OBJECTIVE: Prepregnancy optimization of cardiovascular function may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia. We aimed to assess the feasibility and effect of preconception cardiovascular monitoring, exercise, and beetroot juice on cardiovascular parameters in women planning to conceive. DESIGN AND METHOD: Prospective single-site, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Thirty-two women, aged 18-45 years, were allocated into one of four arms (1 : 1 : 1 : 1): exercise, beetroot juice, exercise plus beetroot juice and no intervention for 12 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at home daily. Cardiac output ( CO ) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were assessed via bio-impedance. RESULTS: Twenty-nine out of 32 (91%) participants completed the study. Adherence to daily BP and weight measurements were 81% and 78%, respectively ( n = 29). Eight out of 15 (53%) of participants did not drink all the provided beetroot juice because of forgetfulness and taste. After 12 weeks, exercise was associated with a reduction in standing TPR (-278 ± 0.272 dynes s cm -5 , P < 0.05), and an increase in standing CO (+0.88 ± 0.71 l/min, P < 0.05). Exercise and beetroot juice together was associated with a reduction in standing DBP ( 7 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.05), and an increase in standing CO (+0.49 ± 0.66 l/min, P < 0.05). The control group showed a reduction in standing TPR ( 313 ± 387 dynes s cm -5 ) and standing DBP ( 8 ± 5mmHg). All groups gained weight. CONCLUSION: Exercise and beetroot juice in combination showed a signal towards improving cardiovascular parameters. The control group showed improvements, indicating that home measurement devices and regular recording of parameters are interventions in themselves. Nevertheless, interventions before pregnancy to improve cardiovascular parameters may alter the occurrence of hypertensive conditions during pregnancy and require further investigation in adequately powered studies.

• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dusičnany * MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• hypertenze * MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Spruce wood and Typha (wetland plant) derived biochars pyrolyzed at 350 °C and 600 °C were tested for their sorption affinity for organic pollutants (diclofenac, methylparaben, benzotriazole and sodium 1-decanesulfonate) and nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and boron) commonly found in greywater. Batch and column studies combined with molecular dynamics modelling determined the sorption capacity, kinetics, and described the underlying mechanisms. The spruce biochar (600 °C) exhibited the highest sorption capacity mainly for the tested organics. The dynamic test performed for spruce biochar (600 °C) showed that the magnitude of desorption was low, and the desorbed amount ranged between 3 and 11 %. Molecular dynamics modelling (a computational tool for elucidating molecular-level interactions) indicated that the increased sorption of nitrate and boron on spruce biochar (600 °C) could be attributed to hydrophobic interactions. The molecular dynamics shows that predominant adsorption of organic pollutants was governed by π-π stacking, with a minor role of hydrogen-bonding on the biochar surface. In summary, higher pyrolysis temperature biochar yielded greater adsorption capacity greywater borne contaminants and the reaction temperature (10-34 °C) and presence of anionic surfactant had a limited effect on the adsorption of organic pollutants, suggesting efficacious application of biochar in general for greywater treatment in nature-based systems.

• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• bor MeSH
• dřevěné a živočišné uhlí chemie   MeSH
• dusičnany MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí * MeSH
• organické látky MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
• živiny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• akutní srdeční selhání,
• MeSH
• diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
• diuretika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dusičnany terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kardiogenní šok diagnóza   MeSH
• kardiotonika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mimotělní membránová oxygenace MeSH
• opioidní analgetika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• oxygenoterapie MeSH
• plicní edém etiologie   MeSH
• podpůrné srdeční systémy MeSH
• srdeční selhání * diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Nemocných zařaditelných do syndromu křehkosti (frailty syndrom) se stárnutím populace přibývá, a proto se péče o ně stává aktuálním tématem. Doporučené postupy sestavené na základech výsledků randomizovaných studií pro ně neplatí, protože křehcí nemocní prakticky nikdy do běžných studií zařazeni nebyli. Máme tak jen málo údajů jak se k diagnostice a léčbě těchto pacientů postavit. Nezbývá než na základě známé zranitelnosti křehkých nemocných, pokud jsou vystaveni náročnějším diagnostickým a léčebným metodám, při znalosti jejich odlišného metabolismu farmak a také s akceptací omezeného dožití, modifikovat jinak běžně užívané postupy.

Aging population is connected with growing number of frailty patients and care for this category of patients is specific. Guidelines established on the basis of randomized studies are not applicable for frailty patients, because these were excluded from nearly all studies. We have only a few objective data how realize our posture for diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in these patients. There is the only possibility, with the knowledge of vulnerability of frailty patients when they are exposed to more demanding diagnostic and therapeutic methods, according to their different pharmacokinetics of the drugs and with acceptation of their shorter life expectancy to find modifications of usually used approach.

• MeSH
• beta blokátory farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus terapie   MeSH
• dusičnany farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hypertenze komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• hypolipidemika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inhibitory agregace trombocytů terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ischemická choroba srdeční * farmakoterapie   komplikace   mortalita   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinické rozhodování MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• křehký senior * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• revaskularizace myokardu MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

The effect of nitrate (NO3-) supplementation on blood pressure (BP) responses during large muscle mass isometric and ischaemic exercise in healthy young adults is unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 5-day supplementation of NO3- on BP responses during a short isometric contraction and a sustained ischaemic contraction. In a randomised, double-blinded, crossover design, 14 healthy active young adults underwent BP measurements after 5 days of either NO3- (NIT) or placebo (PLA) supplementation. Beat-by-beat BP was measured at pre- and post-exercise rest, and during a short (20 s) isometric contraction at 25% maximal strength and throughout a sustained ischaemic contraction. Plasma nitrite (NO2-) concentration increased significantly after NO3- supplementation compared to placebo (475 ± 93 nmol·L-1 vs. 198 ± 46 nmol·L-1, p < 0.001, d = 3.37). Systolic BP was significantly lower at pre- (p = 0.051) and post-exercise rest (p = 0.006), during a short isometric contraction (p = 0.030), and throughout a sustained ischaemic contraction (p = 0.040) after NO3- supplementation. Mean arterial pressure was significantly lower at pre- (p = 0.004) and post-exercise rest (p = 0.043), during a short isometric contraction (p = 0.041), and throughout a sustained ischaemic contraction (p = 0.021) after NO3- supplementation. Diastolic BP was lower at pre-exercise rest (p = 0.032), but not at post-exercise rest, during a short isometric contraction, and during a sustained ischaemic contraction (all p > 0.05). Five days of NO3- supplementation elevated plasma NO2- concentration and reduced BP during a short isometric contraction and a sustained ischaemic contraction in healthy adults. These observations indicate that multiple-day nitrate supplementation can decrease BP at rest and attenuate the increased BP response during isometric exercise. These findings support that NO3- supplementation is an effective nutritional intervention in reducing SBP and MAP in healthy young males during submaximal exercise.

• MeSH
• částečné omezení průtoku krve * MeSH
• dusičnany * MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• oxid dusičitý farmakologie   MeSH
• oxidy dusíku MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The massive production and use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have led to their increasing release into the environment. Even though the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of native nanoparticles have been well studied, the environmental impacts of transformation products such as silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S NPs) have not been elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the toxicity of Ag2S NPs and silver nitrate (AgNO3), as a source of Ag, to the earthworm Eisenia andrei using a nominal concentration of 5 mg Ag kg-1 soil. We used the OECD guidelines to assess effects on weight loss and mortality for 14 days. After exposure, we also extracted the immune effector cells (coelomocytes) and conducted a battery of biomarker tests. To ensure the quality of the toxicological results, the structural changes of NPs during the experiment and the uptake of silver by the earthworms were monitored. During the experiment, mortality effects were not detected, but a weight loss was observed in the earthworms exposed to Ag2S NPs. Altough Ag2S NPs were engulfed by E. andrei cells, neither phenoloxidase activity nor lipid peroxidation differed from the untreated control group. Cells from earthworms treated with Ag2S NPs exerted very broad value range of nitric oxide (NO) generation, suggesting an imbalance in the NO metabolism. Overall, this study suggests minimal risks associated with Ag2S NPs exposure to earthworms. However, further studies are needed to assure no immunotoxicological or chronic effects on a wider range of terrestrial organisms.

• MeSH
• dusičnan stříbrný toxicita   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
• kovové nanočástice * chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * toxicita   MeSH
• Oligochaeta * MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• sloučeniny stříbra MeSH
• stříbro metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs, OPAHs) are abundant in the atmosphere and contribute significantly to the health risk associated with inhalation of polluted air. Despite the health hazard they pose, NPAHs and OPAHs were rarely included in monitoring. The aim of this study is to provide the first multi-year temporal trends of the concentrations, composition pattern and fate of NPAHs and OPAHs in air from a site representative of background air quality conditions in central Europe. Samples were collected every second week at a rural background site in the Czech Republic during 2015-2017. Concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 160 pg m-3 for Σ17NPAHs, from 32 to 2600 pg m-3 for Σ10OPAHs and from 5.1 to 4300 pg m-3 for Σ2O-heterocycles. The average particulate mass fraction (θ) ranged from 0.01 ± 0.02 (2-nitronaphthalene) to 0.83 ± 0.22 (1-nitropyrene) for individual NPAHs and from <0.01 ± 0.01 (dibenzofuran) to 0.96 ± 0.08 (6H-benzo (c,d)pyren-6-one) for individual OPAHs and O-heterocycles. The multiyear variations showed downward trends for a number of targeted compounds. This suggests that on-going emission reductions of PAHs are effective also for co-emitted NPAHs and OPAHs.

• MeSH
• dusičnany MeSH
• kyslík analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH

The inhalation of metal (including lead) nanoparticles poses a real health issue to people and animals living in polluted and/or industrial areas. In this study, we exposed mice to lead(II) nitrate nanoparticles [Pb(NO3)2 NPs], which represent a highly soluble form of lead, by inhalation. We aimed to uncover the effects of their exposure on individual target organs and to reveal potential variability in the lead clearance. We examined (i) lead biodistribution in target organs using laser ablation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), (ii) lead effect on histopathological changes and immune cells response in secondary target organs and (iii) the clearance ability of target organs. In the lungs and liver, Pb(NO3)2 NP inhalation induced serious structural changes and their damage was present even after a 5-week clearance period despite the lead having been almost completely eliminated from the tissues. The numbers of macrophages significantly decreased after 11-week Pb(NO3)2 NP inhalation; conversely, abundance of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cells, which are responsible for augmented collagen production, increased in both tissues. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and selected cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), interleukin 6(IL-6), IL-1α and IL-1β , displayed a tissue-specific response to lead exposure. In summary, diminished inflammatory response in tissues after Pb(NO3)2 NPs inhalation was associated with prolonged negative effect of lead on tissues, as demonstrated by sustained pathological changes in target organs, even after long clearance period.

• MeSH
• aktiny agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• alveolární makrofágy účinky léků   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• aplikace inhalační MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• dusičnany farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• inhalační expozice analýza   MeSH
• interleukin-1alfa agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• interleukin-6 agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• myši inbrední ICR MeSH
• myši MeSH
• NF-kappa B agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• olovo farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• plíce účinky léků   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• poločas MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• TNF-alfa agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta1 agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Trichodesmium is an important dinitrogen (N2)-fixing cyanobacterium in marine ecosystems. Recent nucleic acid analyses indicate that Trichodesmium colonies with their diverse epibionts support various nitrogen (N) transformations beyond N2 fixation. However, rates of these transformations and concentration gradients of N compounds in Trichodesmium colonies remain largely unresolved. We combined isotope-tracer incubations, micro-profiling and numeric modelling to explore carbon fixation, N cycling processes as well as oxygen, ammonium and nitrate concentration gradients in individual field-sampled Trichodesmium colonies. Colonies were net-autotrophic, with carbon and N2 fixation occurring mostly during the day. Ten percent of the fixed N was released as ammonium after 12-h incubations. Nitrification was not detectable but nitrate consumption was high when nitrate was added. The consumed nitrate was partly reduced to ammonium, while denitrification was insignificant. Thus, the potential N transformation network was characterised by fixed N gain and recycling processes rather than denitrification. Oxygen concentrations within colonies were ~60-200% air-saturation. Moreover, our modelling predicted steep concentration gradients, with up to 6-fold higher ammonium concentrations, and nitrate depletion in the colony centre compared to the ambient seawater. These gradients created a chemically heterogeneous microenvironment, presumably facilitating diverse microbial metabolisms in millimetre-sized Trichodesmium colonies.

• MeSH
• amoniové sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• autotrofní procesy MeSH
• denitrifikace MeSH
• dusičnany metabolismus   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• fixace dusíku MeSH
• koloběh dusíku MeSH
• koloběh uhlíku MeSH
• kyslík metabolismus   MeSH
• mořská voda mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nitrifikace MeSH
• oxid uhličitý metabolismus   MeSH
• Trichodesmium metabolismus   MeSH
• uhlík metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

Kardiovaskulární onemocnění jsou nejčastější příčinou úmrtí ve vyspělých zemích světa i v České republice. Farmakoterapie po PCI pro chronickou ICHS musí být přísně individuální s respektem k pacientským charakteristikám (věk, anamnéza IM či předchozího revaskularizačního výkonu, přítomnost dalších RF, atd.), koronárnímu nálezu a systolické funkci LK (rozsah postižení koronárního stromu, kompletní versus nekompletní revaskularizace, zachovalá versus snížená systolická funkce LK) a také s přihlédnutím ke specifikům samotného PCI výkonu (počet a délka stentů, lékové versus holé stenty, PCI bifurkační stenózy, PCI chronického uzávěru nebo zákrok na kmeni levé věnčité tepny atd.). Cílem léčby je odstranění obtíží a zlepšení prognózy nemocných.

Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for the majority of deaths in the developed countries as well as in the Czech Republic. Pharmacotherapy after PCI in patients with chronic CAD must be tailored to the individual patient with respect to patient characteristics (age, history of MI, presence of other risk factors, etc.), coronary involvement and systolic function of the left ventricle (single versus multivessel disease, completeness of revascularization, preserved or depressed left ventricular systolic function), and with respect to the percutaneous procedure itself (number of stents, bare versus drug-eluting stents, bifurcation stenosis, left main PCI, etc.). The goal of the treatment is pain relief and improvement of the patient's outcome.

• MeSH
• antikoagulancia terapeutické užití   MeSH
• beta blokátory farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• duální protidestičková léčba MeSH
• dusičnany farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ischemická choroba srdeční * farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• koronární angioplastika * MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• revaskularizace myokardu metody   MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• statiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH