The lacrimal gland is crucial for maintaining ocular health by producing the aqueous component of the tear film, which hydrates and nourishes the ocular surface. Decreased production of this component results in dry eye disease, a condition affecting over 250 million people worldwide. However, the scarcity of primary human material for studying its underlying mechanisms and the absence of a cell model for human lacrimal gland epithelial cells present significant challenges. Here, we describe the generation of immortalized human lacrimal gland cell lines through the introduction of an SV40 antigen. We successfully isolated and characterized three cell clones from a female lacrimal gland donor, confirming their epithelial identity through genomic and protein analyses, including PCR, RNAseq, immunofluorescence and cultivation in a 3D spheroid model. Our findings represent a significant advancement, providing improved accessibility to investigate the molecular pathogenesis mechanisms of dry eye disease and potential therapeutic interventions. We identified the expression of typical epithelial cell marker genes and demonstrated the cells' capability to form 2D cell sheets and 3D spheroids. This establishment of immortalized human lacrimal gland cells with epithelial characteristics holds promise for future comprehensive studies, contributing to a deeper understanding of dry eye disease and its cellular mechanisms.

• Klíčová slova
• cell line, dry eye, epithelial cells, immortalized, lacrimal gland, tear secretion, tears,
• MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• slzné ústrojí * metabolismus   MeSH
• slzy metabolismus   MeSH
• syndromy suchého oka * metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Ectodermal organ development, including lacrimal gland, is characterized by an interaction between an epithelium and a mesenchyme. Murine lacrimal gland is a good model to study non-stereotypical branching morphogenesis. In vitro cultures allow the study of morphogenesis events with easy access to high-resolution imaging. Particularly, embryonic lacrimal gland organotypic 3D cell cultures enable the follow-up of branching morphogenesis thanks to the analysis of territories organization by immunohistochemistry. In this chapter, we describe a method to culture primary epithelial fragments together with primary mesenchymal cells, isolated from embryonic day 17 lacrimal glands.

• Klíčová slova
• 3D culture, Branching, Development, Epithelium, Lacrimal gland, Morphogenesis,
• MeSH
• epitel MeSH
• morfogeneze MeSH
• myši MeSH
• orgánové kultury - kultivační techniky MeSH
• slzné ústrojí * MeSH
• techniky 3D buněčné kultury MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The authors present a novel modification of vastus lateralis muscle free flap based orbital reconstruction in a 41-year-old patient, with a secondary defect to an injury with technical oil under high pressure. The patient underwent multiple reconstructive procedures in different medical centers with poor functional and esthetic results including simple local plasty techniques. The patient underwent simultaneous reconstruction of the soft tissues of the orbit, and conjunctival sac based on a prelaminated vastus lateralis free flap. The two-stage reconstruction of these structures is beneficial both for the patient's psychical and mental condition and for health system finances. Therefore, whenever it's possible, we should try to decrease the number of required procedures. The authors believe that their technique can significantly improve the quality of life of patients after exenteration but simultaneously they emphasize the need to carry out more procedures in order to refine it.

• Klíčová slova
• case report, exenteration, microsurgery, orbital reconstruction, vastus lateralis muscle free flap,
• MeSH
• chirurgické laloky MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• orbita chirurgie   MeSH
• slzné ústrojí * chirurgie   MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

PURPOSE: To compare bony nasolacrimal duct anatomy between ethnic groups. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of patients of four ethnic groups who had high-resolution CTs between 2004 and 2019 covering the full length of their nasolacrimal ducts in two hospitals in Essex, England. Only normal ducts were included; patients with tearing or radiological abnormalities were excluded. Measurements were taken of the nasolacrimal duct and surrounding anatomy based on measurements found in the existing literature. RESULTS: More females (n = 114) than males (n = 40) were included. South Asian (Indian subcontinent), Afro-Caribbean and European groups were equivocal demographically (n = 25-29, mean age 40-45); however, the Oriental group was fewer in number (n = 13) and slightly older (mean age 51). South Asian and European ducts had no significant differences. Afro-Caribbean ducts were wider and shorter than European. Afro-Caribbean faces are wider and their noses flatter and wider than European. Oriental ducts were wider and longer than European, but Europeans have taller noses. CONCLUSION: The results from our Oriental group fits with the published data in Orientals. The bony nasolacrimal duct is greater in calibre (inner diameter) if the patient is of Afro-Caribbean or Oriental origin compared to European or South Asian. Acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction in Afro-Caribbean or Oriental patients may be more likely due to secondary causes.

• Klíčová slova
• Primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction, Radiological anatomy,
• MeSH
• Asijci MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ductus nasolacrimalis anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nosní skořepy anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• obstrukce slzovodu etiologie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• rasové skupiny MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

PURPOSE: To compare the success rate of monocanalicular (MI) and bicanalicular intubation (BI) in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). METHODS: MI through the inferior canaliculus and BI were performed under general anaesthesia in children from 7 to 24 months old with CNLDO. Only children after unsuccessful conservative therapy and two and more probings were included in the study. The tubes were removed 3 months after intubation and the therapeutic success was evaluated 6 months after intubation. RESULTS: There were performed 139 MI in 114 children and 119 BI in 88 children. The success rate 6 months after intubation is 135/139 (97.1%) in MI, 114/119 (95.8%) in BI and the difference in therapeutic results between MI and BI is not significant (p = 0.737). CONCLUSION: Silicone intubation is an effective procedure for treating CNLDO without difference in therapeutic success between MI and BI.Key words: congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO), monocanalicular intubation (MI), bicanalicular intubation (BI).

• MeSH
• ductus nasolacrimalis abnormality   chirurgie   MeSH
• intubace metody   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• konzervativní terapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obstrukce slzovodu vrozené   terapie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• silikony MeSH
• stenty * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• silikony MeSH

BACKGROUND: Lacrimal sac tumors are very rare and are often missed because patients present with features consistent with chronic dacryocystitis. Squamous cell carcinoma is the common-est lacrimal sac malignancy. Although primary mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the lacrimal sac are rare, they are locally aggressive. Furthermore, their proximity to vital structures and the skull base makes them potentially life-threatening. Multidisciplinary management is required, and wide excision followed by chemoradiation is the recommended treatment. CASE: Here, we report a 65-year-old male who presented with watering eyes and a mass in the region of the medial canthus. A dia-gnosis of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal sac was made, and the case was managed successfully with radical surgery and reconstruction. The tumor was resected using the extended Lynch-Howarth incision and the resulting defect was reconstructed using a forehead flap. Histopathological examination of the excised specimen revealed mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the speci-men was positive for epithelial growth factor receptor and Ki-67 protein. The patient was referred for post-operative chemoradiation. The literature is reviewed and pathological features, including immunohistochemistry are discussed. CONCLUSION: Primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal sac is a rare, locally aggressive tumor that is often mistaken for dacryocystitis. The treatment of choice is radical surgery followed by chemoradiation. KEY WORDS: lacrimal sac - mucoepidermoid carcinoma - epithelial growth factor receptor - Ki-67 protein.

• MeSH
• antigen Ki-67 metabolismus   MeSH
• ductus nasolacrimalis diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• erbB receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mukoepidermoidní karcinom diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory oka diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nemoci slzného ústrojí diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigen Ki-67 MeSH
• EGFR protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• erbB receptory MeSH

The preorbital gland plays not only an olfactory role in cervids but also a visual one. Opening this gland is an easy way for the calf to communicate with the mother, indicating hunger/satiety, stress, pain, fear, or excitement. This information can be also useful for farm operators to assess how fast the calves habituate to handling routines and to detect those calves that do not habituate and may suffer chronic stress in the future. Thirty-one calves were subjected to 2 consecutive experiments to clarify if observing preorbital gland opening is related to habituation to handling in red deer calves (Cervus elaphus). Calves were born in 3 different paddocks, handled as newborns (Exp. 1), and then subjected to the same routine handling but with different periodicity: every 1, 2, or 3 wk (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, preorbital gland opening was recorded in newborns during an initial handling (including weighing, ear tagging, and sex determination). Preorbital gland opening occurred in 93% of calves during this procedure and was not affected by sex, time since birth, or birth weight. Experiment 2 consisted of measuring preorbital opening during the same routine handling (weighing, blood sampling, and rump touching to assess body condition) when calves were 1, 3, and 5 mo old. Binary logistic regression showed that gland opening was associated with habituation to handling, since at 1 and 3 mo the probability of opening the gland decreased with the number of handlings that a calf experienced before (P = 0.008 and P = 0.028, respectively). However, there were no further changes in preorbital gland opening rate in the 5-mo-old calves (P = 0.182). The significant influence of the number of previous handlings on the probability of opening the preorbital gland was confirmed through generalized linear model with repeated measures (P = 0.007). Preorbital gland opening decreased along the phases of the study. Nevertheless, we found a significant trend in individuals to keep similar opening patterns (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.807, P < 0.001), which suggests that the more stressed individuals can be detected with this method. Therefore, we conclude that preorbital gland opening during routine handlings is related to the number of previous handlings, and thus it can be used as an indicator of lack of habituation to handling in farmed cervids.

• Klíčová slova
• Cervus elaphus, calf, habituation, handling routines, preorbital gland, stress,
• MeSH
• habituace (psychofyziologie) fyziologie   MeSH
• handling (psychologie) * MeSH
• komunikace zvířat * MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• slzné ústrojí fyziologie   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vysoká zvěř fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Because dacryoliths occur at low frequency, few studies have focused on their composition. We aimed to present findings from morphological, chemical, and mineralogic analysis of 86 dacryoliths. METHODS: We studied 86 dacryoliths obtained during 832 dacryocystorhinostomies (DCR) performed for postsaccal obstruction. We examined the samples with atomic infrared spectrometry (80 samples), amino acid analysis (17 samples), scanning electron microscopy, and an electron microprobe with an energy dispersive detector (seven samples). RESULTS: Dacryoliths were found in 86/832 DCRs (10.3 %), mostly in patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. All the dacryoliths were soft, composed of organic material, including proteins and mucoproteins, with approximately 20 % amino acid content. There were no "hard" dacryoliths composed of calcium phosphate. The stones were composed of lobes and lobules built on an amorphous core material with small cavities, probably as a result of various chemical processes that produced a gaseous product. The most frequent elements found in inorganic inclusions were silicon, magnesium, sulfur, potassium, calcium, sodium, and chlorine. Also, some particles had high contents of bismuth, titanium, iron, and organic fibers. The fibers found in the core of dacryoliths suggested a potential origin from cotton swabs used in cosmetics. CONCLUSION: Dacryoliths are composed almost exclusively of organic material, including proteins and mucoproteins, with approximately 20 % amino acid content.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny analýza   MeSH
• dakryocystorinostomie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ductus nasolacrimalis patologie   MeSH
• kaménky chemie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• litiáza chemie   diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• mikroanalýza elektronovou sondou MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mukoproteiny analýza   MeSH
• nemoci slzného ústrojí diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
• vápník analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• mukoproteiny MeSH
• vápník MeSH

The authors evaluated the successfulness of the conservative and intervention therapies combination in inborn lacrimal drainage system obstruction in a study group of 728 infants with 1154 eyes involved, treated at the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty Hospital Královské Vinohrady (Kings Vineyards), Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, E.U., during the period May 2004 - January 2011. The Fluoresceine Dye Dilution Test (FDDT) was used as the basic diagnostic test for the choice of the treatment procedure. The conservative therapy by itself, consisting of hydrostatic massages and application of germicide drops was helpful to canalize the lacrimal drainage system in 20 % of treated eyes, mostly in patients up to two months of age. The most of the patients (980 involved eyes), reached the Children outpatients of the Department of Ophthalmology at the age of approximately three months (average, 2.8 months). Since this age, the combination of the therapeutic irrigation with the probing, followed by the hydrostatic massages was indicated. The authors modified the probing technique according to their own experience gained during the endonasal intubation of the lacrimal drainage system by means of silicone tubing. At the phase of Bowmans probe entering the nasolacrimal sac, the probe was turned under the angle of 45 degrees to the vertical axis of the nose with simultaneous pressuring the probe against the orbital margin. By this procedure, the probe was introduced into the medial nasal meatus in the region of maxillary uncinate processus. Up to the end of the sixth month of age of the followed up infants, using the combination of conservative and intervention procedures, the lacrimal drainage system of 1036 eyes (90 %) was canalized. Out of 118 eyes with stenosis remaining even after 6 months of age, using the above-mentioned conservative therapy until the age of one year, 96 lacrimal drainage systems were further canalized. In the remaining 22 eyes (2 %) after the age of 1 year, the intubation of the lacrimal drainage system using the silicone tubing was performed. The total successfulness of our conservative intervention treatment strategy of lacrimal drainage system inborn obstruction up to the age of one year was 98 %.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• ductus nasolacrimalis abnormality   MeSH
• intubace normy   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• léčebná irigace normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obstrukce slzovodu vrozené   terapie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: To compare the success rate of monocanalicular intubation (MCI) compared with bicanalicular silicone intubation (BCI) in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in infants and toddlers. METHODS: In a prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study, MCI (n = 35 eyes) through the inferior canaliculus or BCI (n = 35 eyes) were performed under general anaesthesia in children aged 10 to 36 months with CNLDO. The tubes were removed 3-4 months after tube placement, and the children were followed up for 6 months after the removal of tubes. Therapeutic success was defined as the fluorescein dye disappearance test grade 0-1, corresponding with a complete resolution of previous symptoms. Partial success was defined as improvement with some residual symptoms. RESULTS: Complete and partial improvement was achieved in 31/35 (88.57%) in the BCI group and 34/35 (97.14%) in the MCI group. The difference between the two groups was not significant (p = 0.584). Complications occurred in both groups. Dislodgement of the tube and premature removal was observed in four BCI cases, and loss of the tube was observed twice in the MCI group. Canalicular slitting was observed in five eyes in the BCI group. Granuloma pyogenicum observed in 2 cases with MCI revealed a few weeks after the tube removal. Corneal erosion in the inferior medial quadrant was observed in one MCI eye and revealed in a few days after the local treatment without tube removal. CONCLUSIONS: Both MCI and the BCI are effective methods for treating CNLDO. MCI has the advantage of a lower incidence of canalicular slit and easy placement.

• MeSH
• celková anestezie MeSH
• ductus nasolacrimalis abnormality   patofyziologie   MeSH
• fluorescein metabolismus   MeSH
• intubace metody   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obstrukce slzovodu vrozené   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• odstranění implantátu MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• silikonové elastomery * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fluorescein MeSH
• silikonové elastomery * MeSH