UNLABELLED: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of this pilot study was to develop The Eastbourne Miami-J Protocol for care of cervical injuries within the community. Led by orthopaedic senior practitioners, a multidisciplinary approach was developed to provide education and collar care for patients on a weekly basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 51 patients (17 male and 33 female), mean age 74 years (21 to 95) with CT confirmed cervical injuries during November 2010 and May 2014 followed the Eastbourne Miami-J Protocol. RESULTS Patients required collar care on average for 7.25 weeks. Thirty-two patients had single level cervical injuries with C2 the commonest. Complications included: 6 patients with psychosocial issues; 10 patients with skin erythema due to ill-fitting collars and 2 patients with skin breakdown requiring dressings. CONCLUSION The Eastbourne Miami-J protocol demonstrates that a multidisciplinary approach, championed by the casting department, can provide care for patients with cervical injuries within the community. KEY WORDS: cervical spine, C-spine, cervical collar, community, rehabilitation.

• MeSH
• Equipment Design MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Interprofessional Relations MeSH
• Cervical Vertebrae diagnostic imaging   injuries   physiopathology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Disease Management MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
• Range of Motion, Articular physiology   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Braces adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Extra-pair copulations (EPC) are the rule rather than an exception in socially monogamous birds, but despite widespread occurrences, the benefits of female infidelity remain elusive. Most attention has been paid to the possibility that females gain genetic benefits from EPC, and fitness comparisons between maternal half-siblings are considered to be a defining test of this hypothesis. Recently, it was shown that these comparisons may be confounded by within-brood maternal effects where one such effect may be the distribution of half-siblings in the laying order. However, this possibility is difficult to study as it would be necessary to detect the egg from which each chick hatched. In this study, we used a new approach for egg-chick assignment and cross-fostered eggs on an individual basis among a set of nests of the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis. After hatching, chicks were ascribed to mothers and therefore to individual eggs by molecular genetic methods. Extra-pair young predominated early in the laying order. Under natural conditions, this should give them a competitive advantage over their half-siblings, mediated by hatching asynchrony. However, we experimentally synchronized hatching, and after this treatment, extra-pair young did not outperform within-pair young in any studied trait including survival up to recruitment and several indicators of reproductive success and attractiveness. We obtained only modest sample sizes for the last two traits and did not test for extra-pair success of male offspring. Thus, we cannot exclude the possibility of advantages of extra-pair young during the adult phase of life. However, our data tentatively suggest that the more likely reason for females' EPCs is the insurance against the infertility of a social mate.

• MeSH
• Genetic Fitness MeSH
• Genotyping Techniques MeSH
• Microsatellite Repeats MeSH
• Oviparity MeSH
• Reproduction genetics   MeSH
• Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
• Sexual Behavior, Animal MeSH
• Songbirds genetics   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

BACKGROUND: Fractures of the medial clavicle third are rare injuries. Even in case of significant fracture displacement, their therapeutic management has been nonoperative. Recently, surgical intervention has become mandatory for displaced fractures types to prevent non-union and functional complaints, but the optimal operative strategy is being discussed controversially. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 63-year-old male patient with a significantly displaced medial clavicle fracture after failed conservative treatment resulting in restricted, painful shoulder function. The patient underwent open reduction and osteosynthesis with an anatomically precontoured locking compression plate (LCP). One year after surgery the patient is free of complaints and has returned to his preinjury activity level without any functional restrictions. CONCLUSION: As a not yet reported operative approach, anatomically preshaped locking plating seems to be an effective fixation method for displaced fractures of the medial clavicle third. The operative management is described in detail and discussed with the current literature. Based on the presented case, we underline the statement that displaced medial clavicle fractures should be surgically addressed to avoid late damage.

• MeSH
• Fractures, Bone * radiography   surgery   MeSH
• Fracture Healing MeSH
• Clavicle * injuries   pathology   physiopathology   surgery   MeSH
• Bone Plates * MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Recovery of Function MeSH
• Prosthesis Design methods   MeSH
• Fractures, Malunited radiography   surgery   MeSH
• Fracture Fixation, Internal * instrumentation   methods   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH
• Review MeSH

• Keywords
• plovoucí rameno,
• MeSH
• Fracture Dislocation surgery   therapy   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Clavicle injuries   MeSH
• Conservative Treatment MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Scapula injuries   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Joint Instability surgery   therapy   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Shoulder physiopathology   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Range of Motion, Articular MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Aim:Pain and anxiety are unpleasant feelings associated with actual or potential tissue damage. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of aromatherapy with orange oil on the pain and anxiety of patients with limb fractures hospitalized in an emergency ward. Design:Randomized Clinical Trial. Methods:60 patients in an emergency ward were allocated to one of two groups: an experimental and a control group, using a randomized blocking sampling method. Four drops of orange oil were poured onto a pad, which was attached to his/her collar by a plastic safety pin (posing no risk to patients), so that the distance from the patient’s head was not more than 20 cm. To prevent loss of aroma from the impregnated pad, the fragrance was replaced every hour. Pain was measured every hour for six hours, and the patients’ anxiety rate was measured before and after the intervention. All data were analysed using SPSS 21. Results:Mean age of participants was 37.93 ± 18.19 years. Most fractures were in thescapula area (11 patients –18.3%). The results indicated a significantdifference between the mean ofanxiety in the intervention group (p < 0.001) compared to the control group (p = 0.339). Regarding pain, a Friedman test showed significant differences between the mean of pain in the intervention group (p < 0.001) comparedto the control group (p = 0.339). Conclusion:Aromatherapy with orange essential oil reduced pain and anxiety in patients with limb fractures. Therefore, the application of aromatherapy with orange essential oil as a complementary therapy is recommended for these patients.

• Keywords
• pomerančový olej,
• MeSH
• Aromatherapy * methods   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Fractures, Bone * complications   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pain Management methods   MeSH
• Pain Measurement methods   MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Oils, Volatile therapeutic use   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Emergency Service, Hospital MeSH
• Anxiety epidemiology   therapy   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Publication type
• Retracted Publication MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Geographicals
• Iran MeSH

The vertebrate oral region represents a key interface between outer and inner environments, and its structural and functional design is among the limiting factors for survival of its owners. Both formation of the respective oral opening (primary mouth) and establishment of the food-processing apparatus (secondary mouth) require interplay between several embryonic tissues and complex embryonic rearrangements. Although many aspects of the secondary mouth formation, including development of the jaws, teeth or taste buds, are known in considerable detail, general knowledge about primary mouth formation is regrettably low. In this paper, primary mouth formation is reviewed from a comparative point of view in order to reveal its underestimated morphogenetic diversity among, and also within, particular vertebrate clades. In general, three main developmental modes were identified. The most common is characterized by primary mouth formation via a deeply invaginated ectodermal stomodeum and subsequent rupture of the bilaminar oral membrane. However, in salamander, lungfish and also in some frog species, the mouth develops alternatively via stomodeal collar formation contributed both by the ecto- and endoderm. In ray-finned fishes, on the other hand, the mouth forms via an ectoderm wedge and later horizontal detachment of the initially compressed oral epithelia with probably a mixed germ-layer derivation. A very intriguing situation can be seen in agnathan fishes: whereas lampreys develop their primary mouth in a manner similar to the most common gnathostome pattern, hagfishes seem to undergo a unique oropharyngeal morphogenesis when compared with other vertebrates. In discussing the early formative embryonic correlates of primary mouth formation likely to be responsible for evolutionary-developmental modifications of this area, we stress an essential role of four factors: first, positioning and amount of yolk tissue; closely related to, second, endoderm formation during gastrulation, which initiates the process and constrains possible evolutionary changes within this area; third, incipient structure of the stomodeal primordium at the anterior neural plate border, where the ectoderm component of the prospective primary mouth is formed; and fourth, the prime role of Pitx genes for establishment and later morphogenesis of oral region both in vertebrates and non-vertebrate chordates.

• MeSH
• Basement Membrane embryology   MeSH
• Biological Evolution * MeSH
• Ectoderm embryology   MeSH
• Phylogeny MeSH
• Vertebrates embryology   MeSH
• Mouth embryology   MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH