, the impact is less significant. Proactive measures, such as policy regulations, supervisory guidance, and stimulating incentives, play essential roles for better management. The unknown waste-dumping behaviour of residents is a great challenge for decision-makers to allocate resources for waste-collection operations and to refine regulations. Traditional behaviour analysis methods such as questionnaire surveys and simulation methods have limitations considering the population size and the complexity of individual behaviour. This study aims to design a data-driven analytical framework to analyse household waste-dumping behaviour and facilitate policy regulations by using the Internet of Things (IoT) and data mining technologies. The analytical framework is further developed into a four-step management cycle. A case study in Shanghai is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the analytical framework and management cycle. The results of behaviour analyses reveal that (1) waste-dumping frequency is high in the evening but negligible in the early afternoon; (2) compared to working days, peak-value time at weekends occurs later in the morning and earlier in the evening; (3) residents require longer waste-dumping time windows than those empirically recommended by administrators. Managerial insights and decision support based on these research results have been presented for decision-makers to guide operations management and facilitate policy regulations.
- MeSH
- nakládání s odpady * MeSH
- odpadky - odstraňování * MeSH
- skládková zařízení MeSH
- trvale udržitelný růst MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
Historical mining activities in the village of Kaňk (in the northern part of the Kutná Hora ore district, Czech Republic) produced large amounts of mine wastes which contain significant amounts of metal(loid) contaminants such as As, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Given the proximity of residential communities to these mining residues, we investigated samples of mine waste (n = 5), urban soil (n = 6), and road dust (n = 5) with a special focus on the solid speciation of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn using a combination of methods (XRD, SEM/EDS, oxalate extractions), as well as on in vitro bioaccessibility in simulated gastric and lung fluids to assess the potential exposure risks for humans. Bulk chemical analyses indicated that As is the most important contaminant in the mine wastes (~1.15 wt%), urban soils (~2900 mg/kg) and road dusts (~440 mg/kg). Bioaccessible fractions of As were quite low (4-13%) in both the simulated gastric and lung fluids, while the bioaccessibility of metals ranged between <0.01% (Pb) and 68% (Zn). The bioaccessibilities of the metal(loid)s were dependent on the mineralogy and different adsorption properties of the metal(loid)s. Based on our results, a potential health risk, especially for children, was recognized from the ingestion of mine waste materials and highly contaminated urban soil. Based on the risk assessment, arsenic was found to be the element posing the greatest risk.
- MeSH
- arsen analýza MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
- hornictví * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- měď analýza MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- olovo analýza MeSH
- prach analýza MeSH
- spektrometrie rentgenová emisní MeSH
- zinek analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The main objective of the study presented was to investigate the differences between 20 mine waste dumps located in the Silesian Region of Poland and Czech Republic, in terms of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contents. The Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis were applied in exploration of the studied data. Since the data set was affected by outlying objects, the employment of a relevant analysis strategy was necessary. The final PCA model was constructed with the use of the Expectation-Maximization iterative approach preceded by a correct identification of outliers. The analysis of the experimental data indicated that three mine waste dumps located in Poland were characterized by the highest concentrations of dibenzo(g,h,i)anthracene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene, and six objects located in Czech Republic and three objects in Poland were distinguished by high concentrations of chrysene and indeno (1.2.3-cd) pyrene. Three of studied mine waste dumps, one located in Czech Republic and two in Poland, were characterized by low concentrations of Cr, Ni, V, naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthen, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(g,h,i)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene and indeno (1.2.3-cd) pyrene in comparison with the remaining ones. The analysis contributes to the assessment and prognosis of ecological and health risks related to the emission of trace elements and organic compounds (PAHs) from the waste dumps examined. No previous research of similar scope and aims has been reported for the area concerned.
- MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- průmyslový odpad analýza MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- skládková zařízení * MeSH
- statistické modely * MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
There are ~7000 mining waste storage facilities including waste rock dumps in the Czech Republic. One of the radiation protection present subjects is a health impact estimation of the huge mass of material in waste rock dumps left after uranium mining. In this document are presented selected results of waste rock dump long-term monitoring in the area of shaft No. 15 (Pribram, CR) and its estimated health impact to the representative person in a village Brod. The external irradiation was estimated based on in situ gamma spectrometry measurement results and on a Monte Carlo model and it turned out to be negligible (tens μSv), while the internal irradiation (RAMARN, ALGADE Environmental and RAMONIS detection systems) is more significant. The estimated total annual effective dose for representative person is mainly caused by indoor radon inhalation. The maximum outdoor radon concentration in summer season was measured during night hours between 9 p.m. and 7 a.m. and could reach thousands Bq/m3. The average indoor concentration measured in randomly selected houses was 450 Bq/m3. The radon exhalation rate was 35-40 mBq m-2 s-1.
- MeSH
- bydlení MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- hornictví * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metoda Monte Carlo MeSH
- monitorování radiace metody MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- radon analýza MeSH
- skládková zařízení * MeSH
- uran analýza MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí analýza MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Aims: Impact of potentially toxic elements (PTE) on the health status of population of the Slovak Republic has been studied in two historical mining areas with ore extraction from Middle Ages (the Middle Slovak Neovolcanics, the Slovak Ore Mts.) and one historical mining area with more than hundred years brown coal mining (Upper Nitra region). Methods: The contents of PTE were analysed in groundwater/ drinking water and soils. The health status of resident population was evaluated based on 43 health indicators classified according to the international classi- fication of diseases (ICD, 10th revision), including mainly those indicators characterizing mortality on cardiovascular and oncological diseases. In these areas the health status of population living in municipalities with increased PTE contents (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg and Sb) was compared with that in adjacent municipalities showing low PTE contents.
- MeSH
- chemické znečištění vody analýza statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- geologické jevy MeSH
- geologické sedimenty MeSH
- hornictví * MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci mortalita MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory mortalita MeSH
- pitná voda chemie MeSH
- podzemní voda chemie MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- těžba uhlí MeSH
- ukazatele zdravotního stavu MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí * analýza statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
The impact of a natural wetland ("dambo" in Zambia) on neutral mine drainage at Luanshya in the Zambian Copperbelt has been investigated during an intermediate discharge period (July) using a multi-method characterization of solid phase samples, sequential extraction analysis, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy combined with water analyses, isotopic analyses, and geochemical modeling. In the wetland, the principal identified solid phases in sediments were carbonates, gypsum, and ferric oxyhydroxides. A significant portion of the ochres was present as insoluble hematite. Mine drainage pH values decrease, and log [Formula: see text] values increase after inflow of water into the wetland; dissolved and suspended concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Co also decrease. Based on speciation calculations, there is no precipitation of secondary Cu and Co minerals in the period of sampling, but it can occur later in dry period when the flow rate is reduced. Concentrations of sulfate decrease, and values of δ34S(SO4) in the wetland increase in parallel, suggesting sulfate reduction is occurring. In more advanced dry period, the discharge in mine drainage stream is probably much lower and water can reach supersaturation with respect to minerals such as gypsum, which has been found in sediments. Wetlands have a positive impact on mine drainage water quality due to the removal of metals by adsorption, co-precipitation, and filtration of colloids. However, there can also be a rebound of contamination by seepage inflow downstream from the wetland. Ongoing climate change with extreme hydrologic events may enhance differences between dry and rainy seasons with resulting faster mobilization of contaminants.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- chemická precipitace MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
- filtrace MeSH
- hornictví * MeSH
- klimatické změny * MeSH
- koloidy MeSH
- minerály chemie MeSH
- mokřady * MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * metody MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- počasí MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- síran vápenatý chemie MeSH
- sírany analýza MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza MeSH
- uhličitany chemie MeSH
- železité sloučeniny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Zambie MeSH
The remediation of Pb(II) through biomineralization is rergarded as a promising technique as well as an interesting phenomenon for transforming heavy metals from mobile species into very stable minerals in the environment. Studies are well needed for in-depth understanding the mechanism of Pb(II) immobilized by bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the uptake and biomineralization of Pb(II) using Bacillus cereus 12-2 isolated from lead-zinc mine tailings. The maximum Pb(II) uptake capacity of B. cereus 12-2 was 340 mg/g at pH 3.0. Zeta potential analyses and selective passivation experiments demonstrated that electrostatic attraction was the main force driving the uptake of Pb(II), while the carboxyl, amide and phosphate functional groups of the bacteria provided the binding sites for immobilizing Pb(II). XRD and TEM investigation revealed that the Pb(II) loaded on bacteria could be stepwise transformed into rod-shaped Ca2.5Pb7.5(OH)2(PO4)6 nanocrystal. Combined with protein denaturalization experiments, we proposed that the biomineralization of Pb(II) possibly consisted of two steps: (1) Rapid biosorption of Pb(II) on B. cereus 12-2 through the synergy of electrostatic attraction, ionic exchange and chelating activity of functional groups; (2) enzyme-mediated mineral transformation from amorphous precipitate to rod-shaped crystalline minerals happening gradually inside the bacteria.
