In laboratory experiments, many electrophilic cytotoxic agents induce cell death accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Not surprisingly, millimolar concentrations of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is used as a universal ROS scavenger and precursor of GSH biosynthesis, inhibit ROS production, restore GSH levels, and prevent cell death. The protective effect of NAC is generally used as corroborative evidence that cell death induced by a studied cytotoxic agent is mediated by an oxidative stress-related mechanism. However, any simple interpretation of the results of the protective effects of NAC may be misleading because it is unable to interact with superoxide (O2•-), the most important biologically relevant ROS, and is a very weak scavenger of H2O2. In addition, NAC is used in concentrations that are unnecessarily high to stimulate GSH synthesis. Unfortunately, the possibility that NAC as a nucleophile can directly interact with cytotoxic electrophiles to form non-cytotoxic NAC-electrophile adduct is rarely considered, although it is a well-known protective mechanism that is much more common than expected. Overall, apropos the possible mechanism of the cytoprotective effect of NAC in vitro, it is appropriate to investigate whether there is a direct interaction between NAC and the cytotoxic electrophile to form a non-cytotoxic NAC-electrophilic adduct(s).

• Klíčová slova
• N-acetylcysteine, N-acetylcysteine-electrophile adduct, electrophile, mechanism of protection, nucleophile,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The effect of ten derivatives of carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone on growth of bacteria, yeast and different species of filamentous fungi was investigated. In yeast and mitochondria isolated from rat liver the effect of these derivatives on the respiratory activity was also followed. The relative efficiency of the individual derivatives of carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone was determined on the basis of the results obtained. It was shown that derivatives, in which the substituent on the benzene ring causes simultaneously an increase of acidity and lipophilicity of the derivative as compared with the non-substituted carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone (4-trifluoromethoxy-, 3-chloro-, 4-chloro and 3,4-dichloro-derivatives) were most effective.

• MeSH
• Bacillus cereus růst a vývoj   MeSH
• houby růst a vývoj   MeSH
• jaterní mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• karbonylkyanid-m-chlorfenylhydrazon analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• karbonylkyanid-p-trifluormethoxyfenylhydrazon farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• nitrily farmakologie   MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• karbonylkyanid-m-chlorfenylhydrazon MeSH
• karbonylkyanid-p-trifluormethoxyfenylhydrazon MeSH
• nitrily MeSH

• MeSH
• aktivní transport * MeSH
• amidy farmakologie   MeSH
• arabinosa metabolismus   MeSH
• azidy farmakologie   MeSH
• dinitrofenoly farmakologie   MeSH
• fluoridy farmakologie   MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• izotopy uhlíku MeSH
• kadmium farmakologie   MeSH
• lanthan farmakologie   MeSH
• měď farmakologie   MeSH
• mitosporické houby účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• monosacharidy metabolismus   MeSH
• rtuť farmakologie   MeSH
• thorium farmakologie   MeSH
• uran farmakologie   MeSH
• xylosa metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amidy MeSH
• arabinosa MeSH
• azidy MeSH
• dinitrofenoly MeSH
• fluoridy MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• izotopy uhlíku MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• lanthan MeSH
• měď MeSH
• monosacharidy MeSH
• rtuť MeSH
• thorium MeSH
• uran MeSH
• xylosa MeSH

• MeSH
• cystein farmakologie   MeSH
• ethanol metabolismus   MeSH
• fenylhydraziny farmakologie   MeSH
• fermentace účinky léků   MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• kvasinky účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyanidy farmakologie   MeSH
• laktáty metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidativní fosforylace účinky léků   MeSH
• pyruváty metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cystein MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• fenylhydraziny MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• kyanidy MeSH
• laktáty MeSH
• pyruváty MeSH