PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Patellofemoral stability and congruency are influenced by different parameters. Their contribution to anterior knee pain and instability is not fully understood. We investigated, if isolated femoral antetorsion of more than 25° leads to patellofemoral instability. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed 90 knees in patients with patellofemoral complaints and correlated clinical and radiological characteristics. Patients presenting at our center between January 2018 and December 2020 because of patellofemoral pain or instability were included, provided that there was no previous surgical intervention done. RESULTS The severity of trochlea dysplasia classified using the Oswestry-Bristol classification significantly correlated with events of patellofemoral dislocations. (χ=8.152, p=0.043, φ=0.288). All males with a history of patella dislocation had at least a mild trochlea dysplasia. The majority of females complaining about patellofemoral symptoms in general had a dysplastic trochlea. Patella alta is more frequently found in patients with trochlea dysplasia than in patients with a normal femoral trochlea anatomy. DISCUSSION The majority of unstable patellofemoral joints showed a dysplastic trochlea. A high femoral antetorsion was found to be an additional minor factor contributing to instability. Isolated high femoral antetorsion without trochlea dysplasia rather leads to anterior knee pain without patella dislocation. Furthermore, no direct significant correlation between patella alta and patellofemoral instability was found. Patella alta can therefore rather be seen as a result of a dysplastic trochlea than a primary major risk factor for patellofemoral instability. CONCLUSIONS Trochlea dysplasia is the major risk factor for patellofemoral instability. Patella alta can rather be seen as a result of a dysplastic trochlea than as a primary risk factor for patella instability or pain. Isolated high femoral antetorsion often leads to patellofemoral pain syndrome but not to patella dislocations. Key words: MPFL, patella instability, patellofemoral instability.

• MeSH
• bolest komplikace   MeSH
• femur diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• kolenní kloub diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• luxace pately * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nestabilita kloubu * diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   MeSH
• patela chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Osteotomies around the knee are an established technique for treating knee osteoarthritis and other knee conditions by redistributing the body's weight and force within and around the knee joint. The aim of this study was to determine if the Tibia Plafond Horizontal Orientation Angle (TPHA) is a reliable measure for describing ankle alignment of the distal tibia in the coronal plane. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent supracondylar rotational osteotomies for correction of femoral torsion. All patients had standing radiographs taken preoperatively and postoperatively with both knees pointed forward. Five variables, including Mechanical Lateral Distal Tibia Angle (mLDTA), Mechanical Malleolar Angle (mMA), Malleolar Horizontal Orientation Angle (MHA), Tibia Plafond Horizontal Orientation Angle (TPHA), and Tibio Talar Tilt Angle (TTTA), were collected. The preoperative and postoperative measurements were compared to each other using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS A total of 146 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 51.47 ± 11.87 years. There were 92 (63.0%) males and 54 (37.0%) females. MHA decreased from 14.0° ± 5.32° preoperatively to 10.59° ± 3.93° (p < 0.001) postoperatively, and TPHA decreased from 4.88° ± 4.07° preoperatively to 3.82 ± 3.10° (p = 0.013) postoperatively. The change in TPHA was significantly correlated with the change in MHA (r = 0.185, CI 0.023 - 0.337; p = 0.025). No differences were found between the measurements of mLDTA, mMA, and mMA pre- and postoperatively. DISCUSSION The orientation of the ankle should be taken into consideration during preoperative planning of osteotomies and should be measured in cases of postoperative ankle pain. CONCLUSIONS The TPHA is a reliable measure for describing ankle alignment of the distal tibia in the frontal plane. Key words: osteotomy, ankle, realignment, coronal alignment, preoperative planning.

• MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů * chirurgie   MeSH
• dolní končetina MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kolenní kloub diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• tibie * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Fixation of osteochondral fragments are relatively common procedures in pediatric orthopaedic surgery. The use of biodegradable magnesium implants in these indications appears to be a promising alternative to polymer implants due to their favorable mechanical properties and biological behavior. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term clinical and radiological outcomes of the fixation of unstable or displaced osteochondral fractures and osteochondritis dissecans lesions in the knee joint using MAGNEZIX® screws and pins in pediatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 12 patients (5 girls, 7 boys) were included. The inclusion criteria were as follows (1) age below 18 years; (2) unstable or displaced osteochondral fragments secondary to trauma or as a result of osteochondritis dissecans, Grades III and IV in the ICRS (International Cartilage Repair Society) score, confirmed by imaging methods and indicated for surgical fixation; (3) fixation performed using screws or pins made of the magnesium-based MAGNEZIX® alloy; (4) minimum postoperative interval of 12 months. X-rays and clinical evaluation were assessed 1 day, 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation. MRIs were performed 1-year postoperatively for evaluation of bone response and degradation behavior of implants. RESULTS The mean age at surgery was 13.3 ± 1.6 years. A total of 25 screws were used in 11 patients, a mean of 2.4 ± 1 per patient, 4 pins were used in 1 patient. In 2 patients, fixation with screws was complemented with fibrin glue. The mean follow-up was 14.2 ± 3.3 months. All patients exhibited complete functional recovery while showing no signs of pain at 6 months postoperatively. No adverse local reactions were observed. At 1-year follow-up, no implant failure has been reported. Complete radiographic healing occurred in 12 cases. Mild radiolucent zones were observed around the implants. CONCLUSIONS The use of screws and pins MAGNEZIX® has been found to provide satisfactory outcomes in terms of fracture healing and very good functional outcomes at 1 year postoperatively. Key words: biodegradable implants, magnesium-based implants, osteochondral fracture, osteochondritis dissecans, MAGNEZIX®.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fraktury kostí * MeSH
• hojení fraktur MeSH
• hořčík MeSH
• kolenní kloub diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• kostní hřeby MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• osteochondritis dissecans * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Increased tibial slope facilitates anterior translation of tibia relative to the femur, thereby increasing the load on both the native and replaced anterior cruciate ligament. This study aims to retrospectively review the posterior tibial slope in a cohort of our patients after the ACL reconstruction and revision ACL reconstruction. Based on the results obtained by measurements, we aimed to confirm or disprove the claim that the increased posterior tibial slope is one of the risk factors of the ACL reconstruction failure. Another aim of the study was to assess whether there are any correlations between the posterior tibial slope and basic somatic parameters (height, weight, BMI) or the patient s age. MATERIAL AND METHODS The posterior tibial slope was measured retrospectively on lateral X-rays of 375 patients. There were 83 revision reconstructions and 292 primary reconstructions performed. The patient s age at the time of injury, height and weight were recorded and the BMI was calculated. The findings were then statistically analysed. RESULTS The mean posterior tibial slope in 292 primary reconstructions was 8.6 degrees, whereas the mean posterior tibial slope in 83 revision reconstructions was 12.3 degrees. The difference between the studied groups was statistically (p<0.0001) and substantively significant (d=1.35). In the breakdown into men and women, the mean tibial slope was 8.6 degrees in the group of men with primary reconstruction and 12.4 degrees in the group of men with revision reconstruction (p < 0.0001, d = 1.38). A similar result was achieved in women where in the group with primary reconstruction the mean tibial slope was 8.4 degrees, while in the group with revision reconstruction it was 12.3 degrees (p < 0.0001, d = 1.41). Furthermore, a higher age in men at the time of revision surgery (p = 0.009; d = 0.46) and a lower BMI in women at the time of revision surgery (p = 0.0342; d = 0.12) were observed. Conversely, neither height nor weight were different, both when comparing the whole groups and the groups in a breakdown by sex. DISCUSSION As regards the main aim, our results are in line with the results reported by majority of other authors, and they are substantively significant. The posterior tibial slope is a significant risk factor in anterior cruciate ligament replacements, with tibial slope above 12 degrees increasing the risk of ligament failure, namely both in men and women. On the other hand, this is obviously not the sole cause of the ACL reconstruction failure since there are also other risk parameters. It is not yet clear whether it makes sense to indicate correction osteotomy before the ACL replacement in all patients with an increased posterior tibial slope. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed a greater posterior tibial slope in the revision reconstruction group compared to the primary reconstruction group. Thus, we confirmed that greater posterior tibial slope may be a factor leading to the ACL reconstruction failure. Since the posterior tibial slope is easily measured on the baseline X-rays, we recommend to perform this measurement routinely before each ACL reconstruction. In the case of a high posterior tibial slope, slope correction should be considered to prevent potential ACL reconstruction failure. Key words: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, ACL graft failure, morphological risk factors, posterior tibial slope.

• MeSH
• kolenní kloub chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění předního zkříženého vazu * chirurgie   MeSH
• rekonstrukce předního zkříženého vazu * metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• tibie chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Individuals with transtibial amputation place more load on the contralateral lower extremity. A higher adduction moment at the knee joint has been shown to have an effect on the risk of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of weight-bearing of lower-limb prosthesis on the biomechanical parameters associated with the risk of contralateral knee osteoarthritis. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: The experimental group of 14 subjects with unilateral transtibial amputation (13 males). The mean age was 52.7 ± 14.2 years, height 175.6 ± 6.3 cm, weight 82.3 ± 12.5 kg, and duration of prosthesis use 16.5 ± 9.1 years. The control group consisted of 14 healthy subjects with identical anthropometric parameters. Dual emission X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine the weight of the amputated limb. For gait analysis, 10 Qualisys infrared cameras and a motion sensing system on 3 Kistler force platforms were used. Gait was analyzed with the original, lighter, commonly used prosthesis, as well as the prosthesis loaded to the original limb weight. RESULTS: The gait cycle and kinetic parameters of the amputated and healthy limbs were more similar to those of the control group when using the weighted prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend further research to more accurately specify the weight of the lower-limb prosthesis with respect to the prosthesis design and duration of use of the heavier prosthesis during the day.

• MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů * chirurgie   MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• chůze (způsob) MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kolenní kloub chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• umělé končetiny * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Ultrasound has been extensively applied to the diagnosis of and guided interventions for knee disorders. However, although it is commonly affected during sports injuries, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not usually incorporated in the majority of ultrasound scanning protocols. In the past, because of its oblique trajectory and deeper location, the ACL was considered to be a challenging structure for ultrasound imaging. Owing to advances in ultrasound technology and knowledge of knee sono-anatomy, an increasing number of studies are investigating the clinical value of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of ACL injuries. In this regard, the present review aims to elaborate on the sono-anatomy of the ACL, to summarize the evidence for ultrasound imaging for ACL lesions and to investigate whether it is useful in the pre-operative preparation and post-operative follow-up of ACL reconstruction.

• MeSH
• kolenní kloub chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligamentum cruciatum anterius diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• poranění předního zkříženého vazu * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• rekonstrukce předního zkříženého vazu * metody   MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Osteonekróza je relativně časté onemocnění s různou četností svých podjednotek - podle postižení jednotlivých kostí. Toto onemocnění má často výrazné klinické projevy a vysokou pravděpodobnost progrese do pokročilých stadií, což znamená nutnost operačního řešení aloplastikou daného kloubu. V diagnostice hrají hlavní a nepostradatelnou roli zobrazovací metody, tedy zejména prostý snímek, výpočetní tomografie a vyšetření magnetickou rezonancí. Své zastoupení má i nukleární mediána. Prostý snímek a CT vyšetření odhaluje zejména pozdní změny kosti, pomáhá ale v posouzení sekundárních změn v okolia CT pak pomáhá v posouzení tvarových změn kosti. Magnetická rezonance dokáže odhalit změnyještě v preklinickém stadiu, a tedy napomoci omezení progrese do pokročilejších stadií choroby.

Osteonecrosis is a relatively common pathology with varying frequencies of its subunits - according to the affected bone, with significant clinical manifestations and a high probability of progression to an advanced stage, respectively the need for surgical treatment by alloplasty of the given joint. Imaging methods play a major and indispensable role in diagnosis, namely simple scan, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Nuclear medicine is also represented. A simple scan and CT scan mainly reveals late changes in the bone, but it helps in the assessment of secondary changes in the surrounding area and especially CT scan helps in the assessment of the shape changes of the bone. Magnetic resonance imaging can detect changes even in the preclinical stage and thus help to limit progression only to the lighter stages of the disease.

• Klíčová slova
• morbus Ahlbäck,
• MeSH
• artralgie etiologie   MeSH
• artroplastiky kloubů MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• kolenní kloub chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• kyčelní kloub diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• osteonekróza * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   epidemiologie   klasifikace   patologie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY It was a prospective, randomised, unblinded study. Effects of the application of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the anatomic anterior ligament reconstruction were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 40 patients who underwent a surgery between 2012 and 2014 were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomised into two groups: the group with PRF application (n=20) and the group without PRF application (n=20, control group). The study included 11 women and 29 men, with the mean age at the time of inclusion into the study 29.1 years. Vivostat ® PRF was obtained perioperatively from the patient s blood and applied intraoperatively to the hamstring tendon graft. The ACL graft healing was assessed through magnetic resonance (MRI) at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The clinical outcomes (the Lysholm score and the IKDC Subjective score, return to pre-injury sport levels, Pivot-shift test, graft failure) as well as standardised laxity measurements using GenouRob arthrometer were performed preoperatively and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS The study was completed by thirty-three (33) patients (17 in the PRF group and 16 in the control group). In two cases, postoperative graft failure was reported (both cases in the control group). No significant differences were found in the process of graft ligamentization evaluated through MRI (p=0.07). No significant difference between the groups was identified with respect to return to pre-injury sport levels (p=0.232), or the Lysholm score and IKDC Subjective score (p=0.259, and p=0.364 respectively). The postoperative knee laxity measurement using Genourob arthrometer did not reveal any significant differences between the PRF group and the control group. DISCUSSION Results similar to those arrived at by our study have recently been published also by other authors worldwide. We can therefore assume that the application of PRF can be of benefit, especially at the early stage of healing. The results still need to be verified on a larger study group, the study design should focus on the development in the early postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS In our study group, no significant difference was observed in the evaluated subjective and objective clinical parameters. Only the parameter regarding the ACL graft failure fell just short of statistical significance, namely to the disadvantage of the group without the PRF application. Key words: anterior cruciate ligament, arthroscopy, anatomic ACL reconstruction, magnetic resonance imaging of the graft, platelet-rich fibrin, graft healing, MRI signal intensity of the graft.

• MeSH
• fibrin bohatý na krevní destičky * MeSH
• kolenní kloub chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nestabilita kloubu * chirurgie   MeSH
• poranění předního zkříženého vazu * chirurgie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rekonstrukce předního zkříženého vazu * metody   MeSH
• šlachy hamstringů * transplantace   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To characterize constitutional frontal alignment of the ankle in genua vara, valga, and norma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Long-leg standing radiographs of 589 patients presenting between 2011 and 2020 for knee-complaints because of any reason were chosen from our database. Cases with fractures or history of bony-realignment-surgeries were excluded. The Hip-Knee-Ankle angle (HKA), the mechanical Lateral Distal Tibia Angle (mLDTA), and the Tibia-Plafond-Horizontal-Orientation angle (TPHA) were measured in 354 patients. For this study, neutral frontal alignment of the leg was defined as HKA between -3.0° and +4.0°. HKA-values <-3.0° were defined as genua valga and values >4.0° were defined as genua vara. According to these cutoffs, data was categorized into the following three patient groups: genua vara (n=157), genua norma (n=106), genua valga (n=91). For each group, the ankle alignment in the frontal plane was compared to the HKA. Finally, the three groups were compared to each other. RESULTS In the varus-group, the HKA-value was 6.9°±2.4°, the TPHA-value was 4.7°±3.5°, and the mLDTA-value was 87.4°±4.8°. In the neutral-group, the HKA-value was 1.8°±2.0°, the TPHA-value was 2.5°±2.9°, and the mLDTA-value was 87.2°±4.6°. In the valgus-group, the HKA-value was -6.0°±2.7°, the TPHA-value was -0.2°±4.7°, and the mLDTA-value was 85.0°±4.7°. DISCUSSION The frontal alignment of the ankle joint line depends on the overall frontal alignment of the leg. The TPHA correlates with varus or valgus alignment of the knee, but the mLDTA does not. In patients with valgus-aligned long-leg axis, the TPHA demonstrated less valgus alignment than in patients with varus-aligned long-leg axis. This knowledge is especially useful when planning osteotomies for correction of lower extremity malalignment. CONCLUSIONS During the planning process of osteotomies around the knee, the TPHA should be appreciated because it correlates with the constitutional knee alignment. Key words: valgus, varus, frontal alignment, coronal alignment, osteotomy.

• MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů * chirurgie   MeSH
• dolní končetina MeSH
• genua valga * MeSH
• hlezenní kloub diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• kolenní kloub diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• tibie diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Partial knee replacement appears to be an appropriate surgical solution of unicompartmental knee joint osteoarthritis in correctly indicated cases. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of unicondylar knee replacement using the Oxford Phase III system in the group of patients treated by the First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Anne s University Hospital Brno. MATERIAL AND METHODS The prospective study evaluated 47 patients (in 4 patients bilaterally) after the Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement performed between 2011 and 2016. The patients were evaluated using the Knee Society Score (KSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and radiological examination performed at 7.3 years after surgery on average. All the patients were operated on by the same surgeon. RESULTS Based on the questionnaires and the clinical examination, the clinical and functional status was assessed, using the Knee Society Score (KSS). The mean preoperative KSS and FS values were 59.8 and 56.5, respectively. The postoperative KSS and FS values were 91.2 and 83.4. The mean preoperative value of the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) was 27.3. Postoperatively the values reached 40.7 on average. Based on the radiological examination, the lower limb correction of axis in the frontal plane was assessed. The mean axis correction was 3.1°. The mean tibial component slope measured on lateral radiograph was 82.7°. The basic analysis of X-rays did not reveal any component malposition. The implant survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival curve. In our group of patients, the mean survival rate of Oxford Phase III unicondylar knee replacement at 7.3 years postoperatively is 98.0%. DISCUSSION Many studies have reported excellent results of unicondylar knee replacement and a long survival rate of over 90%. Still debated, however, are the indication criteria and also the importance of the surgeon s experience and mastery of the surgical technique. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study confirm our excellent clinical experience and the survival rate of 98% at the mean follow up of 7.3 years after surgery shows great promise for quality long-term results. Overall, crucial for the success of UKR continues to be the compliance with the indication criteria for surgery. The choice of the type of implant and, last but not least, the correct surgical technique and postoperative rehabilitation programme are also important. Key words: unicompartmental knee replacement, Oxford Phase III, osteoarthritis of the knee.

• MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů * chirurgie   MeSH
• kolenní kloub diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• protézy kolene * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• totální endoprotéza kolene * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH