Q3137830
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The purpose was to investigate whether runners who do not squat their body weight once will not be overloaded with a weight vest with a load of 5% of BW and will not maintain 95% intensity across ten repetitions of a 20-meter sprint. Eight adult female students (24,05±1,15 years old; body height 168±4,24 cm; body weight 60,39±5,53 kg) from the faculty of sports studies at Masaryk University in the Czech Republic participated in this study. Categories were: 1 = NBW (1RM in the squat is relative body weight ± 5 kg), 2 = LBW (1RM in the squat is lower than BW-5 kg) and 3 = HBW (1RM in the squat is higher than BW +5 kg). The measurements took place on three different days, each day running with another experimental condition: free sprinting, weighted vest sprinting with a 5% load of BW, and weighted vest sprinting with a 5% load of 1RM squat. With a weight vest with resistance at the level of 5% of body weight, during 49 sprints, the intensity decreased by a maximum of 4.82% (participant 4, NBW group, 1st run). Although, with weight vest resistance at the level of 5% of the 1RM back squats, during 68 sprints, the intensity decreased by a maximum of 6.59% (participant 1, NBW group, 8th run). It seems that the level of strength abilities of the lower limbs did not play a role in this, we can calculate 5% intensity from both BW and 1 RM squat. Since the HBW group could maintain the required intensity even at significantly higher weights than 5% BW, further research with a larger research sample is needed.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motivace MeSH
- posturální rovnováha * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- svalová síla MeSH
- terapie cvičením * metody MeSH
- úrazy pádem prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Zranenia s viac či menej závažnými zdravotnými následkami, dlhý proces rekonvalescencie, funkčné obmedzenia a znížená pohybová aktivita sú najčastejšie dôsledky pádov u seniorov. Napriek ich vysokému výskytu v rámci tejto populácie sa diagnostike rizika ich vzniku nevenuje v klinickej praxi vždy dostatočná pozornosť, ani vzhľadom na fakt, že môže viesť k predchádzaniu zdravotných komplikácií s nimi spojených. V našej štúdii sme sa zamerali na seniorov nad 60 rokov, ktorí sa neliečili na žiadne akútne či chronické ochorenia. Cieľom bolo u nich zhodnotiť riziko výskytu pádov pomocou jednoduchého testu – Five-repetition sit-to-stand test (test opakovaného vstávania zo stoličky). Výsledky ukázali, že viac ako polovica všetkých seniorov dosiahla v teste opakovaného vstávania zo stoličky horší ako priemerný výkon populácie v rovnakom veku. Z toho 26 % seniorov vo veku 70 – 79 ro-kov a 50 % seniorov vo veku 80 – 89 rokov dosiahlo čas dlhší ako 15 s (18,1 ± 2,9 s a 16,3 ± 1,1 s), čo je kritická hodnota pre zvýšené riziko opakujúcich sa pádov u seniorov nad 65 rokov. Výsledok tohto časovo nenáročného testu môže pomôcť predikovať riziko výskytu pádu. Test možno využiť nie len u seniorov, u ktorých možno pády predpokladať vzhľadom na ochorenie, ale aj u seniorov, ktorí sa na žiadne akútne alebo chronické ochorenie neliečia, tak ako v prípade našej štúdie.
Less or more serious injuries, prolonged convalescence, functional limitations and physical inactivity are the most frequent consequeces of falls in elderly adults. Although there is a high prevalence of falls in this population, the risk of falling is not routinely diagnosed in clinical practice in this population in time. In this study, we focused on elderly adults over 60 years of age who did not have any acute or chronic disease. The study aimed to assess the risk of fall occurrence with an easy administered clinical test – Five-repetition sit-to-stand test. The results revealed that more than half of our subjects achieved a longer time in the test compared to the average performance of the population of the same age. Of this, 26% of elderly adults aged 70–79 years and 50% of elderly adults aged 80–89 years achieved time longer than 15 s (18,1 ± 2,9 s and 16,3 ± 1,1 s, respectively), which is a critical value for increased risk of recurrent falls in people aged over 65 years. This test can help to predict fall risk not only in the elderly adults who can be expected to falls due to disease but also in those who are not treated for any acute or chronic disease, as in our study.
- MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- posturální rovnováha MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- techniky cvičení a pohybu * MeSH
- úrazy pádem * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Bolesť spodnej časti chrbta v dôsledku pôsobenia faktorov na pracovisku je častou príčinou zvýšenej pracovnej neschopnosti, dnes už takmer v každom povolaní. Táto práca sa zameriava na jeden z najviac diskutovaných s prácou súvisiacich faktorov faktorov vo vzťahu k bolesti – fyzickú záťaž. Keďže práce z tejto oblasti často prezentujú rozdielne až protichodné zistenia, našim cieľom bolo zistiť nedostatky v súčasnej odbornej literatúre, ktoré by mohli byť dôvodom týchto nezrovnalostí. Na základe použitého päť stupňového metodologického prístupu podľa autorov Arksey & O’Malley, možno rozdiely v zisteniach medzi štúdiami pripísať prevažne ich metodologickým nedostatkom.
Low back pain due to workplace factors is a common cause of increased work absence in almost every occupation today. This study dealt with one of the most discussed work-associated factors in relation to pain – physical workload. Since the studies in this area often present different findings, our aim was to identify gaps in the current literature that could be the reason of these discrepancies. Based on Arksey & O’Malley’s five-step methodological approach, differences in findings between studies can be attributed predominantly to their methodological deficiencies.
- MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lumbalgie * etiologie MeSH
- pracovní zátěž MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Most strength and conditioning coaches deal with the question in the training plan, how to supplement specific exercises, or which non-specific exercises would be the most suitable for achieving the set purpose. This study aims to assess what strength transfer with a focus on the lower limbs is projected from the selected strength intervention program (the right leg exercises only single-joint exercises: leg extension on machine and leg curl; the left leg exercises only multi-joint exercises: deadlift and leg press) to the force of the knee joint flexors and extensors during the eccentric and the concentric contraction. In one training session, the participants repeated every exercise five times in four series. The load intensity was around 90% of 1RM and was increased by 5% after the first and the fifth week. The rest interval was always three minutes long. For the left lower limb, the highest transfer (0.20) was from the leg press to the knee joint extensor at the eccentric contraction and from the deadlift was the highest transfer (0.19) to the knee joint extensor at the eccentric contraction. For the right lower limb, the highest transfer (0.53) was from the leg extension on a machine to the knee joint flexor at the concentric contraction and from the lying leg curl was the highest transfer (0.47) to the knee joint flexor at the concentric contraction.
- MeSH
- bérec MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- dolní končetina MeSH
- kosterní svaly MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- techniky cvičení a pohybu * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The relationship between the muscular strength of hamstrings and quadriceps and their possible muscular imbalance is considered by many authors as one of the causes of knee joint injury. The aim of this work is to assess the exercise program including squat modifications both in terms of progression of lower limb strength and in terms of possible change of H: Q ratio. Probands were divided into five groups (one control, four experimental). The experimental groups practiced the intervention program twice a week for eight weeks (EX1: Barbell squat, EX2: Barbell half squat, EX3: Barbell half squat with countermovement). In one training session participants repeated the exercise five times in six series. All experimental groups exhibited significant differences in mean values (p < 0.01), indicating the progression of lower limb strength measured by 1RM for barbell squat. The differences in the mean values of the H: Q ratio measured on an isokinetic dynamometer in the isokinetic test mode at angular velocities of 60 and 300 degrees per second do not show statistically significant differences (p = 0.99338). The established strength intervention program is suitable for the development of lower limb strength and does not show any changes in the H: Q ratio.
- MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- čtyřhlavý sval stehenní MeSH
- kolenní kloub * patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sportovní úrazy MeSH
- svalová síla MeSH
- techniky cvičení a pohybu MeSH
- zadní stehenní svaly MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary rehabilitation is mainly focused on exercise training and breathing retraining in children with asthma. Conversely, balance training is not usually recommended for the treatment, although postural deficits were found in these patients. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of balance training intervention on postural stability in children with asthma. METHODS: Nineteen children with mild intermittent asthma (age 11.1 ± 2.1 years, height 147.6 ± 13.9 cm, weight 41.8 ± 13.3 kg) were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group and completed a four-week physiotherapy program including breathing exercises and aerobic physical training (six times/week, 45 minutes). Both groups performed the same training, but only the experimental group underwent exercises on balance devices. The center of pressure (CoP) velocity in the anteroposterior (Vy) and mediolateral (Vx) directions, and total CoP velocity (Vtot) were recorded before and after training in the preferred and the adjusted stances under eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. RESULTS: The addition of balance intervention led to significant improvements of Vtot (p = 0.02, p = 0.04) in both types of stance, Vx in the preferred stance (p = 0.03) and Vy in the adjusted stance (p = 0.01) under EO conditions. Significant improvements were also found in Vy in the adjusted stance (p = 0.01) under EC conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study support the effectiveness of balance training as a part of physiotherapy treatment for improving balance performance, predominantly under EO conditions, in children with mild asthma.
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare selected extracellular miRNA levels (miR-16, miR-21, miR-93 and miR-222 with the response to 8-week-long explosive strength training (EXPL), hypertrophic strength training (HYP) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). METHODS: 30 young male athletes of white European origin (mean age: 22.5 ± 4.06 years) recruited at the Faculty of Sports Studies of Masaryk University were enrolled in this study. The study participants were randomly assigned to three possible training scenarios: EXPL, HYP or HITT and participated in 8-week-long program in given arm. Blood plasma samples were collected at the baseline and at week 5 and 8 and anthropometric and physical activity parameters were measured. Pre- and post-intervention characteristics were compared and participants were further evaluated as responders (RES) or non-responders (NRES). RES/NRES status was established for the following characteristics: 300°/s right leg extension (t300), 60°/s right leg extension (t60), isometric extension (IE), vertical jump, isometric extension of the right leg and body fat percentage (BFP). RESULTS: No differences in miRNA levels were apparent between the intervention groups at baseline. No statistically significant prediction role was observed using crude univariate stepwise regression model analysis where RES/NRES status for t300, t60, IE, vertical jump and pFM was used as a dependent variable and miR-21, miR-222, miR-16 and miR-93 levels at baseline were used as independent variables. The baseline levels of miR-93 expressed an independent prediction role for responder status based on isometric extension of the right leg (beta estimate 0.76, 95% CI: -0.01; 1.53, p = 0.052). DISCUSSION: The results of the study indicate that 8-week-long explosive strength training, hypertrophic strength training and high-intensity interval training regimens are associated with significant changes in miR-16, mir-21, miR-222 and miR-93 levels compared to a baseline in athletic young men.
- MeSH
- cvičení * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikro RNA genetika MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- sporty * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
