OBJECTIVE: To report long-term efficacy and safety of selinexor maintenance therapy in adults with TP53 wild-type (TP53wt) stage IV or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) who achieved partial remission (PR) or complete remission (CR) following chemotherapy. METHODS: Analysis of the prespecified, exploratory subgroup of patients with TP53wt EC from the phase 3 SIENDO study was performed. Progression-free survival (PFS) benefit in patients with TP53wt EC and across other patient subgroups were exploratory endpoints. Safety and tolerability were also assessed. RESULTS: Of the 263 patients enrolled in the SIENDO trial, 113 patients had TP53wt EC; 70/113 (61.9%) had TP53wt/proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) EC, and 29/113 (25.7%) had TP53wt/deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) EC. As of April 1, 2024, the median PFS (mPFS) for TP53wt patients who received selinexor compared with placebo was 28.4 versus 5.2 months (36.8-month follow-up, HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.27-0.73). A benefit in mPFS was seen with selinexor versus placebo regardless of MMR status (patients with TP53wt/pMMR EC: 39.5 vs 4.9 months, HR 0.36; 95% CI 0.19-0.71; patients with TP53wt/dMMR EC: 13.1 vs 3.7 months, HR 0.49; 95% CI 0.18-1.34). Selinexor treatment was generally manageable, with no new safety signals identified. CONCLUSION: In the phase 3 SIENDO study, selinexor maintenance therapy showed a promising efficacy signal and a manageable safety profile in the prespecified subgroup of patients with TP53wt EC who achieved a PR or CR following chemotherapy. These results are being further evaluated in an ongoing randomized phase 3 trial (NCT05611931).
- MeSH
- doba přežití bez progrese choroby MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hydraziny * škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru * farmakoterapie MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 * genetika MeSH
- nádory endometria * farmakoterapie genetika patologie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- triazoly * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- udržovací chemoterapie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- filgotinib,
- MeSH
- biologická terapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glukokortikoidy aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory Janus kinas farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- triazoly * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Patients with burn injury and inhalation injury are highly susceptible to infectious complications, including opportunistic pathogens, due to the loss of skin cover and mucosal damage of respiratory tract as well as the disruption of homeostasis. This case report, a 34-year-old man suffered critical burns, provides the first literature description of triple-impact immunoparalysis (critical burns, inhalation injury, and SARS-CoV-2 infection), leading to a lethal multifocal infection caused by several fungi including very rare environmental representatives Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Wickerhamomyces anomalus. The co-infection by these common environmental yeasts in a human is unique and has not yet been described in the literature. Importantly, our patient developed refractory septic shock and died despite targeted antifungal therapy including the most potent current antifungal agent-isavuconazole. It can be assumed that besides immunoparalysis, effectiveness of therapy by isavuconazole was impaired by the large distribution volume in this case. As this is a common situation in intensive care patients, routine monitoring of plasmatic concentration of isavuconazole can be helpful in personalization of the treatment and dose optimization. Whatmore, many fungal species often remain underdiagnosed during infectious complications, which could be prevented by implementation of new methods, such as next-generation sequencing, into clinical practice.
- MeSH
- antifungální látky * terapeutické užití MeSH
- COVID-19 * imunologie komplikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fatální výsledek MeSH
- koinfekce mikrobiologie farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mykózy farmakoterapie mikrobiologie imunologie diagnóza MeSH
- nitrily terapeutické užití MeSH
- popálení komplikace mikrobiologie MeSH
- pyridiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- Saccharomycetales genetika účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 imunologie MeSH
- sepse farmakoterapie mikrobiologie imunologie MeSH
- triazoly terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Mucormycosis is a rare invasive fungal disease diagnosed in immunocompromised patients, including those with diabetes or iron overload, and in patients treated for hematological malignancies or after transplantation. Isavuconazole is a triazole antifungal effective against Mucorales with good tolerability, but with potential for relatively high interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics. This report demonstrates the case of a lung transplant recipient treated with isavuconasole that exhibits a very long elimination half-life of 159 hours, and discusses the practical implications of this finding for dosage adjustment and need for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Ochorenie COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19), zapríčinené koronavírusom 2, spôsobujúcim ťažký akútny respiračný syndróm (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2), sužuje ľudskú populáciu od prelomu rokov 2019 a 2020, kedy boli vo Wu-chane, v najväčšej metropole a hlavnom meste provincie Chu-pej v strednej Číne, potvrdené prvé prípady infikovania sa týmto patogénom. Od tohto obdobia bolo v liečbe pacientov s COVID-19 navrhnutých a využitých mnoho farmakoterapeutických modalít. Triazavirín (TZV; riamilovir) je syntetické netoxické antiviroticky širokospektrálne účinkujúce liečivo patriace do skupiny azolotriazínov. V kontexte vedomostí o morfológii, štruktúre viriónu, genóme, replikačnom cycle a funkciách jednotlivých proteínov v SARS-CoV-2 a aj v súlade s vykonanými analýzami in silico bolo publikovaných niekoľko hypotéz a návrhov so zámerom využiť TZV v liečbe COVID-19. Výsledky a závery vyplývajúce z dobre známeho randomizovaného klinického skúšania, evidovaného pod registračným číslom ChiCTR2000030001, ktoré bolo realizované v Číne v roku 2020, však indikovali nielen efektívne anti- SARS-CoV-2-pôsobenie tohto azaanalógu guanínu, ale aj niektoré obmedzenia v kontexte všeobecnej interpretovateľnosti a uplatniteľnosti formulovaných výstupov. Primárny zámer tejto prehľadovej publikácie spočíval preto v načrtnutí komplexnejšieho pohľadu na farmakoterapeutické intervencie proti COVID-19/- SARS-CoV-2, ktoré sú založené na využití TZV. Pozornosť bola sústredená na relevantné výsledky a závery z klinických skúšaní a praktické skúsenosti definujúce nielen reálne benefity zvolených terapeutických stratégií, ktoré zahŕňajú zmienené antivirotikum, ale aj niekoľko úskalí s nimi spojených.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has plagued the human population as 2019 turned into 2020, when first cases were confirmed to be infected with the pathogen in Wuhan City, the largest mega-city and capital of Hubei Province in Central China. Since this time, many pharmacotherapeutic modalities were suggested and used to treat the patients suffering from COVID-19. Triazavirin (TZV; riamilovir) is a synthetic non-toxic broad-spectrum antiviral drug belonging into an azolotriazine class. Several hypotheses and suggestions based on the knowledge about morphology, structure of virion, genome, replication cycle and functions of particular proteins within SARS-CoV-2 as well as in silico analyzes were published aiming to employ TZV for the treatment of COVID-19. Results and conclusions from a well-known randomized controlled trial registered under the Registration No. ChiCTR2000030001, which was carried out in China in 2020, indicated not only the anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy of given aza analogue of guanine but also some limitations of these outcomes in the context of their general interpretability and applicability. Thus, a primary aim of this review article was to provide more complex view on pharmacotherapeutic interventions based on TZV against COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. The focus was on relevant results and conclusions from clinical trials as well as practical experiences with given antiviral agent considering not only real benefits of chosen therapeutic strategies but also several obstacles connected with them.
- Klíčová slova
- triazavirin, riamilovir,
- MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- farmakoterapie COVID-19 MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- triaziny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- triazoly farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Dosud užívaná antikoagulancia (inhibitory faktoru Xa, inhibitory trombinu či antivitaminy K) tlumí dominantně společnou cestu koagulace. Vzhledem k tomu, že k nejčastějším indikacím podávání antikoagulancií patří stagnace krve a aktivace reparačně zánětlivých pochodů (při fibrilaci síní či tromboembolické nemoci), se nabízí působit selektivně na tuto vnitřní větev koagulační kaskády a zachovat tak hemostázu iniciovanou poškozením cévní stěny. Nejperspektivnější cestou s nejvíce doklady o účinnosti a bezpečnosti je inhibice faktoru XI. Prověřována je strategie blokády na bázi monoklonálních protilátek (abelacimab a osocimab) či klasickými malými molekulami (asundexian a milvexian) či blokáda syntézy faktoru XI inhibujícími oligonukleotidy typu ASO. V posledních letech tato oblast dospěla do pokročilých fází klinického hodnocení a jsou k dispozici nová zajímavá data.
Currently used anticoagulation agents (factor Xa inhibitors, thrombin inhibitors and antivitamin K) dominantly block the common coagulation pathway. The most frequent anticoagulant indication is blood stagnation and activation of reparatory and inflammatory processes (atrial fibrillation or thromboembolic disease). Therefore, a selective influence on the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade is an option so that the hemostasis initiated by blood vessel wall disruption is preserved. The most promising way supported by evidence of efficacy and safety is factor XI inhibition. Other strategies are being investigated – blockade with monoclonal antibodies (abelacimab and osocimab) or classic small molecules (asundexian and milvexian) and factor XI synthesis blockade with inhibitory oligonucleotides called antisense oligonucleotides. In recent years, this area of expertise has reached advanced phases of clinical evaluation, and new exciting data have emerged.
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- hemostáza účinky léků MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pyrimidiny aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- triazoly aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
On the basis of improved overall survival, treatment guidelines strongly recommend antifungal prophylaxis during remission induction chemotherapy for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Many novel targeted agents are metabolised by cytochrome P450, but potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and the resulting risk-benefit ratio have not been assessed in clinical trials, leading to uncertainty in clinical management. Consequently, the European Haematology Association commissioned experts in the field of infectious diseases, haematology, oncology, clinical pharmacology, and methodology to develop up-to-date recommendations on the role of antifungal prophylaxis and management of pharmacokinetic DDIs with triazole antifungals. A systematic literature review was performed according to Cochrane methods, and recommendations were developed by use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Evidence to Decision framework. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library, including Central Register of Controlled Trials, for randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews published from inception to March 10, 2020. We excluded studies that were not published in English. Evidence for any identified novel agent that is active against acute myeloid leukaemia was reviewed for the following outcomes: incidence of invasive fungal disease, prolongation of hospitalisation, days spent in intensive-care unit, mortality due to invasive fungal disease, quality of life, and potential DDIs. Recommendations and consensus statements were compiled for each targeted drug for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and each specific setting. Evidence-based recommendations were developed for hypomethylating agents, midostaurin, and the venetoclax-hypomethylating agent combination. For all other agents, consensus statements were given for specific therapeutic settings, specifically for the management of patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia, monotherapy, and combination with chemotherapy. Antifungal prophylaxis is recommended with moderate strength in most settings, and strongly recommended if the novel acute myeloid leukaemia agent is administered in combination with intensive induction chemotherapy. For ivosidenib, lestaurtinib, quizartinib, and venetoclax, we moderately recommend adjusting the dose of the antileukaemic agent during administration of triazoles. This is the first guidance supporting clinical decision making on antifungal prophylaxis in recipients of novel targeted drugs for acute myeloid leukaemia. Future studies including therapeutic drug monitoring will need to determine the role of dosage adjustment of novel antileukaemic drugs during concomitant administration of CYP3A4-inhibiting antifungals with respect to adverse effects and remission status.
- MeSH
- akutní myeloidní leukemie * komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- antifungální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hematologie * MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mykózy * farmakoterapie MeSH
- triazoly terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- isavuconazol,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- antifungální látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hostitel s imunodeficiencí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mukormykóza * diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- mykózy diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- nitrily terapeutické užití MeSH
- popálení komplikace MeSH
- pyridiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- triazoly terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosome maintenance 1 protein (CRM1), is the main transporter for hundreds of proteins like tumor suppressors, growth regulatory factors, oncoprotein mRNAs and others. Its upregulation leads to the inactivation of the tumor suppressor anti-neoplastic function in many cancers and logically is associated with poor prognosis. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) are a new generation of XPO1 inhibitors that are being investigated as a promising targeted anti-cancer therapy. Selinexor is the first generation of SINE compounds that is being evaluated in many clinical trials involving solid tumors and hematological malignancies with its two approved indications for relapsed multiple myeloma and relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Here, we comprehensively review the current knowledge of selinexor and next generations of the SINE compounds in lymphoid and myeloid malignancies.
- MeSH
- aktivní transport - buněčné jádro účinky léků MeSH
- antitumorózní látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- cílená molekulární terapie MeSH
- hematologické nádory diagnóza farmakoterapie etiologie mortalita MeSH
- hydraziny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- karyoferiny antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- triazoly farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH