Pulmonary hypertension is a group of disorders characterized by elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance. To test our hypothesis that combining two drugs useful in experimental pulmonary hypertension, statins and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA S), is more effective than either agent alone, we induced pulmonary hypertension in adult male rats by exposing them to hypoxia (10%O2) for 3 weeks. We treated them with simvastatin (60 mg/l) and DHEA S (100 mg/l) in drinking water, either alone or in combination. Both simvastatin and DHEA S reduced mPAP (froma mean±s.d. of 34.4±4.4 to 27.6±5.9 and 26.7±4.8 mmHg, respectively), yet their combination was not more effective (26.7±7.9 mmHg). Differences in the degree of oxidative stress (indicated by malondialdehydeplasma concentration),the rate of superoxide production (electron paramagnetic resonance), or blood nitric oxide levels (chemiluminescence) did not explain the lack of additivity of the effect of DHEA S and simvastatin on pulmonary hypertension. We propose that the main mechanism of both drugs on pulmonary hypertension could be their inhibitory effect on 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, which could explain their lack of additivity.

• MeSH
• arteria pulmonalis MeSH
• dehydroepiandrosteron farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dehydroepiandrosteronsulfát MeSH
• hypoxie komplikace   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• plicní hypertenze * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• simvastatin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dehydroepiandrosteron MeSH
• dehydroepiandrosteronsulfát MeSH
• simvastatin MeSH

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are one of the most important crops worldwide. However, its production and nutrient content are endangered by both biotic and abiotic stresses. The main yield losses are caused by pest damage (e.g., Colorado potato beetle and aphids), virus disease (e.g., Potato leafroll virus and Potato viruses Y and X), or oomycete pathogens (like Phytophthora infestans), which also significantly affect the production of antinutrients and toxic metabolites of plants. Therefore, the use of genetic engineering could be an efficient tool, not harmful to the environment, and beneficial to the consumer. In this review, we focus on the main sources of problems in the field of potato production according to approved genetic modifications, their traditional solution and positive impact of gene transfection reducing economic losses, use of insecticides, and improving the nutritional properties of potatoes. We summarize all transgenic events that have been performed on potatoes and have been approved for cultivation and/or direct use or processing as feed or food.

• Klíčová slova
• Colorado potato beetle, GMO, Phytophthora infestans, Potato virus Y, acrylamide, potatoes,
• MeSH
• bezpečnost potravin MeSH
• geneticky modifikované rostliny genetika   MeSH
• insekticidy * MeSH
• nemoci rostlin genetika   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Phytophthora infestans * genetika   MeSH
• Solanum tuberosum * genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• insekticidy * MeSH

Aluminum accumulation, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in erythrocytes and brain and liver homogenates of BALB/c mice treated with Al3+ (7.5 mg/kg/day (0.15 LD50) as AlCl3 (37.08 mg/kg/day), whereas HCl (30.41 mg/kg/day) was used as Cl- control, the treatments were performed for 21 days, i.p., in the presence and absence of rosmarinic acid (0.2805 mg/kg/day (0.05 LD50), 21 days, i.g.) or carvacrol (0.0405 mg/kg/day (0.05 LD50), 21 days, i.g.). The treatment with AlCl3 increased GSH concentration in erythrocytes only slightly and had no effect on brain and liver homogenates. Rosmarinic acid and carvacrol strongly increased GSH concentration in erythrocytes but decreased it in brain and liver homogenates. However, AlCl3 treatment led to Al accumulation in mice blood, brain, and liver and induced oxidative stress, assessed based on MDA concentration in the brain and liver. Both rosmarinic acid and carvacrol were able to counteract the negative Al effect by decreasing its accumulation and protecting tissues from lipid peroxidation. AlCl3 treatment increased CAT activity in mice brain and liver homogenates, whereas the administration of either rosmarinic acid or carvacrol alone or in combination with AlCl3 had no significant effect on CAT activity. SOD activity remained unchanged after all the treatments in our study. We propose that natural herbal phenolic compounds rosmarinic acid and carvacrol could be used to protect brain and liver against aluminum induced oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation.

• Klíčová slova
• aluminum toxicity, brain, carvacrol, lipid peroxidation, liver, oxidative stress, rosmarinic acid,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• biologické přípravky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• cinnamáty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• cymeny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• depsidy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• erytrocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• hliník škodlivé účinky   chemie   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina rozmarýnová MeSH
• malondialdehyd metabolismus   MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• biologické přípravky MeSH
• carvacrol MeSH Prohlížeč
• cinnamáty MeSH
• cymeny MeSH
• depsidy MeSH
• hliník MeSH
• malondialdehyd MeSH

Oxidative stress in humans is related to various pathophysiological processes, which can manifest in numerous diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer's disease. On the atomistic level, oxidative stress causes posttranslational modifications, thus inducing structural and functional changes into the proteins structure. This study focuses on fibrinogen, a blood plasma protein that is frequently targeted by reagents causing posttranslational modifications in proteins. Fibrinogen was in vitro modified by three reagents, namely sodium hypochlorite, malondialdehyde, and 3-morpholinosydnonimine that mimic the oxidative stress in diseases. Newly induced posttranslational modifications were detected via mass spectrometry. Electron microscopy was used to visualize changes in the fibrin networks, which highlight the extent of disturbances in fibrinogen behavior after exposure to reagents. We used molecular dynamics simulations to observe the impact of selected posttranslational modifications on the fibrinogen structure at the atomistic level. In total, 154 posttranslational modifications were identified, 84 of them were in fibrinogen treated with hypochlorite, 51 resulted from a reaction of fibrinogen with malondialdehyde, and 19 were caused by 3-morpholinosydnonimine. Our data reveal that the stronger reagents induce more posttranslational modifications in the fibrinogen structure than the weaker ones, and they extensively alter the architecture of the fibrin network. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the effect of posttranslational modifications on fibrinogen secondary structure varies from negligible alternations to serious disruptions. Among the serious disruptions is the oxidation of γR375 resulting in the release of Ca2+ ion that is necessary for appropriate fibrin fiber formation. Folding of amino acids γE72-γN77 into a short α-helix is a result of oxidation of γP76 to glutamic acid. The study describes behaviour of fibrinogen coiled-coil connecter in the vicinity of plasmin and hementin cleavage sites.

• MeSH
• fibrinogen chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• posttranslační úpravy proteinů * MeSH
• sekundární struktura proteinů MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fibrinogen MeSH

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of molecular hydrogen (H2) on the healing of alkali-injured cornea. The effects of the solution of H2 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or PBS alone topically applied on the alkali-injured rabbit cornea with 0.25 M NaOH were investigated using immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. Central corneal thickness taken as an index of corneal hydration was measured with an ultrasonic pachymeter. Results show that irrigation of the damaged eyes with H2 solution immediately after the injury and then within next five days renewed corneal transparency lost after the injury and reduced corneal hydration increased after the injury to physiological levels within ten days after the injury. In contrast, in injured corneas treated with PBS, the transparency of damaged corneas remained lost and corneal hydration elevated. Later results-on day 20 after the injury-showed that in alkali-injured corneas treated with H2 solution the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, peroxynitrite, detected by nitrotyrosine residues (NT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) expressions were very low or absent compared to PBS treated injured corneas, where NT and MDA expressions were present. In conclusion, H2 solution favorably influenced corneal healing after alkali injury via suppression of oxidative stress.

• MeSH
• aktiny metabolismus   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• exprese genu účinky léků   MeSH
• hydroxid sodný toxicita   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• interleukin-1beta genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• keratin-12 metabolismus   MeSH
• keratin-3 metabolismus   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• kyselina peroxydusitá metabolismus   MeSH
• malondialdehyd metabolismus   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• poranění rohovky etiologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• rohovka metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vodík farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• odvolaná publikace MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aktiny MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• hydroxid sodný MeSH
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• keratin-12 MeSH
• keratin-3 MeSH
• kyselina peroxydusitá MeSH
• malondialdehyd MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A MeSH
• vodík MeSH

Oxidative stress induced by zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVIs) was used to improve lipid accumulation in various oleaginous and non-oleginous yeasts-Candida sp., Kluyveromyces polysporus, Rhodotorula glutinis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulospora delbrueckii, Trichosporon cutaneum, and Yarrowia lipolytica. The highest lipid yields occurred at 9-13 mg/L nZVIs. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the fatty acids. It showed an increasing abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially essential linoleic acid, in the presence of nZVIs. Our results suggest that nZVIs can be used to improve not only lipid production by oleaginous microorganisms but also the nutritional value of biosynthesized unsaturated fatty acids.

• MeSH
• cytosol chemie   MeSH
• kvasinky účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů * MeSH
• nanočástice metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres * MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• železo metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• železo MeSH