Tonalide
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Synthetic polycyclic musks, widely used as additives in personal care products, are present in both biotic and abiotic matrices of the aquatic environment at concentrations of ng/l to µg/l. Although they are determined at comparatively low concentrations, these levels are biologically relevant and pose a significant growing risk as stressors to aquatic organisms. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of 28-day-long exposure to polycyclic musk tonalide in zebrafish juvenile stages (Danio rerio) using selected biomarkers. Environmentally relevant concentrations of tonalide caused significant changes in selected enzyme activities in the experimental groups exposed to the highest concentrations. The activity of glutathione S-transferase and lipid peroxidation increased significantly (p < 0.05) after exposure to the highest concentration (50,000 ng/l) compared with the control. A similar trend was observed in catalase activity; there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) after exposure to two highest concentrations of tonalide (5000 and 50,000 ng/l). In addition, a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glutathione reductase activity was found in the lowest test concentration of tonalide (50 ng/l). None of the tested concentrations resulted in histopathological changes in liver, kidney, skin, or gill. Furthermore, no effects on body weight, body length, specific growth rate, and behavior were observed. Our results showed that tonalide exposure induced profound changes in the activities of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, such changes representing an adaptive response of the fish organism to tonalide toxicity.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- bioindikátory účinky léků MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- dánio pruhované * růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- katalasa metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost účinky léků MeSH
- testy subchronické toxicity metody MeSH
- tetrahydronaftaleny toxicita MeSH
- žábry účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Synthetic musk compounds are extensively used in personal care and cosmetic products all over the world. Afterwards, they are discharged into the environment mainly because they are not completely removed in wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this study was to investigate if a passive sampler is applicable for the monitoring of tonalide, a polycyclic musk compound, in the aquatic environment and to compare the levels of tonalide in pesticide-polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) and biota. For this purpose, four sampling localities on the three biggest rivers in the Czech Republic were selected. Tonalide was determined in POCIS at all sampling sites in the concentration ranging from 9 ng/POCIS (Labe River, Hradec Králové) to 25 ng/POCIS (Morava River, Blatec). The locality with the most frequent occurrence of tonalide in biota samples was the Morava River which well corresponded with the highest tonalide concentration in POCIS among sampling sites. The highest number of positive tonalide detections among all studied biota samples was found in fish plasma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence that tonalide bioaccumulates in fish blood. Tonalide levels were below the limit of quantification in benthos samples at all sampling sites.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky analýza MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- pesticidy analýza MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- společenstvo MeSH
- tetrahydronaftaleny analýza MeSH
- vodní organismy chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Sewage sludge is an important amendment that enriches soils with organic matter and provides plants with nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. However, knowledge on the fate and effects of organic pollutants present in the sludge on soil organisms is limited. In the present study, the uptake of triclosan, galaxolide, and tonalide in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta was measured 1 wk after amendment of agricultural soil with sewage sludge, while elimination kinetics were assessed over a 21-d period after transferring worms to clean soil. After 1-wk exposure, earthworms had accumulated 2.6 ± 0.6 μg g-1 galaxolide, 0.04 ± 0.02 μg g-1 tonalide, and 0.6 ± 0.2 μg g-1 triclosan. Both synthetic musks were efficiently excreted and below the limit of quantification after 3 and 14 d of depuration for tonalide and galaxolide, respectively. Triclosan concentrations, on the other hand, did not decrease significantly over the depuration period, which may lead to the transfer of triclosan in the food web. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2068-2073. © 2017 SETAC.
- MeSH
- benzopyrany analýza metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- dezinficiencia analýza metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza toxicita MeSH
- odpadní vody chemie MeSH
- Oligochaeta účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- potravní řetězec MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- tetrahydronaftaleny analýza metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- toxikokinetika MeSH
- triclosan analýza metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In the present study, the effect of polycyclic musk compound tonalide (AHTN) in two concentrations was studied in male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792). A feeding trial was conducted with AHTN incorporated into feed granules. One concentration was environmentally relevant (854 µg/kg); the second one was 10× higher (8699 µg/kg). The fish were fed twice a day with the amount of feed at 1 % of their body weight. After an acclimatization period, the experimental phase in duration of six weeks followed. At the end of the experiment, fish were sampled and the biometrical data were recorded. Subsequently, hematological and biochemical tests, histopathological examination, analysis of oxidative stress markers and evaluation of endocrine disruption using plasma vitellogenin were performed. In conclusion, an increase of hematocrit for both AHTN concentrations was found, but no significant changes were observed in biochemical profile. Moreover, AHTN caused lipid peroxidation in caudal kidney tissue, which was confirmed by histopathological images. The long-lasting AHTN exposure could thus be harmful for maintaining homeostasis in the rainbow trout organism. However, the vitellogenin concentration seemed not to be affected by AHTN.
- MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory toxicita MeSH
- játra účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné mononenasycené toxicita MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- Oncorhynchus mykiss krev metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- rybí proteiny krev MeSH
- tetrahydronaftaleny toxicita MeSH
- vitelogeniny krev MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- žábry účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Synthetic musk fragrances, which are contained in almost all scented consumer products, enter aquatic environment mainly by way of wastewater paths. To monitor contamination of the Vltava River by these relatively persistent chemicals in the surroundings of Prague industrialized agglomeration, chub (Leuciscus cephalus) was employed as a bioindicator. Validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used for fish sample examination. Polycyclic musks, represented by 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-(gamma)-2-benzopyran (galaxolide) and 1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-ethanone (tonalide) were the most abundant representatives of this group; their levels in fillets were in the range of 1.7 to 105.9 microg/kg and 0.9 to 19.3 microg/kg wet weight, respectively. Nitro-musks, musk ketone, and musk xylene were also detected in most samples; nevertheless, their levels were lower,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- Cyprinidae metabolismus MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kyseliny mastné mononenasycené analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- parfém analýza MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
An original method based on capillary zone electrophoresis with fluorimetric detection has been developed for the determination of terpenic compounds. The method is based on the separation of a terpenes dynamically labeled by the non-ionogenic tenside poly(ethylene glycol) pyrenebutanoate, which was used previously for the labeling of biopolymers. The background electrolytes were composed of taurine-Tris buffer (pH 8.4). In addition to the non-ionogenic tenside aceton and poly(ethylene glycol) were used as the additives. The capillary zone electrophoresis with fluorometric detection at the excitation wavelength 335 nm and the emission wavelength 463 nm was successfully applied to the analysis of tonalid, cholesterol, vitamin A, ergosterol, estrone and farnesol at level of 10(-17) mol L(-1). Farnesol, is produced by Candida albicans as an extracellular quorum-sensing molecule that influences expression of a number of virulence factors, especially morphogenesis and biofilm formation. It enables this yeast to cause serious nosocomial infections. The sensitivity of this method was demonstrated on the separation of farnesol directly from the cultivation medium.
- MeSH
- biofilmy MeSH
- butyráty chemie MeSH
- Candida albicans chemie metabolismus MeSH
- cholesterol chemie MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární metody MeSH
- ergosterol chemie MeSH
- estron chemie MeSH
- farnesol chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- fluorometrie metody MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- quorum sensing MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- terpeny chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- tetrahydronaftaleny chemie MeSH
- vitamin A chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
