Brožura si klade za cíl seznámit veřejnost s hrozbami týkajícími se používání a výroby chemických organických látek zvaných endokrinní disruptory, jejichž používání není mnohdy zakázáno ani omezeno.

• MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• životní prostředí a veřejné zdravotnictví zákonodárství a právo   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Znečištění a poškození životního prostředí
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• farmacie a farmakologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• brožury

• MeSH
• Basidiomycota * MeSH
• biodegradace * MeSH
• estrogeny chemie   MeSH
• kontraceptiva orální hormonální * chemie   škodlivé účinky   toxicita   MeSH
• Pleurotus chemie   účinky léků   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

We investigated the abilities of several perspective ligninolytic fungal strains to degrade 12 mono-, di- and trichloro representatives of chlorobenzoic acids (CBAs) under model liquid conditions and in contaminated soil. Attention was also paid to toxicity changes during the degradation, estimated using two luminescent assay variations with Vibrio fischeri. The results show that almost all the fungi were able to efficiently degrade CBAs in liquid media, where Irpex lacteus, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus and Dichomitus squalens appeared to be the most effective in the main factors: degradation and toxicity removal. Analysis of the degradation products revealed that methoxy and hydroxy derivatives were produced together with reduced forms of the original acids. The findings suggest that probably more than one mechanism is involved in the process. Generally, the tested fungal strains were able to degrade CBAs in soil in the 85-99% range within 60 days. Analysis of ergosterol showed that active colonization is an important factor for degradation of CBAs by fungi. The most efficient strains in terms of degradation were I. lacteus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Bjerkandera adusta in soil, which were also able to actively colonize the soil. However, in contrast to P. ostreatus and I. lacteus, B. adusta was not able to significantly reduce the measured toxicity.

• MeSH
• Aliivibrio fischeri účinky léků   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• chlorbenzoáty analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• ergosterol metabolismus   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• lignin chemie   MeSH
• Polyporales enzymologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• beta-galaktosidasa diagnostické užití   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• chlorbenzoáty metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• houby metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• luminiscenční měření metody   MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly metabolismus   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH

A study was conducted to elaborate a fast, simple and efficient method for determination of 15 isomers chlorobenzoic acids (CBAs) in soil using HPLC-UV. Artificially contaminated soil samples were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with 1% acetic acid in a mixture of hexane and acetone (1:1, V/V) under a pressure of 10.34 MPa and temperature of 150°C. The recovery of the ASE method was above 82%. The extracts were concentrated; dimethyl sulfoxide was used to prevent CBA volatilization and the final analysis was performed with a C18 XBridge HPLC column employing a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoracetic acid in water. A HPLC procedure with gradient elution and UV detection was developed and validated. The method exhibited a linear range for 2-CBA; 2,6-CBA; 3-CBA; 4-CBA; 2,3-CBA; 2,3,6-CBA; 2,5-CBA; and 2,4-CBA from 5 to 120 μg/mL with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5 μg/mL, RSD from 2.42 to 9.42% and accuracy from 82 ± 2 to 103 ± 3%. The linear range of determination of 2,4,6-CBA, 3,4-CBA, 2,3,5,6-CBA, 3,5-CBA, 2,3,5-CBA, 2,3,4,5,6-CBA and 2,3,4,5-CBA was 10-120 μg/mL with LOQ 10 μg/mL, RSD from 0.74 to 5.84% and accuracy from 94 ± 1 to 114 ± 1%. The optimized analytical procedure was finally applied on two historically PCB contaminated soils and 9 CBAs were quantified in the samples.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chemická frakcionace metody   MeSH
• chlorbenzoáty analýza   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• isomerie MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• metody pro přípravu analytických vzorků MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rozpouštědla chemie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A new ultra high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection was examined for detection and separation of polychlorinated biphenyls. This included optimization of separation conditions for two model mixtures containing seven and fifteen most relevant congeners, comparison of three types of reversed phase sub-2-micron particle sized columns and assessment of system suitability under the optimized conditions. Calibration curves determined in the range from 0.5 to 50.0 microg/mL exhibited correlation coefficients ranging from 0.997 to 0.999. Lower limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm. The most efficient Grace C18 column filled with 1.5 microm particles was then tested to separate the complex commercial mixture Delor 103, where the elution order was confirmed by GC-MS. 13 individual congeners were separated and some of the other co-eluting congeners could be resolved using another separation dimension performed with a mass spectrometry detector. The developed method could be directly applied to the separation of less complex mixtures in aqueous sample matrixes, which are used in general for enzyme degradation studies.

• MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Geosmithia fungi are little known symbionts of bark beetles. Secondary metabolites of lilac colored species G. lavendula and other nine Geosmithia species were investigated in order to elucidate their possible role in the interactions of the fungi with environment. Hydroxylated anthraquinones (yellow, orange, and red pigments), were found to be the most abundant compounds produced into the medium during the submerged cultivation. Three main compounds were identified as 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone (1), rhodolamprometrin (1-acetyl-2,4,5,7-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone; 2), and 1-acetyl-2,4,5,7,8-pentahydroxyanthraquinone (3). Compounds 2 and 3 (representing the majority of produced metabolites) inhibited the growth of G+-bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentration of 64-512 microg/mL. Anti-inflammatory activity detected as inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 was found only for compound 3 at 1 and 10 microg/mL. Compound 2 interfered with the morphology, compound 3 with cell-cycle dynamics of adherent mammalian cell lines.

• MeSH
• anthrachinony farmakologie   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní farmakologie   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Bacillus subtilis účinky léků   MeSH
• biologické pigmenty farmakologie   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• biotechnologie metody   MeSH
• buněčný cyklus účinky léků   MeSH
• Ficus parazitologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• HeLa buňky MeSH
• hydroxylace MeSH
• Hypocreales metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• inhibitory cyklooxygenasy farmakologie   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nosatcovití fyziologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• spory hub metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Recently, alkylphenols, bisphenols and several synthetic estrogens have been recognized as endocrine disruptors (ED). They can interfere with hormones and thus disrupt development of animals. Investigation of environmental pollution by these chemicals, studies of their toxicity and the ability of various microorganisms to decompose such compounds are now in progress. This work summarizes findings on microbial degradation of ED in the last three decades with a special respect to the promising bioremediation agents - white rot fungi and degradation capacity of their ligninolytic enzymes. Most of the studies are focused on the degradation of ED by purified enzymes although these methods are technically demanding and costly. On the other hand, the ED degradation with fungal cultures are also feasible. The work is aimed at identification of intermediates from ED degradation and their endocrine activities, which is important for better understanding of microbial degradation.

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lakasa metabolismus   MeSH
• lignin MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Phanerochaete metabolismus   MeSH
• Sphingomonas metabolismus   MeSH

Natural estrogens such as estrone, 17beta-estradiol, estriol, and the particularly recalcitrant synthetic estrogen 17alpha-ethinylestradiol used as oral contraceptive, accumulate in the environment and may give rise to health problems. The processes participating in their removal from soil, wastewater, water-sediments, groundwater-aquifer material, and wastewater or sewage treatment plant effluents may involve the action of bacterial and microbial consortia, and in some cases fungi and algae. This review discusses the different efficiencies of bacterial degradation of 17alpha-ethinylestradiol under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, the role of sulfate-, nitrate-, and iron-reducing conditions in anaerobic degradation, and the role of sorption. The participation of autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in cometabolic degradation of estrogens, the estrogen-degrading action of ligninolytic fungi and their extracellular enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese-dependent peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, laccase), and of algae are discussed in detail.

• MeSH
• Bacteria metabolismus   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• estrogeny chemická syntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• ethinylestradiol chemická syntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• houby metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH