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- MeSH
- Leptospira * patogenita MeSH
- leptospiróza * patologie přenos MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- záplavy MeSH
- zoonózy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
BackgroundLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Humans are infected by exposure to animal urine or urine-contaminated environments. Although disease incidence is lower in Europe compared with tropical regions, there have been reports of an increase in leptospirosis cases since the 2000s in some European countries.AimWe aimed to describe the epidemiology of reported cases of leptospirosis in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) during 2010-2021 and to identify potential changes in epidemiological patterns.MethodsWe ran a descriptive analysis of leptospirosis cases reported by EU/EEA countries to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control with disease during 2010-2021. We also analysed trends at EU/EEA and national level.ResultsDuring 2010-2021, 23 countries reported 12,180 confirmed leptospirosis cases corresponding to a mean annual notification rate of 0.24 cases per 100,000 population. Five countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal and Romania) accounted for 79% of all reported cases. The highest notification rate was observed in Slovenia with 0.82 cases per 100,000 population. Overall, the notification rate increased by 5.0% per year from 2010 to 2021 (95% CI: 1.2-8.8%), although trends differed across countries.ConclusionThe notification rate of leptospirosis at EU/EEA level increased during 2010-2021 despite including the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated changes in population behaviours. Studies at (sub)national level would help broaden the understanding of differences at country-level and specificities in terms of exposure to Leptospira, as well as biases in diagnosis and reporting.
- MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- Leptospira * MeSH
- leptospiróza * diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Rumunsko MeSH
Leptospiróza je onemocnění způsobené spirochétami rodu Leptospira, které je celosvětově rozšířené. Člověk se může infikovat přes půdu nebo vodu kontaminovanou močí rezervoárových hostitelů. Mezi projevy leptospirózy patří často nespecifické příznaky podobné chřipkovému onemocnění ale v 5–10 % případů může docházet k vážnému průběhu onemocnění s multiorgánovým selháváním. Diagnostika leptospirózy probíhá nepřímo pomocí sérologických metod nebo přímo pomocí kultivace nebo polymerázové řetězové reakce (PCR). Celosvětově nejpoužívanější je sérologická metoda MAT (mikroskopický aglutinační test). V NRL pro leptospiry využíváme k diagnostice leptospirové infekce metody MAT, PCR i kultivaci. V loňském roce jsme potvrdili celkem 15 pozitivních vzorků, z toho 10 pomocí MAT a 5 pomocí PCR. Celkový záchyt leptospirózy na celém území ČR za rok 2021 byl 31 pozitivních případů, což je lehce nadprůměrný výskyt onemocnění. Nejčastějším infikujícím sérotypem v letech 2001–2018 byla L. grippotyphosa.
Leptospirosis is a disease caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, which is widespread worldwide. Humans can become infected through soil or water contaminated with the urine of reservoir hosts. The manifestations of leptospirosis often include non-specific flu-like symptoms, but in 5–10% of cases, a serious course of the disease with multi-organ failure may occur. Leptospirosis is diagnosed indirectly using serological methods or directly using culture-based method or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The most used worldwide is the MAT (microscopic agglutination test) serological method. In the National Reference Laboratory for Leptospira, to diagnose leptospiral infections we use MAT, PCR as well as culture-based methods. Last year, we confirmed a total of 15 positive samples, 10 of them by MAT and 5 by PCR. The total detection of leptospirosis in the entire territory of the Czech Republic for the year 2021 was 31 positive cases, which is a slightly above-average incidence of the disease. The most common infecting serotype in 2001–2018 was L. grippotyphosa.
- MeSH
- aglutinační testy metody MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- Leptospira klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- leptospiróza * diagnóza epidemiologie přenos MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- sérotypizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Although Southeast Asia is one of the most leptospirosis afflicted regions, little is known about the diversity and molecular epidemiology of the causative agents of this widespread and emerging zoonotic disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used whole genome sequencing to examine genetic variation in 75 Leptospira strains isolated from patients in the Lao PDR (Laos) between 2006 and 2017. Eleven serogroups from 4 Leptospira species and 43 cgMLST-defined clonal groups (CGs) were identified. The most prevalent CG was CG272 (n = 18, 26.8%), composed of L. interrogans serogroup Autumnalis isolates. This genotype was recovered throughout the 12-year period and was associated with deaths, and with a large outbreak in neighbouring Thailand. Genome analysis reveals that the CG272 strains form a highly clonal group of strains that have, for yet unknown reasons, recently spread in Laos and Thailand. Additionally, accessory genes clearly discriminate CG272 strains from the other Leptospira strains. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The present study reveals a high diversity of Leptospira genotypes in Laos, thus extending our current knowledge of the pan- and core-genomes of these life-threatening pathogens. Our results demonstrate that the CG272 strains belong to a unique clonal group, which probably evolved through clonal expansion following niche adaptation. Additional epidemiological studies are required to better evaluate the spread of this genotype in Southeast Asia. To further investigate the key factors driving the virulence and spread of these pathogens, more intense genomic surveillance is needed, combining detailed clinical and epidemiological data.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- genom bakteriální * MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- Leptospira klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- leptospiróza epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- molekulární epidemiologie MeSH
- multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Laos MeSH
- MeSH
- akutní retinální nekróza MeSH
- brucelóza farmakoterapie krev patofyziologie MeSH
- chorioretinitida MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- herpetické infekce farmakoterapie klasifikace krev patofyziologie MeSH
- histoplazmóza farmakoterapie imunologie patofyziologie MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Bartonella farmakoterapie krev patofyziologie MeSH
- infekční nemoci * klasifikace komplikace MeSH
- kandidóza farmakoterapie patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- kryptokokóza farmakoterapie imunologie komplikace MeSH
- leptospiróza diagnóza farmakoterapie mikrobiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymeská nemoc farmakoterapie krev patofyziologie MeSH
- myiáza diagnostické zobrazování klasifikace přenos MeSH
- oční symptomy * MeSH
- oční toxoplazmóza diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie MeSH
- onchocerkóza oční diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Pneumocystis carinii izolace a purifikace patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- schistosomóza diagnostické zobrazování klasifikace přenos MeSH
- spalničky komplikace krev patofyziologie MeSH
- toxokaróza imunologie patologie MeSH
- toxoplazmóza MeSH
- uveitida klasifikace MeSH
- zánět zrakového nervu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Potential effect of three environmental variables (population density of rodents, global weather in the form of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and acorn crop) on human morbidity rate of three zoonoses: tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), leptospirosis and tularaemia were analysed in the Czech Republic for the period 1970-1990. METHODS: The Pearson's correlation analysis was used. RESULTS: The correlation analysis revealed that the significant factor for explaining annual morbidity rates of these zoonoses was the abundance of common voles (Microtus arvalis) in the current year (for leptospirosis) or in the previous calendar year (for TBE and tularaemia). CONCLUSIONS: The two other environmental variables tested (NAO index and acorn production) do not seem to play a significant role in these zoonoses in Central Europe.
- MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida * epidemiologie MeSH
- leptospiróza * epidemiologie MeSH
- počasí MeSH
- tularemie * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Akutní poškození ledvin je závažný stav, který zvyšuje mortalitu i morbiditu u dětí. I když je pacient včas a řádně zaléčen, do budoucna si nese vyšší riziko vzniku chronického onemocnění ledvin. V této kazuistice prezentujeme pacientku, u které se rozvinulo akutní poškození ledvin při febrilním infektu bez nálezu jasného fokusu infekce. Etiologie onemocnění byla následně objasněna po propuštění pacientky z nemocnice.
Acute kidney injury is a severe condition which increases both mortality and morbidity in children. There is a long term risk of development of chronic kidney disease even if the patient is treated properly. We present a case of a patient who developed acute kidney injury during the course of a febrile infection of unkown origin. The etiology was subsequently clarified after patient´s discharge from the hospital.
- MeSH
- akutní poškození ledvin * diagnóza klasifikace terapie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- horečka MeSH
- leptospiróza * diagnóza patologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pyelonefritida diagnóza terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Leptospirosis is an underestimated tropical disease caused by the pathogenic Leptospira species and responsible for several serious health problems. Here, we aimed to develop an ultrasensitive DNA biosensor for the rapid and on-site detection of the Loa22 gene of Leptospira interrogans using a gold nanoparticle-carbon nanofiber composite (AuN/CNF)-based screen-printed electrode. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance were performed for electrochemical analysis. The sensitivity of the sensor was 5431.74 μA/cm2/ng with a LOD (detection limit) of 0.0077 ng/μL using cyclic voltammetry. The developed DNA biosensor was found highly specific to the Loa22 gene of L. interrogans, with a storage stability at 4 °C for 180 days and a 6% loss of the initial response. This DNA-based sensor only takes 30 min for rapid detection of the pathogen, with a higher specificity and sensitivity. The promising results obtained suggest the application of the developed sensor as a point of care device for the diagnosis of leptospirosis.
- MeSH
- kovové nanočástice * MeSH
- Leptospira interrogans * genetika MeSH
- leptospiróza * diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové proteiny MeSH
- zlato MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic infection of worldwide occurrence. Bats, like other mammalian reservoirs, may be long-term carriers that maintain endemicity of infection and shed viable leptospires in urine. Direct and/or indirect contact with these Leptospira shedders is the main risk factor as regards public health concern. However, knowledge about bat leptospirosis in the Palearctic Region, and in Europe in particular, is poor. We collected urine from 176 specimens of 11 bat species in the Czech Republic, Poland, Republic of Armenia and the Altai Region of Russia between 2014 and 2019. We extracted DNA from the urine samples to detect Leptospira spp. shedders using PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA and LipL32 genes. Four bat species (Barbastella barbastellus n = 1, Myotis bechsteinii n = 1, Myotis myotis n = 24 and Myotis nattereri n = 1) tested positive for Leptospira spp., with detected amplicons showing 100% genetic identity with pathogenic Leptospira interrogans. The site- and species-specific prevalence range was 0%-24.1% and 0%-20%, respectively. All bats sampled in the Republic of Armenia and Russia were negative. Given the circulation of pathogenic leptospires in strictly protected Palearctic bat species and their populations, non-invasive and non-lethal sampling of urine for molecular Leptospira spp. detection is recommended as a suitable surveillance and monitoring strategy. Moreover, our results should raise awareness of this potential disease risk among health professionals, veterinarians, chiropterologists and wildlife rescue workers handling bats, as well as speleologists and persons cleaning premises following bat infestation.
- MeSH
- Chiroptera * MeSH
- Leptospira * genetika MeSH
- leptospiróza * epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH