Q54281827
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- MeSH
- antropologie metody MeSH
- databáze nukleových kyselin MeSH
- genom lidský genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metadata MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA analýza genetika MeSH
- starobylá DNA * analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- vývoj člověka MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Chromatin remodeling complexes are required for many distinct nuclear processes such as transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. However, the contribution of these complexes to the development of complex tissues within an organism is poorly characterized. Imitation switch (ISWI) proteins are among the most evolutionarily conserved ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors and are represented by yeast Isw1/Isw2, and their vertebrate counterparts Snf2h (Smarca5) and Snf2l (Smarca1). In this study, we focused on the role of the Snf2h gene during the development of the mammalian retina. We show that Snf2h is expressed in both retinal progenitors and post-mitotic retinal cells. Using Snf2h conditional knockout mice (Snf2h cKO), we found that when Snf2h is deleted, the laminar structure of the adult retina is not retained, the overall thickness of the retina is significantly reduced compared with controls, and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) is completely missing. The depletion of Snf2h did not influence the ability of retinal progenitors to generate all the differentiated retinal cell types. Instead, the Snf2h function is critical for the proliferation of retinal progenitor cells. Cells lacking Snf2h have a defective S-phase, leading to the entire cell division process impairments. Although all retinal cell types appear to be specified in the absence of the Snf2h function, cell-cycle defects and concomitantly increased apoptosis in Snf2h cKO result in abnormal retina lamination, complete destruction of the photoreceptor layer, and consequently, a physiologically non-functional retina.
- MeSH
- adenosintrifosfatasy * metabolismus MeSH
- buněčné jádro metabolismus MeSH
- chromatin * metabolismus MeSH
- chromozomální proteiny, nehistonové * metabolismus MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- proliferace buněk MeSH
- restrukturace chromatinu * MeSH
- retina MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
A close interaction between the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system of an individual results in a diverse clinical manifestation of the COVID-19 disease. While adaptive immune responses are essential for SARS-CoV-2 virus clearance, the innate immune cells, such as macrophages, may contribute, in some cases, to the disease progression. Macrophages have shown a significant production of IL-6, suggesting they may contribute to the excessive inflammation in COVID-19 disease. Macrophage Activation Syndrome may further explain the high serum levels of CRP, which are normally lacking in viral infections. In adaptive immune responses, it has been revealed that cytotoxic CD8+ T cells exhibit functional exhaustion patterns, such as the expression of NKG2A, PD-1, and TIM-3. Since SARS-CoV-2 restrains antigen presentation by downregulating MHC class I and II molecules and, therefore, inhibits the T cell-mediated immune responses, humoral immune responses also play a substantial role. Specific IgA response appears to be stronger and more persistent than the IgM response. Moreover, IgM and IgG antibodies show similar dynamics in COVID-19 disease.
- MeSH
- adaptivní imunita MeSH
- Betacoronavirus imunologie MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu imunologie MeSH
- koronavirové infekce imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- přirozená imunita MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH
- virová pneumonie imunologie MeSH
- virové vakcíny MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- EBLN, exaptace, endogenous Borna-like N elements,
- MeSH
- Bornaviridae genetika MeSH
- genom lidský * genetika MeSH
- integrace viru MeSH
- komponenty genomu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- Retroviridae MeSH
- virové geny * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- endogenní retroviry * genetika MeSH
- genom lidský * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Retroviridae * genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Formation of all metazoan bodies is controlled by a group of selector genes including homeobox genes, highly conserved across the entire animal kingdom. The homeobox genes from Pou and Six classes are key members of the regulation cascades determining development of sensory organs, nervous system, gonads and muscles. Besides using common bilaterian models, more attention has recently been targeted at the identification and characterization of these genes within the basal metazoan phyla. Cnidaria as a diploblastic sister group to bilateria with simple and yet specialized organs are suitable models for studies on the sensory organ origin and the associated role of homeobox genes. In this work, Pou and Six homeobox genes, together with a broad range of other sensory-specific transcription factors, were identified in the transcriptome of hydrozoan jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi. Phylogenetic analyses of Pou and Six proteins revealed cnidarian-specific sequence motifs and contributed to the classification of individual factors. The majority of the Craspedacusta sowerbyi Pou and Six homeobox genes are predominantly expressed in statocysts, manubrium and nerve ring, the tissues with sensory and nervous activities. The described diversity and expression patterns of Pou and Six factors in hydrozoan jellyfish highlight their evolutionarily conserved functions. This study extends the knowledge of the cnidarian genome complexity and shows that the transcriptome of hydrozoan jellyfish is generally rich in homeodomain transcription factors employed in the regulation of sensory and nervous functions.
- MeSH
- faktory domény POU chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- Hydrozoa genetika MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- orgánová specificita MeSH
- terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
- transkriptom MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
