A unique combination of the ultrashort high-energy pulsed laser system with exceptional beam quality and a novel Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) enables simultaneous production of 2601 spots organized in the square-shaped 1 × 1 mm matrix in less than 0.01 ms. By adjusting the laser and processing parameters each spot can contain Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS, ripples), including high-spatial frequency LIPSS (HFSL) and low-spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL). DOE placed before galvanometric scanner allows easy integration and stitching of the pattern over larger areas. In addition, the LIPSS formation was monitored for the first time using fast infrared radiometry for verification of real-time quality control possibilities. During the LIPSS fabrication, solidification plateaus were observed after each laser pulse, which enables process control by monitoring heat accumulation or plateau length using a new signal derivation approach. Analysis of solidification plateaus after each laser pulse enabled dynamic calibration of the measurement. Heat accumulation temperatures from 200 to 1000 °C were observed from measurement and compared to the theoretical model. The temperature measurements revealed interesting changes in the physics of the laser ablation process. Moreover, the highest throughput on the area of 40 × 40 mm reached 1910 cm2/min, which is the highest demonstrated throughput of LIPSS nanostructuring, to the best of our knowledge. Thus, showing great potential for the efficient production of LIPSS-based functional surfaces which can be used to improve surface mechanical, biological or optical properties.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Due to the increasing incidence of allergic diseases, there is a strong need to identify a prognostic marker pointing to increased risk of allergy development allowing introduction of early preventive measures. Cord blood seems to be a good source for searching for such marker. The capacity of cord blood cells to respond to common allergens could point to increased predisposition to later allergy development. In our study, cytokines typical of Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-5, IL-13) and Treg (IL-10) immune responses were followed at both the level of gene expression and cytokine secretion in cord blood cells of newborns of healthy mothers (children with relatively low risk of allergy development) and allergic mothers (children with relatively high risk of allergy development) stimulated by allergens (pollen from birch and timothy grass, house dust mite, ovalbumin). We have not observed any difference in the response of cord blood cells of neonates of healthy and allergic mothers to allergen in vitro. Both gene expression and secretion of cytokines in response to allergen stimulation were comparable with the unstimulated controls. It seems that early postnatal events will be more decisive for future allergy development than prenatal sensitization of the foetal immune system with allergen in utero in allergic mothers.

• MeSH
• alergeny imunologie   MeSH
• alergie genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• cytokiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fetální krev cytologie   MeSH
• imunita * MeSH
• leukocyty mononukleární metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matky * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH

Probiotics are believed to prevent or reduce allergy development but the mechanism of their beneficial effect is still poorly understood. Immune characteristics of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in peripheral blood of perinatally probiotic-supplemented children of allergic mothers (51 children), non-supplemented children of allergic mothers (42 children), and non-supplemented children of healthy mothers (28 children) were compared at the age of 6-7 years. A first dose of a probiotic Escherichia coli strain (E. coli O83:K24:H31) was administered within 2 days after the birth and then 12 times during the first months of life and children were followed longitudinally. Proportion and functional properties of Tregs were estimated by flow cytometry in relation to the children's allergy status. Proportion of Tregs in the peripheral blood of children suffering from allergy tends to be higher whereas median of fluorescence intensity (MFI) of FoxP3 was significantly decreased in allergic group. Intracellular presence of regulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 was also lower in allergic children. Immune functions of Tregs reflected by both MFI of FoxP3 and IL-10 in the group of probiotic-supplemented children of allergic mothers were nearly comparable with children of healthy mothers while probiotic non-supplemented children of allergic mothers have decreased immune function of Tregs. Supplementation by probiotic E. coli strain decreases allergy incidence in high-risk children. In contrast to our expectation, proportion of Tregs has not been increased in probiotic supplemented children. Beneficial effect of probiotics on newborn immature immune system could be, at least partially, explained by the modulating immune function of Tregs. In summary, we detected increased proportion of Tregs in peripheral blood of allergic children, their functional properties were decreased in comparison with the Tregs of healthy children. A unifying hypothesis for these findings is that Treg numbers in allergic children are increased in order to compensate for decreased function.

• Klíčová slova
• FoxP3, allergy, cytokine, flow cytometry, probiotic,
• MeSH
• alergie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• cytokiny krev   imunologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• Escherichia coli * MeSH
• interleukin-10 krev   imunologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• probiotika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• IL10 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• interleukin-10 MeSH

The incidence of allergic diseases is steadily increasing an urgent need to clarify the immunologic processes which occur early in life and signal an increased risk of possible future allergy development. The ratio and maturation state of DCs together with the cytokine environment are important in directing and modulating immune responses. The maturation state (presence of CD83) of cord blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) of 52 children of healthy mothers and 58 children of allergic mothers was estimated by flow cytometry. The capacity of moDCs to express genes for subunits of IL-12 family cytokines was monitored using real-time PCR and protein secretion in cell culture supernatants by ELISA. The percentage of CD83+ moDCs was significantly higher in the allergic group after LPS stimulation (43.11 ± 4.41) in comparison to the healthy group (24.85 ± 3.37). Significantly higher gene expression of subunits of IL-12 family members was observed in moDCs of children of allergic mothers, in comparison with children of healthy mothers. The differences were evident mainly after LPS stimulation of moDCs (healthy group: p19: 3.05 ± 1.24; p28: 14.8 ± 6.8; p35: 1.8 ± 0.6; p40: 8.0 ± 3.5; EBI3: 3.0 ± 1.2; allergic group: p19: 6.1 ± 2.7; p28: 61.4 ± 22.2; p35: 14.9 ± 6.5; p40: 36.4 ± 18.8; EBI3: 11.3 ± 3.2), with the exception of p28, whose expression was significantly higher in the allergic group even without stimulation (healthy group: 0.28 ± 0.12, allergic group: 0.87 ± 0.62). No significant difference between the healthy and allergic groups was found at the protein level. The observation of both increased presence of cell surface activation marker on moDCs and higher IL-12 family gene expression in LPS-stimulated moDCs of children of allergic mothers indicates a higher reactivity of these cells.

• MeSH
• alergie etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• antigen CD83 MeSH
• CD antigeny MeSH
• dendritické buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• fetální krev cytologie   MeSH
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• interleukin-12 metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy farmakologie   MeSH
• matky MeSH
• membránové glykoproteiny MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• CD antigeny MeSH
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• interleukin-12 MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• membránové glykoproteiny MeSH

Allergy is one of the most common diseases with constantly increasing incidence. The identification of prognostic markers pointing to increased risk of allergy development is of importance. Cord blood represents a suitable source of cells for searching for such prognostic markers. In our previous work, we described the increased reactivity of cord blood cells of newborns of allergic mothers in comparison to newborns of healthy mothers, which raised the question of whether or not this was due to the impaired function of regulatory T cells (T(regs)) in high-risk children. Therefore, the proportion and functional properties of T(regs) in cord blood of children of healthy and allergic mothers were estimated by flow cytometry. The proportion of T(regs) [CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low) forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3(+))] in cord blood of children of allergic mothers tends to be higher while, in contrast, the median of fluorescence intensity of FoxP3 was increased significantly in the healthy group. Intracellular presence of regulatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta was also higher in T(regs) of children of healthy mothers. Although we detected an increased proportion of T(regs) in cord blood of children of allergic mothers, the functional indicators (intracellular presence of regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta, median of fluorescence intensity of FoxP3) of those T(regs) were lower in comparison to the healthy group. We can conclude that impaired function of T(regs) in cord blood of children of allergic mothers could be compensated partially by their increased number. Insufficient function of T(regs) could facilitate allergen sensitization in high-risk individuals after subsequent allergen encounter.

• MeSH
• alergie krev   imunologie   MeSH
• antigeny CD4 metabolismus   MeSH
• fetální krev cytologie   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• forkhead transkripční faktory imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-10 krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• receptor interleukinu-2 - alfa-podjednotka metabolismus   MeSH
• receptor interleukinu-7 - alfa-podjednotka metabolismus   MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny CD4 MeSH
• forkhead transkripční faktory MeSH
• FOXP3 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• IL2RA protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• interleukin-10 MeSH
• receptor interleukinu-2 - alfa-podjednotka MeSH
• receptor interleukinu-7 - alfa-podjednotka MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta MeSH

To determine some early signs connected with the increased risk of future allergy development, gene expression and production of selected cytokines were tested in children of allergic mothers and compared with newborns of healthy mothers. Expression of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β and EGF was tested in cord blood cells using real-time PCR and production of these cytokines was evaluated in cord sera by ELISA. Gene expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β was decreased and that of IL-10, IL-13 and EGF increased in children of allergic mothers in comparison with those of healthy mothers. Significant differences in sera of healthy and allergic groups were only in IL-10 and EGF. Different relationship among serum cytokine levels reflects the fact that the cytokines are not produced only by blood cells. Significantly decreased production of EGF in newborns of allergic mothers could negatively influence maturation of mucosal membranes of these children and support thus their easier allergization. Allergic phenotype pointing to the bias to T(H)2 response and to possibly impaired intestine maturation was apparent already on the level of cord blood and could serve as a predictive sign of increased allergy risk.

• MeSH
• alergie krev   MeSH
• cytokiny krev   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• epidermální růstový faktor krev   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• fetální krev cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-10 krev   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• epidermální růstový faktor MeSH
• interleukin-10 MeSH

Intratracheal immunization of mice with inactivated influenza B virus and delipidated Bacillus firmus as adjuvant increases protection of mice against infection with the homologous virus strain and induces cross-protection: mice immunized by influenza virus B/Yamanashi 166/98 were protected even against phylogenetically distant virus drift variant B/Lee/40 lethal for mice.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• aplikace inhalační MeSH
• Bacillus imunologie   MeSH
• imunizace metody   MeSH
• inaktivované vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• infekce viry z čeledi Orthomyxoviridae imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• vakcíny proti chřipce aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• virus chřipky B imunologie   MeSH
• zkřížená ochrana MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
• inaktivované vakcíny MeSH
• vakcíny proti chřipce MeSH

Knowledge on the involvement of spinal COX-1 and COX-2 in pain due to osteoarthritis could be useful for better understanding of its pathogenesis and therapy. In this study we have investigated a long-term pattern of expression and production of spinal COX-1 and COX-2 in the model of osteoarthritis induced in rats by injection of monoiodoacetate (MIA) into the knee joint. MIA injection produced thermal hyperalgesia (assessed by the plantar test) and tactile allodynia (measured with von Frey hairs). The pain measures reached maximum on the fifht day, then remained relatively stable. The expression of spinal COX-2 mRNA reached maximum on day 5 (5.2 times; P<0.001) and remained increased until day 31 (4.9 times; P<0.001). Expression of spinal COX-1 mRNA increased gradually reaching maximum on the day 31 (4.5 times; P<0.001) when the relative expression of both genes was almost equal. The production of both proteins was almost similar at the beginning of the experiment. The highest production of COX-2 protein was observed on day 5 after the induction of osteoarthritis (increased 3.9 times). The levels of COX-1 protein increased gradually with maximum on day 31 (3.4 times). The present findings indicate that not only expression of COX-2 mRNA but also that of COX-1 mRNA is significantly increased in the spine during osteoarthritis pain. Thus, in contrast to inflammatory pain, the upregulation of spinal COX-1 may be important in osteoarthritis pain.

• MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů chemicky indukované   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• bolest chemicky indukované   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cyklooxygenasa 1 biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• cyklooxygenasa 2 biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• enzymová indukce MeSH
• hyperalgezie chemicky indukované   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyselina jodoctová MeSH
• membránové proteiny biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• měření bolesti MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• mícha enzymologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• práh bolesti MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
• cyklooxygenasa 2 MeSH
• kyselina jodoctová MeSH
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• Ptgs1 protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
• Ptgs2 protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč

IgE against mixtures of common food or respiratory allergens were determined by ELISA in healthy (n = 38) and allergic (n = 62) mothers and their children. Significantly higher level of IgE against respiratory allergens was found in sera of allergic mothers and in cord blood of their children. No correlation between antibody level in maternal and newborn's sera was found; this argues against the transfer of IgE from mother to fetus and points rather to offspring's intrauterine sensitization. Specific IgE level in cord blood was higher in children who developed later allergy than in children who did not. Specific IgE level in colostrum was low both in healthy and allergic mothers; there was no correlation between high concentration of IgE against respiratory allergens in sera of allergic mothers and their colostrum, which does not support the idea of IgE transport from blood to mammary gland. Only slightly increased colostral IgE was detected in allergic mothers whose children manifested allergy later. Allergy of the mother and high level of anti-allergen IgE in her serum and in cord blood are the main predictive factors of future occurrence of allergy in the offspring. A combination of several predictive factors could have higher prognostic value.

• MeSH
• alergie MeSH
• fetální krev imunologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin E analýza   krev   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kolostrum imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maternofetální výměna látek MeSH
• mateřské mléko imunologie   MeSH
• matky MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• potravinová alergie etiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• respirační alergie etiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin E MeSH

Testing of cytokine levels in colostrum, cord blood and amniotic fluid of healthy and allergic mothers and their newborns (using protein microarrays and quantitative analysis by ELISA) revealed differences in the levels of IL-5, IL-10, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, EGF and eotaxin between healthy and allergic groups. Significantly higher concentration of IL-5 and IL-10 in the colostrum of allergic mothers and cord blood of their children and also tendency to a higher level of IL-4 found at allergic mothers and their children (but without statistical significance) indicate a bias to T(H)2 response in this group. The higher level of TGF-beta in the colostrum of healthy mothers should be involved in beneficial immunological tuning of their children including enhanced IgA formation and better intestine maturation. In amniotic fluid, concentration of TGF-beta was higher in children of allergic mothers. A significantly higher level of EGF was proved in the colostrum of healthy mothers and in cord blood of their children in comparison with allergic group. EGF deficiency in the allergic group could impair or delay intestine maturation and support thus allergy development.

• MeSH
• alergie krev   diagnóza   imunologie   MeSH
• čipová analýza proteinů metody   MeSH
• cytokiny krev   imunologie   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• epidermální růstový faktor krev   MeSH
• fetální krev imunologie   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• kolostrum imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• plodová voda imunologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• epidermální růstový faktor MeSH