• Klíčová slova
• program ZRS, ZahnRekonstruktionsSystem,
• MeSH
• dentální technologie metody   MeSH
• design s pomocí počítače využití   MeSH
• estetika stomatologická MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• návrh zubní náhrady metody   MeSH
• počítačová grafika využití   MeSH
• počítačová simulace využití   MeSH
• řezáky MeSH
• software MeSH
• zubní náhrady MeSH
• zuby umělé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

The phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis suggests that females can judge male fertility by inspecting male phenotypic traits. This is because male sexually selected traits might correlate with sperm quality if both are sensitive to factors that influence male condition. A recent meta-analysis found little support for this hypothesis, suggesting little or no shared condition dependence. However, we recently reported that in captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) inbreeding had detrimental effects both on phenotypic traits and on measures of sperm quality, implying that variation in inbreeding could induce positive covariance between indicator traits and sperm quality. Therefore, we here assess empirically the average strength of correlations between phenotypic traits (courtship rate, beak colour, tarsus length) and measures of sperm quality (proportion of functional sperm, sperm velocity, sperm length) in populations of only outbred individuals and in mixed populations consisting of inbreds (F = 0.25) and outbreds (F = 0). As expected, phenotype sperm-trait correlations were stronger when the population contained a mix of inbred and outbred individuals. We also found unexpected heterogeneity between our two study populations, with correlations being considerably stronger in a domesticated population than in a recently wild-derived population. Correlations ranged from essentially zero among outbred-only wild-derived birds (mean Fisher's Zr ± SE = 0.03 ± 0.10) to moderately strong among domesticated birds of mixed inbreeding status (Zr ± SE = 0.38 ± 0.08). Our results suggest that, under some conditions, the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis might apply.

• MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fertilita * MeSH
• inbreeding * MeSH
• námluvy MeSH
• Passeriformes * MeSH
• spermie MeSH
• zobák MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In temperate regions, the shortening day length informs many insect species to prepare for winter by inducing diapause. The adult diapause of the linden bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus, involves a reproductive arrest accompanied by energy storage, reduction of metabolic needs, and preparation to withstand low temperatures. By contrast, nondiapause animals direct nutrient energy to muscle activity and reproduction. The photoperiod-dependent switch from diapause to reproduction is systemically transmitted throughout the organism by juvenile hormone (JH). Here, we show that, at the organ-autonomous level of the insect gut, the decision between reproduction and diapause relies on an interaction between JH signaling and circadian clock genes acting independently of the daily cycle. The JH receptor Methoprene-tolerant and the circadian proteins Clock and Cycle are all required in the gut to activate the Par domain protein 1 gene during reproduction and to simultaneously suppress a mammalian-type cryptochrome 2 gene that promotes the diapause program. A nonperiodic, organ-autonomous feedback between Par domain protein 1 and Cryptochrome 2 then orchestrates expression of downstream genes that mark the diapause vs. reproductive states of the gut. These results show that hormonal signaling through Methoprene-tolerant and circadian proteins controls gut-specific gene activity that is independent of circadian oscillations but differs between reproductive and diapausing animals.

• MeSH
• cirkadiánní hodiny fyziologie   MeSH
• fotoperioda MeSH
• Heteroptera genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• hmyzí geny fyziologie   MeSH
• hmyzí proteiny biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• kryptochromy biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• methopren metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce fyziologie   MeSH
• střeva metabolismus   MeSH
• transkripční faktory biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Juvenile hormone (JH) postpones metamorphosis of insect larvae until they have attained an appropriate stage and size. Then, during the final larval instar, a drop in JH secretion permits a metamorphic molt that transforms larvae to adults either directly (hemimetaboly) or via a pupal stage (holometaboly). In both scenarios, JH precludes metamorphosis by activating the Kr-h1 gene through a JH receptor, Methoprene-tolerant (Met). Removal of Met, Kr-h1, or JH itself triggers deleterious precocious metamorphosis. Although JH is thought to maintain the juvenile status throughout larval life, various methods of depleting JH failed to induce metamorphosis in early-instar larvae. To determine when does JH signaling become important for the prevention of precocious metamorphosis, we chose the hemimetabolous bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus, and the holometabolous silkworm, Bombyx mori. Both species undergo a fixed number of five larval instars. Pyrrhocoris larvae subjected to RNAi-mediated knockdown of Met or Kr-h1 underwent precocious adult development when treated during the fourth (penultimate) instar, but younger larvae proved increasingly resistant to loss of either gene. The earliest instar developing minor signs of precocious metamorphosis was the third. Therefore, the JH-response genes may not be required to maintain the larval program during the first two larval instars. Next, we examined Bombyx mod mutants that cannot synthesize authentic, epoxidized forms of JH. Although mod larvae expressed Kr-h1 mRNA at severely reduced levels since hatching, they only entered metamorphosis by pupating after four, rarely three instars. Based on findings in Pyrrhocoris and Bombyx, we propose that insect postembryonic development is initially independent of JH. Only later, when larvae gain competence to enter metamorphosis, JH signaling becomes necessary to prevent precocious metamorphosis and to optimize growth.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• biologická proměna fyziologie   MeSH
• bourec růst a vývoj   MeSH
• DNA primery genetika   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• Heteroptera růst a vývoj   MeSH
• juvenilní hormony metabolismus   MeSH
• larva fyziologie   MeSH
• methopren MeSH
• RNA interference MeSH
• signální transdukce fyziologie   MeSH
• transkripční faktory Krüppel-like metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Intestinal milieu disorders are strongly related to the occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which results from mucosa destruction, epithelium disruption, and tight junction (TJ) proteins loss. Excess of H2 S in the intestinal milieu produced by the sulfate-reducing bacteria metabolism contributes to development of IBDs via epithelial barrier breakdown. Conventional interventions, such as surgery and anti-inflammatory medications, are considered not completely effective because of frequent recurrence and other complications. Herein, a novel oral delivery system, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)-based polymer-coated Zr-based metal-organic framework (UiO-66) with a Cux -rhodamine B (CR) probe (hereinafter referred to as HUR), is produced via a co-flow microfluidic approach with the ability to reduce H2 S levels, thus restoring the intestinal lumen milieu. HPMCAS serves as an enteric coating that exposes UiO-66@CR at the pH of the intestine but not the acidic pH of the stomach. The synthesized HUR exhibits notable therapeutic efficacy, including mucosa recovery, epithelium integrity restoration, and TJ proteins upregulation via H2 S scavenging to protect against intestinal barrier damage and microbiome dysbiosis. Thus, HUR is verified to be a promising theranostic platform able to decrease the H2 S content for intestinal milieu disorder treatment. The presented study therefore opens the door for further exploitation for IBDs therapy.

• MeSH
• mikrofluidika MeSH
• porézní koordinační polymery * metabolismus   MeSH
• střeva MeSH
• střevní sliznice metabolismus   MeSH
• sulfan chemie   MeSH
• těsný spoj MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• buňky * MeSH
• molekulární biologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• NLK Obory
• molekulární biologie, molekulární medicína
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol

• MeSH
• chorobopisy - počítačové systémy MeSH
• management znalostí MeSH
• metody pro podporu rozhodování MeSH
• mezisektorová spolupráce MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
• řízení zdravotnictví MeSH
• studium lékařství MeSH
• zdravotnické informační systémy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• souborné dílo MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• lékařská informatika
• NLK Publikační typ
• ročenky