Úvod: Technologie trojrozměrného exoskopu ORBEYE™ Olympus je unikátním řešením v oblasti vizualizace s jasnějším obrazem ve srovnání se standardním obrazem, který umožňuje přepnutí i do režimu úzkopásmového zobrazování. ORBEYE™ poskytuje přesné zobrazení anatomických detailů a struktur tkání. Metoda a materiál: Od roku 2021 je na našem pracovišti k dispozici přístroj ORBEYETM. V období od 11/2021 do 11/2023 jsme s jeho využitím operovali 97 pacientů. Výsledky: Technologii jsme používali v otorinolaryngologii pro tyto operační výkony: navigovaná mikrochirurgie hrtanu, biopsie z orofaryngu/hypofaryngu v kombinaci s využitím módu úzkopásmového světla (n = 75) a navigované biopsie z kořene jazyka a hypofaryngu. Dále pro ušní operace v rozsahu myringoplastika, atikoantrotomie, meatoplastika (n = 7). Dále pro primární a revizní navigované operace příštítných tělísek, navigované operace štítné žlázy – v rozsahu hemithyreoidektomie, totální thyreoidektomie (n = 15). Závěr: Exoskop ORBEYE™ poskytuje nový pohled na zobrazení tkání hrtanu, orofaryngu, hypofaryngu, středního ucha, štítné žlázy a příštítných tělísek při chirurgických zákrocích. Jeho výhodami jsou přirozená poloha těla chirurga při operaci, operování bez okulárních čoček, nelimitovaný operační prostor. Systém umožňuje účast celého chirurgického týmu na operačních výkonech a předávání zkušeností dalším kolegům.

Introduction: The 4K 3-dimensional ORBEYE™ exoscope/video microscope technology (Olympus) is a revolutionary solution in visualization with clearer precise images compared to the standard one, allowing the switch to a Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) mode. It is mainly used in neurosurgery. Materials and methods: Between 11/2021 and 11/2023, we operated on 97 patients using ORBEYE™, which has been available in our institution since 2021. Results: We used ORBEYE™ in otorhinolaryngology on head and neck surgery for this spectrum of surgical procedures: Group I: navigated laryngeal microsurgery and navigated oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal biopsies. Seventy-five patients were operated on with a diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the larynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. Group II: navigated parathyroid surgery and thyroid surgery. A total of 15 patients were operated on parathyroid and thyroid lesions. Group III: ear surgery. A total of 7 patients were operated on for diagnosis of tympanic membrane perforation, chronic otitis media, and exostoses of the external auditory canal. Conclusion: ORBEYE™ provided a unique resolution and highly detailed view of the laryngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, middle ear, thyroid, and parathyroid tissues in high-resolution 4K and 3-dimensional modes of surgical procedures. For us, the advantages of the ORBEYE™ system were a comfortable upright position of the surgeon‘s body, the ability to perform surgery without eyepiece lenses, flexible positioning, and a large surgical space. This method allowed the participation of the entire surgical team in the surgical procedures and the transfer of experience to other colleagues. Thus, we expect a rapid development of ORBEYE™ technology in many surgical directions.

• Klíčová slova
• ORBEYE exoskop,
• MeSH
• digitální technologie metody   MeSH
• farynx chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrochirurgie klasifikace   metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• otorinolaryngologické chirurgické výkony * klasifikace   metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• paratyreoidea chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• štítná žláza chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Záněty v oblasti orofaryngu jsou jedny z nejčastějších infekcí napříč všemi věkovými kategoriemi. Orofarynx, který obsahuje velké množství lymfatické tkáně podílející se na obraně před zevními patogenními vlivy, je vstupní branou kapénkových infekcí. Většina zánětů orofaryngu je virového původu, proto si vystačíme s volně prodejnými přípravky obsahujícími látky s dezinfekčním a lokálně znecitlivujícím účinkem. Vhodné je doporučit též celkové užívání analgetik a antipyretik k léčbě celkových symptomů a samozřejmě i režimová opatření, jako je klid na lůžku a dostatek tekutin. Při bakteriálních zánětech se málokdy obejdeme bez antibiotik, jejich indikace a volba by měla patřit výhradně do rukou lékaře.

Inflammation of the oropharynx is one of the most common infections across all age categories. The oropharynx, which contains a large amount of lymphatic tissue participating in the defense against external influences, is the gateway for infections. Most inflammations of the oropharynx are of viral origin, so over-the-counter preparations containing substances with a disinfecting and local numbing effect are sufficient. It is also advisable to recommend the overall use of analgesics and antipyretics to treat all symptoms and, of course, a regimen of measures such as bed rest and plenty of fluids. In the case of bacterial inflammations, sometimes we can do without antibiotics, their indication and choice should be exclusively in the hands of the dotor.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• faryngitida * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• orofarynx patologie   MeSH
• tonzilitida * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

This study presents a graphene field-effect transistor (gFET) biosensor with dual detection capabilities for SARS-CoV-2: one RNA detection assay to confirm viral positivity and the other for nucleocapsid (N-)protein detection as a proxy for infectiousness of the patient. This technology can be rapidly adapted to emerging infectious diseases, making an essential tool to contain future pandemics. To detect viral RNA, the highly conserved E-gene of the virus was targeted, allowing for the determination of SARS-CoV-2 presence or absence using nasopharyngeal swab samples. For N-protein detection, specific antibodies were used. Tested on 213 clinical nasopharyngeal samples, the gFET biosensor showed good correlation with RT-PCR cycle threshold values, proving its high sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Specificity was confirmed using 21 pre-pandemic samples positive for other respiratory viruses. The gFET biosensor had a limit of detection (LOD) for N-protein of 0.9 pM, establishing a foundation for the development of a sensitive tool for monitoring active viral infection. Results of gFET based N-protein detection corresponded to the results of virus culture in all 16 available clinical samples and thus it also proved its capability to serve as a proxy for infectivity. Overall, these findings support the potential of the gFET biosensor as a point-of-care device for rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and indirect assessment of infectiousness in patients, providing additional information for clinical and public health decision-making.

• MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky * přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• COVID-19 * diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• elektronické tranzistory MeSH
• fosfoproteiny MeSH
• grafit * chemie   MeSH
• koronavirové nukleokapsidové proteiny izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• nazofarynx virologie   MeSH
• RNA virová * izolace a purifikace   analýza   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * izolace a purifikace   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Secretory (S) IgA antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 are induced in saliva and upper respiratory tract (URT) secretions by natural infection and may be critical in determining the outcome of initial infection. Secretory IgA1 (SIgA1) is the predominant isotype of antibodies in these secretions. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 is most effectively accomplished by polymeric antibodies such as SIgA. We hypothesize that cleavage of SIgA1 antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by unique bacterial IgA1 proteases to univalent Fabα antibody fragments with diminished virus neutralizing activity would facilitate the descent of the virus into the lungs to cause serious disease and also enhance its airborne transmission to others. Recent studies of the nasopharyngeal microbiota of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have revealed significant increases in the proportions of IgA1 protease-producing bacteria in comparison with healthy subjects. Similar considerations might apply also to other respiratory viral infections including influenza, possibly explaining the original attribution of influenza to Haemophilus influenzae, which produces IgA1 protease.

• MeSH
• Bacteria enzymologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 * přenos   imunologie   virologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Haemophilus influenzae enzymologie   imunologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin A sekreční * metabolismus   MeSH
• imunoglobulin A imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nazofarynx mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky virové imunologie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• serinové endopeptidasy metabolismus   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory orofaryngu * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   vrozené   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• orofarynx abnormality   chirurgie   MeSH
• prenatální diagnóza MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• teratom * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   vrozené   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) poses a significant challenge in children aged 1 to 6 years, characterized by frequent and treatment-resistant ear infections. While existing studies predominantly focus on alterations in the nasopharyngeal microbiome associated with rAOM, our research explores the understudied association with the gut microbiome. In this cross-sectional observational prospective study, we enrolled 35 children aged 1 to 6 years during the 2021/2022 cold season. The test group comprised children with rAOM (n = 16), and the control group consisted of generally healthy children (n = 19). Samples (stool and nasopharyngeal swabs) were collected in late spring to ensure an antibiotic-free period. Detailed metadata was gathered through a questionnaire examining factors potentially influencing microbiota. Microbiota composition was assessed through amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Our findings revealed limited alterations in gut microbiota composition among children with rAOM compared to healthy controls. Six bacterial taxa (Veillonella, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroides and Blautia) were differentially represented with weak statistical significance. However, several bacterial taxa displayed correlations with multiple consecutive infections, with Turicibacter showing the most significant association. Additionally, day care centre attendance emerged as a potent gut microbiota modifier, independent of rAOM. Although our study identified limited differences in gut microbiota composition between children with rAOM and healthy controls, the observed correlations between the number of infections and specific bacterial taxa suggest a potential link between rAOM and the gut microbiota, warranting further investigation.

• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• Bacteria * klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nazofarynx mikrobiologie   MeSH
• otitis media * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Mulberry-like changes of the posterior inferior nasal turbinate (MPINT) can lead to nasal obstruction. Extraesophageal reflux (EER) characterized by lower pH causes mucosal inflammation and therefore can contribute to sinonasal pathologies. No prior studies have objectively examined the possible association between acidic pH and MPINT formation. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the 24-h pharyngeal pH value in patients with MPINT. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case-control multi-center study. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with chronic EER symptoms were included in the study. They filled in questionnaires aimed at reflux and sinonasal symptoms (RSI®, SNOT-22) and underwent video endoscopy evaluating the laryngeal findings (RFS®) and the presence or absence of the MPINT. And, 24-h oropharyngeal pH monitoring was used to detect the acidic pH environment in the pharynx. RESULTS: Out of the 55 analyzed patients, 38 had the MPINT (group 1), and in 17 patients, the MPINT was absent (group 2). Based on the pathological RYAN Score, in 29 (52.7%) patients, severe acidic pH drops were detected. In group 1, the acidic pH drops were diagnosed significantly more often (68.4%) compared with those in group 2 (p = 0.001). Moreover, in group 1, a significantly higher median total percentage of time spent below pH 5.5 (p = 0.005), as well as a higher median number of events lasting more than 5 min (p = 0.006), and higher median total number of events with pH drops (p = 0.017) were observed. CONCLUSION: In this study, the MPINT was significantly more often present in patients with acidic pH events detected by 24-h oropharyngeal pH monitoring. Acidic pH in the pharynx might lead to MPINT formation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:62-68, 2024.

• MeSH
• farynx MeSH
• gastroezofageální reflux * diagnóza   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Morus * MeSH
• nosní skořepy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Testing of pooled samples is an effective strategy for increasing testing capacity while saving resources and time. This study aimed to validate pooled testing and gather real-life data on its use for Covid-19 surveillance with a gargle lavage (GL) self-sampling strategy. METHODS: Two-stage pooled testing with pools of 6 and 12 samples was used for preventive testing of an asymptomatic population and Covid-19 surveillance in Czech schools. Both GL and nasopharyngeal swabs were used for sampling. RESULTS: In total, 61,111 samples were tested. The use of pooled testing for large-scale Covid-19 surveillance reduced consumable costs by almost 75% and increased testing capacity up to 3.8-fold compared to standard methods. RT-PCR experiments revealed a minimal loss of sensitivity (0-2.2%) when using pooled samples, enabling the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genes with Ct values >35. The minor loss of sensitivity was counterbalanced by a significantly increased throughput and the ability to substantially increase testing frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: Pooled testing is considerably more cost-effective and less time-consuming than standard testing for large-scale Covid-19 surveillance even when the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 is fluctuating. Gargle lavage self-sampling is a non-invasive technique suitable for sample collection without a healthcare worker's assistance.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nazofarynx * virologie   MeSH
• odběr biologického vzorku * metody   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• testování na COVID-19 průkazem nukleové kyseliny metody   MeSH
• testování na COVID-19 metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• adenoidy * MeSH
• hypertrofie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• komentáře MeSH

IMPORTANCE: Preterm newborns at risk of respiratory distress syndrome are supported with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Many newborns worsen despite CPAP and are intubated for surfactant administration, an effective therapy for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Endotracheal intubation is associated with adverse effects. Pharyngeal administration of surfactant to preterm animals and humans has been reported as an alternative. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether giving prophylactic oropharyngeal surfactant to preterm newborns at birth would reduce the rate of intubation for respiratory failure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This unblinded, parallel-group randomized clinical trial (Prophylactic Oropharyngeal Surfactant for Preterm Infants [POPART]) was conducted from December 17, 2017, to September 11, 2020, at 9 tertiary neonatal intensive care units in 6 European countries. Newborns born before 29 weeks of gestation without severe congenital anomalies, for whom intensive care was planned, were eligible for inclusion. The data were analyzed from July 27, 2022, to June 20, 2023. INTERVENTION: Newborns were randomly assigned to receive oropharyngeal surfactant at birth in addition to CPAP or CPAP alone. Randomization was stratified by center and gestational age (GA). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was intubation in the delivery room for bradycardia and/or apnea or in the neonatal intensive care unit for prespecified respiratory failure criteria within 120 hours of birth. Caregivers were not masked to group assignment. RESULTS: Among 251 participants (mean [SD] GA, 26 [1.5] weeks) who were well matched at study entry, 126 (69 [54.8%] male) with a mean (SD) birth weight of 858 (261) grams were assigned to the oropharyngeal surfactant group, and 125 (63 [50.4%] male) with a mean (SD) birth weight of 829 (253) grams were assigned to the control group. The proportion of newborns intubated within 120 hours was not different between the groups (80 [63.5%) in the oropharyngeal surfactant group and 81 [64.8%] in the control group; relative risk, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.81-1.18]). More newborns assigned to the oropharyngeal surfactant group were diagnosed with and treated for pneumothorax (21 [16.6%] vs 8 [6.4%]; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This randomized clinical trial found that administration of prophylactic oropharyngeal surfactant to newborns born before 29 weeks' GA did not reduce the rate of intubation in the first 120 hours of life. These findings suggest that administration of surfactant into the oropharynx immediately after birth in addition to CPAP should not be routinely used. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT: 2016-004198-41.

• MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• orofarynx MeSH
• plicní surfaktanty * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• porodní hmotnost MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky MeSH
• respirační insuficience * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• syndrom respirační tísně novorozenců * prevence a kontrola   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• trvalý přetlak v dýchacích cestách metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• komentáře MeSH