Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has gained popularity among scientists and researchers in every field due to its potential to drastically reduce energy costs for the production of customized products by utilizing less energy-intensive machines as well as minimizing material waste. The 3D printing technology is an additive manufacturing approach that uses material layer-by-layer fabrication to produce the digitally specified 3D model. The use of 3D printing technology in the pharmaceutical sector has the potential to revolutionize research and development by providing a quick and easy means to manufacture personalized one-off batches, each with unique dosages, distinct substances, shapes, and sizes, as well as variable release rates. This overview addresses the concept of 3D printing, its evolution, and its operation, as well as the most popular types of 3D printing processes utilized in the health care industry. It also discusses the application of these cutting-edge technologies to the pharmaceutical industry, advancements in various medical fields and medical equipment, 3D bioprinting, the most recent initiatives to combat COVID-19, regulatory frameworks, and the major challenges that this technology currently faces. In addition, we attempt to provide some futuristic approaches to 3DP applications.
- MeSH
- 3D tisk * MeSH
- bioprinting metody MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- farmaceutický průmysl MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poskytování zdravotní péče MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Úvod a cíl: Plně digitální workflow začíná ovládat naše ordinace. Přesnost a správnost některých intraorálních skenerů je nejenom dostatečná, ale výrazně překonává klasickou technologii otiskování (sádrový model) pro účely malých protetických rekonstrukcí. U velkých rekonstrukcí je ale situace zcela jiná. Cílem tohoto přehledu bylo shrnout současné poznatky o používaných technologiích intraorálních skenerů a měření jejich přesnosti. Dalším cílem bylo zhodnocení pomůcek/přípravků a postupů zpřesňujících intraorální skenování u velkých fixních protetických rekonstrukcí. Metodika: V databázích PubMed/Medline, Scopus a Embase bylo provedeno vyhledávání na základě klíčových slov: „Intraoral scanner“, „CAD/CAM“, „Trueness“, „Precision“, „Optical impression“, „Custom-made measuring device“, „Guided implant scanning“, „Continuous scan strategy“. Výsledky byly omezeny na články publikované v anglickém jazyce v letech 2010–2024. Výsledky: Kritéria pro zařazení do našeho článku splňovalo 37 publikací. Článků popisujících technologie, se kterými pracují dostupné intraorální skenery, bylo velmi málo. Publikací, které se zaměřovaly na zpřesnění intraorálního skenovaní pomocí nových postupů nebo přípravků, bylo 21. Zbylé zahrnuté články se zabývaly srovnáváním přesnosti intraorálních skenerů mezi různými výrobky nebo srovnáním s tradičními výrobními postupy. Většina studií porovnávajících přesnost intraorálních skenerů dříve využívala měření vzdálenosti a úhlové chyby. V novějších studiích převládá metoda překrývání povrchových dat získaných 3D skenery. Pouze jedna studie využívá pyramid replacement method s Prokrustovou analýzou. Závěr: Článků zabývajících se principem intraorálních skenerů je velmi málo a ve stomatologických časopisech jde o raritu. Z analýzy dostupné literatury vyplývá, že možností zpřesnění intraorálního skenu je více. Jedná se zejména o optimalizaci trasy skenování a zapojení jiných přístrojů bez skládací chyby do protetických postupů. Nadějně vypadají zejména extraorální skenery, a hlavně zapojení protetických laboratorních skenerů. Zmenšení deformace intraorálních skenů pomocí různých přípravků pravděpodobně nepřinese požadované zpřesnění.
Introduction and aim: A fully digital workflow is increasingly dominating our surgeries. For small prosthetic reconstructions on teeth or implants, the precision and trueness of certain intraoral scanners are not only sufficient, but significantly better than the conventional technology – dental impression/plaster model. A completely different situation arises with large reconstructions. The aim of this literature review was to summarize the current knowledge on intraoral scanner technologies and their accuracy measurements. Another aim was to evaluate devices and procedures for improving the accuracy of intraoral scans in large fixed prosthetic reconstructions. Methods: The PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched using the following keywords: “Intraoral scanner”, “CAD/CAM”, “Trueness”, “Precision”, “Optical impression”, “Custom-made measuring device”, “Guided implant scanning”, “Continuous scan strategy”. The results were limited to articles published in the English language between 2010 and 2024. Results: Thirty-seven publications met the inclusion criteria. There are very few articles describing the technology used by currently available intraoral scanners. Twenty-one publications focused on improving the accuracy of intraoral scanning using new procedures or devices. The remainder of the included articles compared the accuracy of intraoral scanners across different products or compared to traditional prosthetic procedures. Most of the older studies comparing the accuracy of intraoral scanners used distance measurements and angular errors. In more recent studies, the method of superimposing surface data obtained by 3D scanners was predominant. Only one study employed the pyramid replacement method with Procrustean analysis. Conclusion: Articles addressing the principles of intraoral scanners are scarce and rarely found in dental journals. An analysis of the available literature shows that there are multiple options to improve the accuracy of intraoral scanning. These strategies primarily involve optimizing the scanning path and incorporating additional devices to avoid merging errors in the prosthetic workflow. Extraoral scanners and the use of prosthetic lab scanners are especially promising. Reducing the merging error of intraoral scans using different devices probably does not have the potential to ensure the required accuracy.
The utilization of 3D printing- digital light processing (DLP) technique, for the direct fabrication of microneedles encounters the problem of drug solubility in printing resin, especially if it is predominantly composed of water. The possible solution how to ensure ideal belonging of drug and water-based printing resin is its pre-formulation in nanosuspension such as nanocrystals. This study investigates the feasibility of this approach on a resin containing nanocrystals of imiquimod (IMQ), an active used in (pre)cancerous skin conditions, well known for its problematic solubility and bioavailability. The resin blend of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate as a photoinitiator, was used, mixed with IMQ nanocrystals in water. The final microneedle-patches had 36 cylindrical microneedles arranged in a square grid, measuring approximately 600 μm in height and 500 μm in diameter. They contained 5wt% IMQ, which is equivalent to a commercially available cream. The homogeneity of IMQ distribution in the matrix was higher for nanocrystals compared to usual crystalline form. The release of IMQ from the patches was determined ex vivo in natural skin and revealed a 48% increase in efficacy for nanocrystal formulations compared to the crystalline form of IMQ.
- MeSH
- 3D tisk * MeSH
- aplikace kožní MeSH
- imichimod * chemie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- jehly * MeSH
- kožní absorpce MeSH
- kůže metabolismus MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- mikroinjekce přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- nanočástice * chemie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly chemie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- povidon chemie MeSH
- rozpustnost * MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The medial approach for minimally invasive harvesting of a deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap is described for reconstruction of the jaw. The associated preservation of the crest of the ilium prevents the raising of the abdominal internal oblique muscle (IO) in a standard fashion. However, reconstructive surgery of composite mandibular defects includes bone and soft tissue. To achieve this goal, we combined this technique with a new perforator-based raising of the IO for reconstruction of intraoral soft tissue. METHODS: In this study, we present eight cases of patients with composite mandibular defects who underwent the myo-osseous DCIA flap procedure with an IO perforator. Virtual surgical planning was employed to preplan the size and configuration of the graft. Cutting guides were made using CAD/CAM technology. The surgical procedure followed the described medial approach for minimally invasive harvesting, leaving the iliac crest, spine, and skin intact. In addition, we completely cut and isolated the IO with its sole attachment being the ascending branch of the DCIA. We used either a surgical guide with a slot to lead through both the transverse branch of the bone and the ascending branch of the IO or a surgical guide consisting of 2 parts. RESULTS: In all instances, the flap successfully survived with a 100% success rate. There were no signs of infection, wound opening, or bleeding in either patient. Furthermore, the patients did not exhibit permanent complications related to the donor site. The internal oblique perforator flap exhibited remarkable integration in all patients and underwent rapid transformation. Notably, the flap developed keratinized mucosa (KM) that closely resembled the attached gingiva. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of a medial approach for harvesting a newly designed more flexible chimeric myo-osseous deep circumflex iliac artery flap. By incorporating virtual surgical planning and custom-made cutting guides for obtaining deep circumflex iliac artery flaps through the medial route along with an internal oblique perforator flap, we have established a highly promising method for the rehabilitation of patients with composite mandibular defects. This approach not only improves functional outcomes, but also enhances aesthetic results to maintain patients' quality of life.
- MeSH
- arteria iliaca chirurgie MeSH
- chirurgické laloky MeSH
- design s pomocí počítače MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mandibula chirurgie MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony metody MeSH
- os ilium chirurgie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
RNA secondary (2D) structure visualization is an essential tool for understanding RNA function. R2DT is a software package designed to visualize RNA 2D structures in consistent, recognizable, and reproducible layouts. The latest release, R2DT 2.0, introduces multiple significant features, including the ability to display position-specific information, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms or SHAPE reactivities. It also offers a new template-free mode allowing visualization of RNAs without pre-existing templates, alongside a constrained folding mode and support for animated visualizations. Users can interactively modify R2DT diagrams, either manually or using natural language prompts, to generate new templates or create publication-quality images. Additionally, R2DT features faster performance, an expanded template library, and a growing collection of compatible tools and utilities. Already integrated into multiple biological databases, R2DT has evolved into a comprehensive platform for RNA 2D visualization, accessible at https://r2dt.bio.
The integration of 3D printing into the pharmaceutical sciences opens new possibilities for personalized medicine. Poly(lactide) (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, is highly suitable for biomedical applications, particularly in the context of 3D printing. However, its processability often requires the addition of plasticizers. This study investigates the use of phase diagram modeling as a tool to guide the rational selection of plasticizers and to assess their impact on the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of PLA-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Thermodynamic stability against API recrystallization was predicted based on the API solubility in PLA and Plasticizer-PLA carriers using the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS), while the kinetic stability of the ASDs was evaluated by modeling the glass transition temperatures of the mixtures. Two APIs, indomethacin (IND) and naproxen (NAP), with differing glass-forming abilities (i.e., recrystallization tendencies), and three plasticizers, triacetin (TA), triethyl citrate (TEC), and poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL), were selected for investigation. The physical stability of ASD formulations containing 9 wt% API and plasticizer to PLA in two ratios, 10:81 and 20:71 w/w %, was monitored over time using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction and compared with phase diagram predictions. All formulations were predicted to be thermodynamically unstable; however, those containing no plasticizer or with TEC and TA at 10 wt% were predicted to exhibit some degree of kinetic stability. Long-term physical studies corroborated these predictions. The correlation between the predicted phase behavior and long-term physical stability highlights the potential of phase diagram modeling as a tool for the rational design of ASDs in pharmaceutical 3D printing.
- MeSH
- 3D tisk * MeSH
- citráty chemie MeSH
- diferenciální skenovací kalorimetrie metody MeSH
- farmaceutická chemie metody MeSH
- farmaceutická technologie metody MeSH
- indomethacin * chemie MeSH
- krystalizace MeSH
- naproxen chemie MeSH
- polyestery * chemie MeSH
- rozpouštědla chemie MeSH
- rozpustnost * MeSH
- stabilita léku MeSH
- termodynamika MeSH
- tranzitní teplota MeSH
- triacetin chemie MeSH
- změkčovadla * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted numerous industries, including health care, dentistry, and specifically prosthodontics. This review focuses on AI's role in prosthodontics, detailing its use in diagnosis, design, and manufacturing. AI-driven systems analyze intraoral scans, improve prosthetic planning, and aid in robotic procedures. Emerging technologies, such as generative AI for prosthetic design and AI-driven material innovation, are discussed alongside the ethical and regulatory challenges facing broader adoption. The review highlights AI's potential to transform prosthodontic workflows, facilitating more accurate, efficient, and personalized care, while also pointing to future developments such as real-time monitoring and enhanced collaboration platforms.
- MeSH
- design s pomocí počítače MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stomatologická protetika * metody MeSH
- umělá inteligence * MeSH
- zubní protéza - design metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Rozštěpy rtu a patra patří mezi nejčastější vrozené vady obličeje. Léčba rozštěpů je centralizovaná, multioborová a podílí se na ní plastický chirurg, ortodontista, anesteziolog, klinický logoped a další profese. Incidence rozštěpů rtu a patra zůstává stále přibližně stejná, mění se však přístup k jejich léčbě. Mezi moderní postupy léčby se stále více přidává 3D tisk a léčebné a výukové možnosti s ním spojené.
Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common congenital defects of the head. The treatment of clefts is centralized, multidisciplinary, and involves a plastic surgeon, orthodontist, anesthesiologist, clinical speech therapist, and other specialists. While the incidence of cleft lip and cleft palate remains approximately unchanged, the approach to their treatment is evolving. Modern treatment methods increasingly include 3D printing and the associated therapeutic and educational possibilities.
- MeSH
- 3D tisk MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obturátory patra MeSH
- rozštěp patra * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- rozštěp rtu * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Biomedicínské inženýrství se stalo nedílnou součástí moderní kardiologické péče, čímž se otevřely nové možnosti pro diagnostiku a léčbu srdečních onemocnění. Tento interdisciplinární obor propojuje technické a medicínské znalosti, aby vytvořil inovativní řešení, která zvyšují kvalitu života pacientů. Biomedicínští inženýři jsou v rámci kardiologie nejčastěji zaměstnáváni v oborech, jako je elektrofyziologie, neinvazivní kardiologie, intervenční kardiologie, telemedicína a v dalších specializovaných odvětvích, kde kromě klinické práce využívají své odborné znalosti k optimalizaci technologií a zdravotnických přístrojů. Dále se podílejí na vývoji a zdokonalování technologií jako jsou biosenzory, implantabilní zařízení, pokročilé metody zpracování signálů a využití umělé inteligence pro diagnostiku. Spolupráce mezi lékaři a inženýry je klíčová pro zlepšení péče o pacienty a umožňuje vývoj efektivních léčebných postupů. Tento článek se zaměřuje na úlohu biomedicínských inženýrů v kardiologii, jejich profesní postavení v českém zdravotnictví a budoucí výzvy, které obor přináší.
Biomedical engineering has become an integral part of modern cardiac care, opening up new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. This interdisciplinary field combines technical and medical expertise to create innovative solutions that improve the quality of life for patients. Within cardiology, biomedical engineers are most commonly employed in fields such as electrophysiology, non-invasive cardiology, interventional cardiology, telemedicine and other specialised fields where, in addition to clinical work, they use their expertise to optimise technologies and medical devices. They are also involved in the development and improvement of technologies such as biosensors, implantable devices, advanced signal processing methods and the use of artificial intelligence for diagnostics. Collaboration between physicians and engineers is key to improving patient care and enabling the development of effective treatments. This article focuses on the role of biomedical engineers in cardiology, their professional status in the Czech health care system and the future challenges of the field.
- MeSH
- 3D tisk MeSH
- augmentovaná realita MeSH
- biomedicínské inženýrství * MeSH
- kardiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- telemedicína MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
