• MeSH
• antituberkulotika farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny účinky léků   MeSH
• ethambutol farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• isoniazid farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• katalasa účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• multirezistentní tuberkulóza genetika   MeSH
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• rifampin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• streptomycin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• tuberkulóza farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Turecko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antituberkulotika MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• ethambutol MeSH
• isoniazid MeSH
• katalasa MeSH
• katG protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis MeSH Prohlížeč
• rifampin MeSH
• streptomycin MeSH

Manure from dairy farms has been shown to contain diverse tetracycline resistance genes that are transferable to soil. Here, we focus on conjugative plasmids that may spread tetracycline resistance at a conventional dairy farm. We performed exogenous plasmid isolation from cattle feces using chlortetracycline for transconjugant selection. The transconjugants obtained harbored LowGC-type plasmids and tet(Y). A representative plasmid (pFK2-7) was fully sequenced and this was compared with previously described LowGC plasmids from piggery manure-treated soil and a GenBank record from Acinetobacter nosocomialis that we also identified as a LowGC plasmid. The pFK2-7 plasmid had the conservative backbone typical of LowGC plasmids, though this region was interrupted with an insert containing the tet(Y)-tet(R) tetracycline resistance genes and the strA-strB streptomycin resistance genes. Despite Acinetobacter populations being considered natural hosts of LowGC plasmids, these plasmids were not found in three Acinetobacter isolates from the study farm. The isolates harbored tet(Y)-tet(R) genes in identical genetic surroundings as pFK2-7, however, suggesting genetic exchange between Acinetobacter and LowGC plasmids. Abundance of LowGC plasmids and tet(Y) was correlated in manure and soil samples from the farm, indicating that LowGC plasmids may be involved in the spread of tet(Y) in the environment.

• Klíčová slova
• Acinetobacter, LowGC plasmids, cattle manure, horizontal gene transfer, tet(Y), tetracycline resistance,
• MeSH
• Acinetobacter účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• chlortetracyklin farmakologie   MeSH
• farmy MeSH
• hnůj analýza   MeSH
• mapování chromozomů MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• půda MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• rezistence na tetracyklin genetika   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• skot MeSH
• streptomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí genetika   MeSH
• zemědělství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• chlortetracyklin MeSH
• hnůj MeSH
• půda MeSH
• streptomycin MeSH

BACKGROUND: Bacteria are associated with the gut, fat bodies and reproductive organs of stored product mites (Acari: Astigmata). The mites are pests due to the production of allergens. Addition of antibiotics to diets can help to characterize the association between mites and bacteria. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Ampicillin, neomycin and streptomycin were added to the diets of mites and the effects on mite population growth (Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae) and associated bacterial community structure were assessed. Mites were treated by antibiotic supplementation (1 mg g(-1) of diet) for 21 days and numbers of mites and bacterial communities were analyzed and compared to the untreated control. Bacterial quantities, determined by real-time PCR, significantly decreased in antibiotic treated specimens from 5 to 30 times in A. siro and T. putrescentiae, while no decline was observed in L. destructor. Streptomycin treatment eliminated Bartonella-like bacteria in the both A. siro and T. putrescentiae and Cardinium in T. putrescentiae. Solitalea-like bacteria proportion increased in the communities of neomycin and streptomycin treated A. siro specimens. Kocuria proportion increased in the bacterial communities of ampicillin and streptomycin treated A. siro and neomycin and streptomycin treated L. destructor. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The work demonstrated the changes of mite associated bacterial community under antibiotic pressure in pests of medical importance. Pre-treatment of mites by 1 mg g(-1) antibiotic diets improved mite fitness as indicated accelerated population growth of A. siro pretreated streptomycin and neomycin and L. destructor pretreated by neomycin. All tested antibiotics supplemented to diets caused the decrease of mite growth rate in comparison to the control diet.

• MeSH
• Acaridae účinky léků   růst a vývoj   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ampicilin farmakologie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   MeSH
• hustota populace MeSH
• mikrobiální společenstva účinky léků   MeSH
• neomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
• streptomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ampicilin MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• neomycin MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
• streptomycin MeSH

The previous use of fresh porcine xenografts at the Prague Burn Centre had raised concerns over the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. This study examines the risk of zoonotic Staphylococcus aureus colonisation of burn patients from fresh porcine skin xenografts. Samples were collected from the nares, skin and perineum of commercial pigs (n=101) and were screened for methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The efficacy of the antibiotic wash used in decontamination of the pigskin was tested against planktonic- and biofilm-grown isolates. The spa type of each isolate was also confirmed. All pig swabs were negative for MRSA but 86% positive for MSSA. All planktonic-grown isolates of MSSA were sensitive to chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin and 44% of isolates were resistant to streptomycin. Isolates grown as biofilm exhibited higher rates of antimicrobial resistance. Sequence analysis revealed three distinct spa types of the MRSA ST398 clonal type. This finding demonstrates the existence of a MSSA reservoir containing spa types resembling those of well-known MRSA strains. These MSSA exhibit resistance to antibiotics used for decontamination of the pigskin prior to xenograft. Amended use of procurement could allow the use of fresh pigskin xenografts to be reinstated.

• Klíčová slova
• Infection, MRSA, MSSA, Porcine skin,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• biologické krytí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• chloramfenikol farmakologie   MeSH
• kůže mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• nitrofurantoin farmakologie   MeSH
• nos mikrobiologie   MeSH
• perineum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• popálení terapie   MeSH
• prasata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• streptomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• chloramfenikol MeSH
• nitrofurantoin MeSH
• streptomycin MeSH

BACKGROUND: In this study, we characterised the microbiota present in the faeces of 15- and 46-week-old egg laying hens before and after tetracycline or streptomycin therapy. In the first experiment, the layers were subjected to 7 days of therapy. In the second experiment, the hens were subjected to two days of therapy, which was repeated for an additional two days after 12 days of antibiotic withdrawal. This enabled us to characterise dynamics of the changes after antibiotic administration and withdrawal, and to identify genera repeatedly resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin. RESULTS: Real-time PCRs specific for Enterobacteriales, Lactobacillales, Clostridiales and Bifidobacteriales showed that changes in the microbiota in response to antibiotic therapy and antibiotic withdrawal were quite rapid and could be observed within 24 hours after the change in therapy status. Pyrosequencing of PCR amplified V3/V4 variable regions of 16S rRNA genes showed that representatives of the orders Clostridiales, Lactobacillales, Bacteroidales, Bifidobacteriales, Enterobacteriales, Erysipelotrichales, Coriobacteriales, Desulfovibrionales, Burkholderiales, Campylobacterales and Actinomycetales were detected in the faeces of hens prior to the antibiotic therapy. Tetracycline and streptomycin therapies decreased the prevalence of Bifidobacteriales, Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, Desulfovibrionales, Burkholderiales and Campylobacterales in faecal samples in both experiments. On the other hand, Enterobacteriales and Lactobacillales always increased in prevalence in response to both therapies. Within the latter two orders, Escherichia and Enterococcus were the genera prevalence of which increased after all the antibiotic treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The changes in microbiota composition induced by the antibiotic therapy were rapid and quite dramatic and only representatives of the genera Enterococcus and Escherichia increased in response to the therapy with both antibiotics in both experiments.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• Bifidobacterium účinky léků   MeSH
• Clostridium účinky léků   MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae účinky léků   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kur domácí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární   MeSH
• Lactobacillales účinky léků   MeSH
• metagenom účinky léků   MeSH
• streptomycin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• tetracyklin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• streptomycin MeSH
• tetracyklin MeSH

A reporter gene system, based on luciferase genes from Vibrio harvei, was constructed for measurement of translation nonsense suppression in Streptomyces. Using the site-directed mutagenesis the TCA codon in position 13 of the luxB gene was replaced by all of the three stop codons individually. By cloning of luxA and luxB genes under the control of strong constitutive Streptomyces promoter ermE* in plasmid pUWL201 we created Wluxl with the wild-type sequence and pWlux2, pWlux3 and pWlux4 plasmids containing TGA-, TAG- and TAA-stop codons, respectively. Streptomyces lividans TK 24 was transformed with the plasmids and the reporter system was tested by growth of the strain in the presence of streptomycin as a translation accuracy modulator. Streptomycin increased nonsense suppression on UAA nearly 10-fold and more than 20-fold on UAG. On the other hand, UGA, the most frequent stop signal in Streptomyces, the effect was negligible.

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny analýza   genetika   MeSH
• inhibitory syntézy proteinů farmakologie   MeSH
• luciferasy bakteriální analýza   genetika   MeSH
• methyltransferasy genetika   MeSH
• mutageneze cílená MeSH
• nesmyslný kodon MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) MeSH
• proteosyntéza * MeSH
• reportérové geny * MeSH
• Streptomyces lividans účinky léků   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• streptomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• supresorové geny * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• inhibitory syntézy proteinů MeSH
• luciferasy bakteriální MeSH
• methyltransferasy MeSH
• nesmyslný kodon MeSH
• rRNA (adenosine-O-2'-)methyltransferase MeSH Prohlížeč
• streptomycin MeSH

The results of three standard methods (broth dilution, agar dilution, disk diffusion) and an experimental modification of the microdilution method for determination of resistance to ampicillin, cephalotin, cloxacillin, neomycin, novobiocin, penicillin and streptomycin were compared using 151 Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from cases of mastitis. The accuracy of the dilution methods was compared by determination of minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC, MIC50, MIC90 and modal MIC) and by assessment of the agreement within the tolerance of +/-1 dilution step in 2-fold dilution series. The results of the dilution methods were further compared with those of the reference disk diffusion method and the strains were classified as sensitive or resistant using the interpretation criteria for human strains. The comparisons indicated that MIC characteristics and the final classification as sensitive or resistant were method-dependent. Resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics was observed more often when using broth dilution methods, especially when the broth was supplemented with lactose.

• MeSH
• ampicilin farmakologie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antibiotická rezistence MeSH
• cefalothin farmakologie   MeSH
• kloxacilin farmakologie   MeSH
• mastitida skotu mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• neomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• novobiocin farmakologie   MeSH
• peniciliny farmakologie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   MeSH
• streptomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ampicilin MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• cefalothin MeSH
• kloxacilin MeSH
• neomycin MeSH
• novobiocin MeSH
• peniciliny MeSH
• streptomycin MeSH

The streptomycin/spectinomycin resistance determinant of the 29-kb plasmid pCG4 from Corynebacterium glutamicum was found to be a part of a typical class 1 integron. The sequence analysis revealed that the integron (designated InCg) identified in this Gram-positive bacterium is almost identical to the integron InC present on the plasmid pSA1700 from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Differences in only two base pairs were found in the 3.8-kb sequence. One base substitution (G-->C) is present in the streptomycin/spectinomycin resistance determinant which is thus identical to the aadA2a gene from the integron In6 of the broad-host-range plasmid pSa. The other one (C-->G) is present in the extended -10 region of the integron promoter involved in expression of the antibiotic resistance gene. It was shown that this novel version of the integron promoter displays five times higher activity in both C. glutamicum and Escherichia coli than the original one.

• MeSH
• antibiotická rezistence MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• Corynebacterium účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   MeSH
• integrasy genetika   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa genetika   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• streptomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• integrasy MeSH
• streptomycin MeSH

Antibiotics, in addition to killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, may also affect the mechanism of host defence in many ways. Such effects may be clinically relevant especially in the case where an impairment of immunological function can be seen. We, therefore, decided to study the influence of penicillin G, cefotaxim, ceftazidime, streptomycin, and lincomycin on the function of phagocytes by using the macrophage adherence assay and the macrophage spreading assay. We also followed the concentrations of neopterin and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) in the plasma of mice treated with the above mentioned antibiotics. Changes in adherence of peritoneal macrophages were seen in mice treated with therapeutic doses of penicillin G and cefotaxim, after 2 h of incubation. Cefotaxim and streptomycin in the usual therapeutic dose and ceftazidime in a fourfold higher dose influenced the capacity of peritoneal macrophages to spread on a glass surface. The same was seen with lincomycin when administered in the therapeutic dose and in a fourfold higher dose. In all the mice treated with antibiotics the concentration of IFN gamma was higher than in the control mice, while the reverse was seen concerning neopterin release, with an exception in mice treated with streptomycin.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• biopteriny analogy a deriváty   biosyntéza   MeSH
• buněčná adheze účinky léků   MeSH
• cefotaxim farmakologie   MeSH
• ceftazidim farmakologie   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
• interferon gama biosyntéza   MeSH
• linkomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši inbrední CBA MeSH
• myši inbrední DBA MeSH
• myši MeSH
• neopterin MeSH
• penicilin G farmakologie   MeSH
• peritoneální makrofágy účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• pohyb buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• streptomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• biopteriny MeSH
• cefotaxim MeSH
• ceftazidim MeSH
• interferon gama MeSH
• linkomycin MeSH
• neopterin MeSH
• penicilin G MeSH
• streptomycin MeSH

Repeated cultivations (4 passages) of salmonellae (18 strains) resistant to cadmium, streptomycin and beta-lactam antibiotics in Müller-Hinton Broth (MHB) and Mac-Conkey Broth (MCB) without and with CdSO4 (2, 20 and 100 mg/L) showed a higher toxic effect of cadmium in MCB. The strains survived at CdSO4 100 mg/L in MHB for four transfers, in MCB only a single transfer. In dependence on the medium used and amount of metal added, the increase of resistance to antibiotics was different. In MHB, the same levels of resistance to carbenicillin and streptomycin were induced by CdSO4 (20 and 100 mg/L), in MCB it was by 2 and 20 mg/L. Simultaneous stop of the growth of a control culture S. typhimurium with chromosomal resistance to streptomycin, isolates with and without plasmid in MCB which contained CdSO4 100 mg/L, and the results of conjugal transfer of resistance suggest that changes of resistance to antibiotics were not mediated by determinants of resistance to antibiotics. The binding of cadmium to outer membrane protein can cause a decreased permeability to these antibiotics as a resistance mechanism.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antibiotická rezistence * genetika   MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• kadmium farmakologie   MeSH
• konjugace genetická MeSH
• laktamy MeSH
• mnohočetná léková rezistence genetika   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• R-plasmidy genetika   MeSH
• Salmonella účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• streptomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• laktamy MeSH
• streptomycin MeSH