• MeSH
• Bacillus cereus genetika   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• DNA izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• elektroforéza MeSH
• extrachromozomální dědičnost MeSH
• genetické techniky MeSH

Quetiapin patří mezi antipsychotika II. generace a používá se k potlačení psychotických příznaků. Nedávné studie ukázaly, že quetiapin vykazuje in vitro i m vivo neuroprotektivní vlastnosti. Použití modelu transgenních myší APP/PSl jako modelu Alzheimerovy demence ukázalo, že quetiapin zlepšuje kognitivní deficit, snižuje výskyt amyloidních plaků a zvyšuje expresi antiapoptotického faktoru Bcl-2 a nitrotyrosinu. Tyto nové studie ukazují na možné využití quetiapinu v léčbě neurodegenerativních onemocnění.

Quetiapine is an antipsychotic of 2 nd generation, which is used in the treatment of psychotic disorders. Recent studies have shown that quetiapine has neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo . In animal model of Alzheimer disease using transgenic mice APP/PS quetiapine ameliorates cognitive deficit, decreases density of amyloid plaques and increases the expression of anti-apoptotic f actor Bcl-2 and nitrotyrosine. These new studies show new approaches in using quetiapine in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc farmakoterapie   MeSH
• antioxidancia terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antipsychotika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dibenzothiazepiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• myši transgenní MeSH
• neurodegenerativní nemoci farmakoterapie   MeSH
• neuroprotektivní látky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• botanika farmaceutická - učebnice vysokoškolské,

• Konspekt
• Farmacie. Farmakologie
• NLK Obory
• farmacie a farmakologie
• biologie

Differences in survival according to the pTERT mutation subtypes (-124C > T, -146C > T, and tandem -138_139CC > TT) have been observed. The present study aimed to describe the clinical as the histopathological and molecular cutaneous melanoma features according to the presence of the three most prevalent pTERT mutation subtypes (-124C > T, -146C > T, and tandem -138_139CC > TT). A retrospective cross-sectional study including 684 patients was designed, and a Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was performed. After the PSL-DA, it was observed that the tandem -138_139CC > TT subtype differs from the other subtypes. The model demonstrated that the -124C > T and the -138_139 CC > TT subtypes were associated with fast-growing melanomas (OR 0.5, CI 0.29-0.86, p = .012) and with Breslow >2 mm (OR 0.6, CI 0.37-0.97, p = .037), compared to the -146C > T mutation. Finally, the -124C > T appeared to be more associated with the presence of TILs (non-brisk) than the -146C > T (OR 0.6, CI 0.40-1.01, p = .05). These findings confirmed that the -124C > T and the tandem -138_139 CC > TT subtypes are both highly associated with the presence of features of aggressiveness; however, only the -124C > T was highly associated with TILs. This difference could explain the worse survival rate associated with the tandem -138_139CC > TT mutations.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom * genetika   patologie   mortalita   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nádory kůže genetika   patologie   mortalita   MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) * genetika   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• telomerasa * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium causes widespread diseases in humans. This bacterium is frequently related to nosocomial infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bacteriaemia especially in immunocompromised patients. The current review focuses on the recent perspectives on biofilms formation by these bacteria. Biofilms are communities of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often adhere to a surface. These adherent cells are usually embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Pel, psl and alg operons present in P. aeruginosa are responsible for the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharide which plays an important role in cell surface interactions during biofilm formation. Recent studies suggested that cAMP signalling pathway, quorum-sensing pathway, Gac/Rsm pathway and c-di-GMP signalling pathway are the main mechanism that leads to the biofilm formation. Understanding the bacterial virulence depends on a number of cell-associated and extracellular factors and is very essential for the development of potential drug targets. Thus, the review focuses on the major genes involved in the biofilm formation, the state of art update on the biofilm treatment and the dispersal approaches such as targeting adhesion and maturation, targeting virulence factors and other strategies such as small molecule-based inhibitors, phytochemicals, bacteriophage therapy, photodynamic therapy, antimicrobial peptides and natural therapies and vaccines to curtail the biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• bakteriální polysacharidy chemie   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků   genetika   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• quorum sensing MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Práce se zaměřuje na posouzení účinnosti moxifloxacinu v terapii středně těžké a těžké komunitní pneumonie (CAP). Retrospektivně byla analyzována skupina 48 pacientů, hospitalizovaných od 1. 8. 2010 do 31. 10. 2011 na Klinice plicních nemocí a tuberkulózy Fakultní nemocnice Olomouc, řazených dle Fineho PSI klasifikace do skupiny středně těžké a těžké pneumonie, kterým byl podán moxifloxacin v dávce 400 mg/den v perorální nebo parenterální formě. Efekt moxifloxacinu byl posuzován podle zlepšení klinického stavu pacienta, poklesu zánětlivých parametrů a vývoje RTG nálezu. Současně bylo sledováno etiologické agens pneumonie, komplikace průběhu pneumonie, komorbidity, nežádoucí účinky a tolerance léčby. Moxifloxacin byl podán jako první lék u 52 % nemocných, po selhání předchozích antibiotik u 48 % pacientů. Průměrná doba podávání antibiotika byla 9 dnů. Byla zjištěna 86% klinická účinnost, nezávažné vedlejší účinky se vyskytly u 4 % nemocných. Na základě dosavadních zkušeností jej lze doporučit pro standardní léčbu CAP.

The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of moxifloxacin for the treatment of moderate and severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The retrospective analysis comprised a group of 48 patients hospitalized between 1 August 2010 and 31 October 2011 at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, classified as having moderate or severe pneumonia according to Fine's PSl score, who were administered moxifloxacin at a dose of 400 mg/day in oral or parenteral forms. The effect of moxifloxacin was evaluated, based on improvement of patients' clinical status, decrease in inflammatory parameters and progression of X-ray findings. At the same time, etiological agents of pneumonia, complications of pneumonia, comorbidities, adverse effects and tolerability of the treatment were studied. Moxifloxacin was administered as a first-choice drug in 52 % of patients and after previous antibiotic agents had failed in 48 % of patients. The mean time of administration vas 9 days. There was 86 % clinical effectiveness. Non-serious adverse effects were reported in 4 % of patients. Based on previous experiences, the drug may be recommended for standard therapy of CAP.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• aza sloučeniny škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bakteriální pneumonie * etiologie   farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• chinoliny * škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení léčiv MeSH
• infekce získané v komunitě etiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

To investigate the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on the cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD), while also identifying the cellular pathways associated with autophagy involved in the treatment. Twenty-four APP/PSl double transgenic mice were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B, while another 24 C57 mice were randomly allocated to Group C or Group D. HBOT was administered to mice in Group B and Group D, and the Morris water maze test was used to assess changes in mice behavior. Histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to observe pathological alterations in the hippocampus of the mice brain tissue. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to analyze autophagy-related gene pathways in the hippocampus of the mice. Following HBOT, mice in Group B exhibited a significant reduction in escape latency and a notable increase in residence time within the target quadrant compared with Group A (P<0.05), as well as Group C and Group D (P<0.01). The hippocampal neurons in Group A and Group B mice exhibited disorganized arrangements, characterized by pyknosis and margination. Conversely, neurons in Group C displayed orderly arrangements, retaining intact structures with round nuclei demonstrating clear nuclear staining and normal morphology. The cellular morphology of mice in Group D remained unaffected. PCR analysis revealed no notable disparity in autophagy-related gene expression between Group A and Group C. However, the expression levels of five genes including Tgfb1, Mapk14, Bid, Atg7, and Akt1, were significantly elevated in Group B compared to Group A. HBOT has the potential to improve the cognitive function in mice modeled with AD. This improvement of cognitive function appears to be mediated by the up-regulation of autophagy-related genes, specifically Tgfb1, Mapk14, Bid, Atg7, and Akt1. These results indicate that HBOT may offer a therapeutic strategy for treating AD by enhancing autophagy mechanisms. Key words Alzheimer's disease, Autophagy, Hyperbaric oxygen, Morris water maze, PCR.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * terapie   metabolismus   genetika   psychologie   MeSH
• autofagie * fyziologie   MeSH
• hipokampus metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• hyperbarická oxygenace * MeSH
• kognice * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL * MeSH
• myši transgenní * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• signální transdukce * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• nukleární lékařství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH
• příležitostný tisk MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody