• MeSH
• artroskopie metody   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• destičkový růstový faktor farmakologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fibroblasty metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• fraktury kostí diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• kolenní kloub chirurgie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixové metaloproteinasy metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• plazma bohatá na destičky * MeSH
• poranění kotníku diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• synoviální membrána * cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

• MeSH
• imunita fyziologie   MeSH
• imunitní systém fyziologie   MeSH
• nemoci imunitního systému MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• alergologie a imunologie

Determining the drivers of shifting forest disturbance rates remains a pressing global change issue. Large-scale forest dynamics are commonly assumed to be climate driven, but appropriately scaled disturbance histories are rarely available to assess how disturbance legacies alter subsequent disturbance rates and the climate sensitivity of disturbance. We compiled multiple tree ring-based disturbance histories from primary Picea abies forest fragments distributed throughout five European landscapes spanning the Bohemian Forest and the Carpathian Mountains. The regional chronology includes 11,595 tree cores, with ring dates spanning the years 1750-2000, collected from 560 inventory plots in 37 stands distributed across a 1,000 km geographic gradient, amounting to the largest disturbance chronology yet constructed in Europe. Decadal disturbance rates varied significantly through time and declined after 1920, resulting in widespread increases in canopy tree age. Approximately 75% of current canopy area recruited prior to 1900. Long-term disturbance patterns were compared to an historical drought reconstruction, and further linked to spatial variation in stand structure and contemporary disturbance patterns derived from LANDSAT imagery. Historically, decadal Palmer drought severity index minima corresponded to higher rates of canopy removal. The severity of contemporary disturbances increased with each stand's estimated time since last major disturbance, increased with mean diameter, and declined with increasing within-stand structural variability. Reconstructed spatial patterns suggest that high small-scale structural variability has historically acted to reduce large-scale susceptibility and climate sensitivity of disturbance. Reduced disturbance rates since 1920, a potential legacy of high 19th century disturbance rates, have contributed to a recent region-wide increase in disturbance susceptibility. Increasingly common high-severity disturbances throughout primary Picea forests of Central Europe should be reinterpreted in light of both legacy effects (resulting in increased susceptibility) and climate change (resulting in increased exposure to extreme events).

• MeSH
• klimatické změny * MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• období sucha MeSH
• smrk * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• MeSH
• nemoci ledvin MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• nefrologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

Neural precursor cells (NSCs) hold great potential to treat a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and injuries to the spinal cord. However, current delivery techniques require an invasive approach in which an injection needle is advanced into the spinal parenchyma to deliver cells of interest. As such, this approach is associated with an inherent risk of spinal injury, as well as a limited delivery of cells into multiple spinal segments. Here, we characterize the use of a novel cell delivery technique that employs single bolus cell injections into the spinal subpial space. In immunodeficient rats, two subpial injections of human NSCs were performed in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord, respectively. The survival, distribution, and phenotype of transplanted cells were assessed 6-8 months after injection. Immunofluorescence staining and mRNA sequencing analysis demonstrated a near-complete occupation of the spinal cord by injected cells, in which transplanted human NSCs (hNSCs) preferentially acquired glial phenotypes, expressing oligodendrocyte (Olig2, APC) or astrocyte (GFAP) markers. In the outermost layer of the spinal cord, injected hNSCs differentiated into glia limitans-forming astrocytes and expressed human-specific superoxide dismutase and laminin. All animals showed normal neurological function for the duration of the analysis. These data show that the subpial cell delivery technique is highly effective in populating the entire spinal cord with injected NSCs, and has a potential for clinical use in cell replacement therapies for the treatment of ALS, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injury.

• MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• nervové kmenové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• parenchymatická tkáň cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

One of the challenges in clinical translation of cell-replacement therapies is the definition of optimal cell generation and storage/recovery protocols which would permit a rapid preparation of cell-treatment products for patient administration. Besides, the availability of injection devices that are simple to use is critical for potential future dissemination of any spinally targeted cell-replacement therapy into general medical practice. Here, we compared the engraftment properties of established human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derived neural precursor cell (NPCs) line once cells were harvested fresh from the cell culture or previously frozen and then grafted into striata or spinal cord of the immunodeficient rat. A newly developed human spinal injection device equipped with a spinal cord pulsation-cancelation magnetic needle was also tested for its safety in an adult immunosuppressed pig. Previously frozen NPCs showed similar post-grafting survival and differentiation profile as was seen for freshly harvested cells. Testing of human injection device showed acceptable safety with no detectable surgical procedure or spinal NPCs injection-related side effects.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetické vektory genetika   MeSH
• indukované pluripotentní kmenové buňky * fyziologie   transplantace   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mícha MeSH
• mozek MeSH
• nervové kmenové buňky * fyziologie   transplantace   MeSH
• odběr biologického vzorku metody   MeSH
• odběr tkání a orgánů metody   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• přeprogramování buněk * genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• přežívání štěpu fyziologie   MeSH
• spinální injekce * škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• transplantace kmenových buněk * škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• virus Sendai MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• chirurgie operační MeSH
• ortopedické výkony MeSH
• ortopedie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• ortopedie
• chirurgie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• rehabilitace metody   MeSH
• techniky fyzikální terapie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

Increasing evidence indicates that forest disturbances are changing in response to global change, yet local variability in disturbance remains high. We quantified this considerable variability and analyzed whether recent disturbance episodes around the globe were consistently driven by climate, and if human influence modulates patterns of forest disturbance. We combined remote sensing data on recent (2001-2014) disturbances with in-depth local information for 50 protected landscapes and their surroundings across the temperate biome. Disturbance patterns are highly variable, and shaped by variation in disturbance agents and traits of prevailing tree species. However, high disturbance activity is consistently linked to warmer and drier than average conditions across the globe. Disturbances in protected areas are smaller and more complex in shape compared to their surroundings affected by human land use. This signal disappears in areas with high recent natural disturbance activity, underlining the potential of climate-mediated disturbance to transform forest landscapes.

• MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• klimatické změny * MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• technologie dálkového snímání MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• chirurgie operační klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Pediatrie
• NLK Obory
• pediatrie
• chirurgie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie
• učebnice vysokých škol