Caspase-9 is the major apical caspase responsible for triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Our previous study indicated that specific inhibition of caspase-9 caused microscopically evident alterations in appearance of the primary chondrogenic cultures which cannot be explained by decrease in apoptosis. To describe a complex molecular background of this effect, proteomics analysis of control and caspase-9 inhibitor-treated chondrogenic cultures were performed. Proteins were extracted, identified and quantified using LC-MS in both data dependent and data independent acquisition (DIA) mode. While directDIA analysis of diaPASEF data obtained using timsTOF Pro LC-MS system revealed 7849 protein groups (Q-value <0.01), a parallel analysis of iTRAQ-2DLC-MS3 and conventional DIA-MS data identified only 5146 and 4098 protein groups, respectively, showing diaPASEF a superior method for the study. The detailed analysis of diaPASEF data disclosed 236/551 significantly down-/up-regulated protein groups after caspase-9 inhibition, respectively (|log2FC|>0.58, Q value <0.05). Classification of downregulated proteins revealed changes in extracellular matrix organization, collagen metabolism, and muscle system processes. Moreover, deregulations suggest a switch from glycolytic to lipid based metabolism in the inhibited cells. No essential changes were found in the proteins involved in apoptosis. The data indicate new non-apoptotic participation of caspases in chondrocyte homeostasis with potential applications in cartilage pathophysiology.
Plant lignans possess several properties beneficial for human health and therefore, increasing their contents in foods and beverages is desirable. One of the lignan sources in human diet is wine. To elucidate the origin of lignans contained in wine, LC-MS was used to analyze resinol-related lignans in must, seeds, stems, and wine prepared using stainless steel tanks, oak barrels, and Qvevri (clay vessel). White wines aged in stainless steel tanks contained significantly lower amounts of lignan aglycones (20-60 µg/L) than red and Qvevri wines (300-500 µg/L). Generally, white wines aged in stainless steel tanks contained only low amounts of isolariciresinol and matairesinol. Qvevri wines and red wine aged in stainless steel tank contained up to five lignan compounds and in wine aged in oak barrel, six different lignans were identified. Consistently, only low concentration of isolariciresinol has been found in must, whereas more lignan compounds have been found in grape seeds (isolariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, and pinoresinol) and stems (isolariciresinol and syringaresinol). Consequently, we conclude that lignan content in wine can be increased by maturation in contact with grape berries, seeds, or stems or with wood.
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs in all areas of the environment, including the food chain. In the body, it causes oxidative stress by producing free radicals that are harmful to the cells. Grape seed extract (GSE) contains a wide range of biologically active components that help to neutralize the adverse effects of free radicals. In this study, the effects of GSE prepared form semi-resistant grapevine cultivar Cerason, which is rich in phenolics, on biochemical markers of brown rats exposed to the effects of cadmium were monitored. GSE increased the plasma antioxidant activity and, in the kidneys and the liver, Cd content was significantly lowered by GSE co-administration. Accordingly, the increase in creatinine content and alanine aminotransferase activity and the decrease of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities caused by cadmium were slowed down by GSE co-administration. The results of this work reveal that grape seed extract offers a protective effect against the intake of heavy metals into the organism.
- MeSH
- alanintransaminasa krev MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza MeSH
- aspartátaminotransferasy krev MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- extrakt ze semen vinné révy farmakologie MeSH
- fytonutrienty analýza MeSH
- játra účinky léků enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium krev MeSH
- katalasa metabolismus MeSH
- kreatinin krev MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- metalothionein metabolismus MeSH
- močovina krev MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- semena rostlinná chemie MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- zdraví * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several species of fungi, including the Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium species. Currently, more than 300 structurally diverse mycotoxins are known, including a group called minor mycotoxins, namely enniatins, beauvericin, and fusaproliferin. Beauvericin and enniatins possess a variety of biological activities. Their antimicrobial, antibiotic, or ionoforic activities have been proven and according to various bioassays, they are believed to be toxic. They are mainly found in cereal grains and their products, but they have also been detected in forage feedstuff. Mycotoxins in feedstuffs of livestock animals are of dual concern. First one relates to the safety of animal-derived food. Based on the available data, the carry-over of minor mycotoxins from feed to edible animal tissues is possible. The second concern relates to detrimental effects of mycotoxins on animal health and performance. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the relation of minor mycotoxins to livestock animals.
Caspases are proteases traditionally associated with inflammation and cell death. Recently, they have also been shown to modulate cell proliferation and differentiation. The aim of the current research was to search for osteogenic molecules affected by caspase inhibition and to specify the individual caspases critical for these effects with a focus on proapoptotic caspases: caspase-2, -3, -6, -7, -8 and -9. Along with osteocalcin (Ocn), general caspase inhibition significantly decreased the expression of the Phex gene in differentiated MC3T3-E1 cells. The inhibition of individual caspases indicated that caspase-8 is a major contributor to the modification of Ocn and Phex expression. Caspase-2 and-6 had effects on Ocn and caspase-6 had an effect on Phex. These data confirm and expand the current knowledge about the nonapoptotic roles of caspases and the effect of their pharmacological inhibition on the osteogenic potential of osteoblastic cells.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- inhibitory kaspas farmakologie MeSH
- kaspasy metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neutrální endopeptidasa regulující fosfáty metabolismus MeSH
- osteoblasty cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- osteogeneze účinky léků MeSH
- osteokalcin metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring nonsteroidal phenolic plant compounds that, due to their molecular structure and size, resemble vertebrate steroids estrogens. This review is focused on plant flavonoids isoflavones, which are ranked among the most estrogenic compounds. The main dietary sources of isoflavones for humans are soybean and soybean products, which contain mainly daidzein and genistein. When they are consumed, they exert estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic effects. Isoflavones are considered chemoprotective and can be used as an alternative therapy for a wide range of hormonal disorders, including several cancer types, namely breast cancer and prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, or menopausal symptoms. On the other hand, isoflavones may also be considered endocrine disruptors with possible negative influences on the state of health in a certain part of the population or on the environment. This review deals with isoflavone classification, structure, and occurrence, with their metabolism, biological, and health effects in humans and animals, and with their utilization and potential risks.
- MeSH
- equol chemie klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- fytoestrogeny chemie klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- genistein chemie klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- isoflavony chemie klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The aim of this study was to determine the degradation of dietary isoflavones in rumen fluid under 2 feeding regimens. The experiments were performed in vitro using a rumen fluid buffer system. The rumen fluid was taken from cows fed either a hay diet or a concentrate-rich diet (the diet consisted of 34.6% maize silage, 17.6% haylage, 12.8% alfalfa hay, and 35.0% supplemental mixture on a dry matter basis). As a source of isoflavones, 40% soybean extract (Biomedica, Prague, Czech Republic) at levels of 5, 25, 50, and 75 mg per 40 mL of rumen fluid was used. Samples of soybean extract were incubated in triplicate at 39°C for 0, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 24.0 h in incubation solution. The metabolism of daidzein and genistein was faster under concentrate-rich diet conditions. In general, production of equol started after 3 to 6 h of incubation and reached the highest rate after approximately 12 h of incubation regardless of the type of diet or concentration of extract. In most of the experiments, production of equol continued after 24 h of incubation. Generally, equol production was greater under the hay diet conditions. Furthermore, experiments with higher amounts of added soybean extract revealed possible inhibitory effects of high levels of isoflavones on the rumen microflora.
- MeSH
- bachor metabolismus MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- isoflavony aplikace a dávkování analýza metabolismus MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
- laktace MeSH
- siláž MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this study, we compared the effects of two diets containing different isoflavone concentrations on the isoflavone transfer from feed into milk and on the rumen microbiota in lactating dairy cows. The on-farm experiment was conducted on twelve lactating Czech Fleckvieh x Holstein cows divided into two groups, each with similar mean milk yield. Twice daily, cows were individually fed a diet based on maize silage, meadow hay and supplemental mixture. Control group (CTRL) received the basal diet while the experimental group (EXP) received the basal diet supplemented with 40% soybean isoflavone extract. The average daily isoflavone intake in the EXP group (16 g/day) was twice as high as that in the CTRL group (8.4 g/day, P<0.001). Total isoflavone concentrations in milk from the CTRL and EXP groups were 96.89 and 276.07 μg/L, respectively (P<0.001). Equol concentrations in milk increased from 77.78 μg/L in the CTRL group to 186.30 μg/L in the EXP group (P<0.001). The V3-4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was used for metagenomic analysis of the rumen microbiome. The experimental cows exhibited fewer OTUs at a distance level of 0.03 compared to control cows (P<0.05) and reduced microbial richness compared to control cows based on the calculated Inverse Simpson and Shannon indices. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the major contributor to separation between the experimental and control groups were changes in the representation of bacteria belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes. Surprisingly, a statistically significant positive correlation was found only between isoflavones and the phyla Burkholderiales (r = 0.65, P<0.05) and unclassified Betaproteobacteria (r = 0.58, P<0.05). Previous mouse and human studies of isoflavone effects on the composition of gastrointestinal microbial populations generally report similar findings.
- MeSH
- bachor mikrobiologie MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Bacteroidetes genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Betaproteobacteria genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Burkholderiaceae genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dieta veterinární MeSH
- Firmicutes genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- Glycine max metabolismus MeSH
- isoflavony farmakologie MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- kukuřice setá MeSH
- laktace MeSH
- lipnicovité MeSH
- mikrobiota MeSH
- mléko chemie MeSH
- Planctomycetales genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- siláž MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Soybean-derived isoflavones belong to the family of biologically active phytoestrogens. The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive method, which permits quantification of the soybean isoflavonoids and equol in bovine rumen fluid and milk using LC-MS-(TOF). The samples of rumen fluid and milk were obtained from 12 lactating dairy cows ingesting 7,500-9,500 mg of total isoflavones daily. The validation of the developed method showed the limits of quantification to be in the range of 0.9-5.0 ng/mL. The precision was determined as relative standard deviation, which was lower than 25% in all cases. The recoveries of the most isoflavonoids were satisfactory. Lower recoveries of daidzin and glycitin can be solved by adding an internal standard. The presented method will be useful for kinetic studies of isoflavone metabolism in ruminants due to simultaneous quantification of free aglycones and glycosides in the rumen fluid.
- MeSH
- bachor MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické metody MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová * MeSH
- gastrointestinální obsah chemie MeSH
- Glycine max chemie metabolismus MeSH
- isoflavony analýza MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- mléko chemie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Expresní systém kvasinky Pichia pastoris se ve velkém měřítku používá na produkci rekombinantních proteinů již několik desetiletí. Pichia pastoris v sobě spojuje výhody eukaryotních i prokaryotních expresních systému. V rámci této práce byly v bioreaktoru produkovány mutantní formy proteinu cryptogeinu. Bylo vyprodukováno a purifikováno pět proteinů: X24, L41F, V84F, V84F/L41F a K13V s průměrnými výtěžky 40-60 mg proteinu na litr bazálního media. Buněčné hustoty na konci fermentace dosahovali 250-400 g/l.
Expression system Pichia pastoris has been used for decades to production of recombinant proteins in large scale. Pichia pastoris combines the advantages of eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems. In this work mutant forms of protein cryptogein were produced in the fermenter. Five proteins: X24, L41F, V84F, V84F/L41F and K13V were produced in the bioreactor and purified with average yields of 40-60 mg protein per liter of basal media. Cell density was reached 250-400 g/l at the end of fermentation.
- Klíčová slova
- růstová křivka, fermentor,
- MeSH
- bioreaktory MeSH
- fermentace * fyziologie genetika MeSH
- fungální proteiny * biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- kultivační média * MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
- Pichia genetika metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- proteomika * metody MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny * biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
