Our aim is to determine the number of leukocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and the expression of activation markers CD200 and CD23 on B lymphocytes in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients (treated and not treated with dupilumab) during the pollen season. We examined 29 patients not treated with dupilumab, 24 patients treated with dupilumab and 40 healthy subjects as a control group. The count of T and B lymphocytes and their subsets were assessed by flow cytometry. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-factor analysis of variance with post hoc by Dunn's test with Bonferroni's modification was used for statistical processing. Although there was a significant improvement in skin findings in patients treated with dupilumab, the changes in immunological profile show a persistent altered immune response characterized by dysregulation and overactivation of B lymphocytes. Dupilumab therapy leads to normalization of relative T regulatory lymphocytes and total memory B lymphocytes and to decreased count of absolute CD8+ T lymphocytes. Why carry out this study?Studies investigating the immunological profile of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients during the pollen season are rare. There are no studies investigating the count of B lymphocytes (CD5+, CD22+ and CD73+ B lymphocytes) and the expression of activation markers CD23 and CD200 on B lymphocytes and on their subsets during pollen season in AD patients treated and non-treated with dupilumab therapy.What was learned from the study?In atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with and without dupilumab therapy, we confirmed the significantly higher count of absolute neutrophils, absolute monocytes, absolute eosinophils, absolute basophils, non-switched B lymphocytes, transitional B lymphocytes, CD23 memory, naive, non-switched, switched and total CD23 B lymphocytes, the relative count of CD200 memory and CD200 switched B lymphocytes.In dupilumab treated patients, we confirmed the significantly higher count of relative eosinophils, relative CD16+ eosinophils, relative CD200 non-switched B lymphocytes and lower count of absolute CD8+ T lymphocytes. Further studies should focus on investigating the effect of dupilumab on CD8+ T lymphocytes and their subpopulations.In patients without dupilumab therapy, we confirmed the significantly higher count of relative neutrophils, relative T regulatory lymphocytes and total memory B lymphocytes.The changes in the count of CD5+, CD22+ and CD73+ B lymphocytes were not observed during pollen season in both groups of AD patients.

• MeSH
• Dermatitis, Atopic * drug therapy   immunology   MeSH
• B-Lymphocytes immunology   MeSH
• Antigens, CD MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Pollen immunology   MeSH
• Receptors, IgE MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The aim of the study here was to evaluate the association between expression of CD23 molecule on B-lymphocytes and the level of specific IgE to molecular components of birch, Bermuda grass, hazel pollen, timothy, and rye grass in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients (with and without dupilumab therapy). A total of 46 patients suffering from AD were included: 26 without dupilumab treatment and 20 with dupilumab treatment. Serum levels of specific IgE were measured by the components resolved diagnostic assay ALEX2 Allergy Xplorer, the expression of CD23 molecule on B-lymphocytes was evaluated with flow cytometry. For the statistical analysis, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used. In patients treated with dupilumab, the higher association was observed between the expression of CD23 on B-lymphocytes and specific IgE to molecular components Bet v 1, Cor a 1.0103, Cor a 1.0401, and Phl p 1. This study demonstrated that the relationship between CD23 expression on B-lymphocytes and specific IgE to pollen molecular components varies depending on whether the patient was treated with dupilumab and the type of molecular component involved.

• MeSH
• Allergens immunology   MeSH
• Dermatitis, Atopic * immunology   drug therapy   MeSH
• B-Lymphocytes * immunology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Immunoglobulin E * blood   immunology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Pollen * immunology   MeSH
• Receptors, IgE * metabolism   immunology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Klimatické změny vedou v posledních letech k prodloužení pylové sezóny, respektive k jejímu časnějšímu začátku. Mobilní aplikace umožnují dnes pacientům monitorovat aktuální pylovou situaci, zaznamenávat vlastní klinické obtíže a lépe dodržovat compliance k léčbě. Klinické projevy pylové alergie zahrnují nejčastěji alergickou rhinokonjunktivitidu. V příspěvku zmiňuji zásady symptomatické farmakoterapie alergické rýmy a kauzální léčbu - specifickou alergenovou imunoterapii.

Pollen season lasts longer because of its earlier start due to recent climate changes. Mobile apps enable pollen monitoring, help patients describe their clinical symptoms, and improve compliance with therapy. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is the most frequent clinical symptom. This paper provides info about symptomatic pharmacotherapy as well as about causal treatment- about specific allergen immunotherapy.

• MeSH
• Allergens adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Hypersensitivity * etiology   drug therapy   MeSH
• Histamine H1 Antagonists therapeutic use   MeSH
• Administration, Intranasal MeSH
• Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use   MeSH
• Immunotherapy methods   MeSH
• Consumer Health Informatics methods   MeSH
• Internet MeSH
• Drug Therapy, Combination MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mobile Applications MeSH
• Pollen adverse effects   MeSH
• Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal * etiology   drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

BACKGROUND: Adherence to rhinitis treatment has been insufficiently assessed. We aimed to use data from the MASK-air mHealth app to assess adherence to oral antihistamines (OAH), intra-nasal corticosteroids (INCS) or azelastine-fluticasone in patients with allergic rhinitis. METHODS: We included regular European MASK-air users with self-reported allergic rhinitis and reporting at least 1 day of OAH, INCS or azelastine-fluticasone. We assessed weeks during which patients answered the MASK-air questionnaire on all days. We restricted our analyses to data provided between January and June, to encompass the pollen seasons across the different assessed countries. We analysed symptoms using visual analogue scales (VASs) and the combined symptom-medication score (CSMS), performing stratified analyses by weekly adherence levels. Medication adherence was computed as the proportion of days in which patients reported rhinitis medication use. Sensitivity analyses were performed considering all weeks with at most 1 day of missing data and all months with at most 4 days of missing data. RESULTS: We assessed 8212 complete weeks (1361 users). Adherence (use of medication > 80% days) to specific drug classes ranged from 31.7% weeks for azelastine-fluticasone to 38.5% weeks for OAH. Similar adherence to rhinitis medication was found in users with or without self-reported asthma, except for INCS (better adherence in asthma patients). VAS and CSMS levels increased from no adherence to full adherence, except for INCS. A higher proportion of days with uncontrolled symptoms was observed in weeks with higher adherence. In full adherence weeks, 41.2% days reported rhinitis co-medication. The sensitivity analyses displayed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: A high adherence was found in patients reporting regular use of MASK-air. Different adherence patterns were found for INCS compared to OAH or azelastine-fluticasone that are likely to impact guidelines.

• MeSH
• Medication Adherence * MeSH
• Anti-Allergic Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Histamine Antagonists therapeutic use   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Fluticasone therapeutic use   administration & dosage   MeSH
• Phthalazines therapeutic use   MeSH
• Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use   administration & dosage   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Pollen immunology   MeSH
• Seasons * MeSH
• Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal * drug therapy   epidemiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH

The genomes of many plants, animals, and fungi frequently comprise dispensable B chromosomes that rely upon various chromosomal drive mechanisms to counteract the tendency of non-essential genetic elements to be purged over time. The B chromosome of rye - a model system for nearly a century - undergoes targeted nondisjunction during first pollen mitosis, favouring segregation into the generative nucleus, thus increasing their numbers over generations. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Here, using a newly-assembled, ~430 Mb-long rye B chromosome pseudomolecule, we identify five candidate genes whose role as trans-acting moderators of the chromosomal drive is supported by karyotyping, chromosome drive analysis and comparative RNA-seq. Among them, we identify DCR28, coding a microtubule-associated protein related to cell division, and detect this gene also in the B chromosome of Aegilops speltoides. The DCR28 gene family is neo-functionalised and serially-duplicated with 15 B chromosome-located copies that are uniquely highly expressed in the first pollen mitosis of rye.

• MeSH
• Aegilops genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Chromosomes, Plant * genetics   MeSH
• Karyotyping MeSH
• Mitosis * genetics   MeSH
• Nondisjunction, Genetic MeSH
• Pollen genetics   MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MeSH
• Genes, Plant MeSH
• Plant Proteins genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Secale * genetics   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Dermatitis, Atopic * drug therapy   MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized * MeSH
• Control Groups MeSH
• Leukocytes MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pollen MeSH
• Seasons MeSH
• T-Lymphocytes MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Dermatitis, Atopic * drug therapy   MeSH
• B-Lymphocytes MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pollen MeSH
• Seasons MeSH
• Healthy Volunteers MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• Keywords
• Pollinex Rye, Pollinex Tree,
• MeSH
• Conjunctivitis, Allergic * economics   drug therapy   MeSH
• Antigens, Plant pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Desensitization, Immunologic * MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Multicenter Studies as Topic MeSH
• Health Care Costs * MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Pollen MeSH
• Rhinosinusitis * economics   drug therapy   MeSH
• Plant Extracts pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Sublingual Immunotherapy MeSH
• Urticaceae MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH

Ozone exacerbates allergy symptoms to certain pollens. The molecular mechanisms by which ozone affects pollen grains (PGs) and allergies are not fully understood, especially as the effects of pollutants may vary depending on the type of pollen. In this work, pollens of 22 different taxa were exposed under laboratory conditions to ozone (100 ppb) to quantify the ozone uptake by the PGs. The ozone uptake was highly variable among the 22 taxa tested. The highest ozone uptake per PG was measured on Acer negundo PGs (2.5 ± 0.2 pg∙PG-1). On average, tree pollens captured significantly more ozone than herbaceous pollens (average values of 0.5 and 0.02 pg∙PG-1, respectively). No single parameter (such as the number of apertures, pollen season, pollen size, or lipid fraction) could predict a pollen's ability to take up ozone. Lipids seem to act as a barrier to ozone uptake and play a protective role for some taxa. After inhalation of PGs, pollen-transported ozone could be transferred to mucous membranes and exacerbate symptoms through oxidative stress and local inflammation. Although the amount of ozone transported is small in absolute terms, it is significant compared to the antioxidant capacity of nasal mucus at a microscale. This mechanism of pollen-induced oxidative stress could explain the aggravation of allergic symptoms during ozone pollution episodes.

• MeSH
• Allergens MeSH
• Hypersensitivity * MeSH
• Environmental Pollutants * MeSH
• Ozone * toxicity   MeSH
• Pollen MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causal therapeutic option for allergic airway diseases including asthma and allergic rhinitis. AIT has been shown to restore the allergen immune tolerance, can modify both the early and late-onset allergen-specific airway hyperreactivity, helps to achieve disease control/remission and prevents new sensitisations. Recent real life data on long-term effectiveness of house dust mite (HDM) AIT in a large group of patients with HDM-driven asthma further underscored its unique therapeutic potential as well as confirmed previous data with pollen AIT. More widespread use of this causal treatment in select patient populations should further move this promising therapeutic field. In this mini-review, we discuss updates on new insights based on real world patient data.

• MeSH
• Allergens MeSH
• Rhinitis, Allergic * drug therapy   MeSH
• Antigens, Dermatophagoides therapeutic use   MeSH
• Asthma * etiology   MeSH
• Desensitization, Immunologic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pollen MeSH
• Pyroglyphidae MeSH
• Sublingual Immunotherapy * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH