Milk is a complex physiological liquid that simultaneously provides nutrients and bioactive components that facilitate the successful postnatal adaptation of the newborn infant by stimulating cellular growth and digestive maturation, the establishment of symbiotic microflora, and the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues. The number, the potency, and the importance of bioactive compounds in milk and especially in fermented milk products are probably greater than previously thought. They include certain vitamins, specific proteins, bioactive peptides, oligosaccharides, organic (including fatty) acids. Some of them are normal milk components, others emerge during digestive or fermentation processes. Fermented dairy products and probiotic bacteria decrease the absorption of cholesterol. Whey proteins, medium-chain fatty acids and in particular calcium and other minerals may contribute to the beneficial effect of dairy food on body fat and body mass. There has been growing evidence of the role that dairy proteins play in the regulation of satiety, food intake and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Milk proteins, peptides, probiotic lactic acid bacteria, calcium and other minerals can significantly reduce blood pressure. Milk fat contains a number of components having functional properties. Sphingolipids and their active metabolites may exert antimicrobial effects either directly or upon digestion.

• MeSH
• fermentace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko * MeSH
• mléčné výrobky * MeSH
• mléko * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• potraviny MeSH
• zdraví * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

A total of 142 human and 88 calf bifidobacteria were isolated and identified; approximately 12 % of all isolated strains exhibited auto-aggregation (Agg) phenotype (Agg+). Properties considered to be predicting for their adhesion to intestine, i.e. auto-aggregation, and hydrophobicity were determined by xylene extraction in 18 human and 8 calf origin bifidobacteria. Co-aggregation of 8 human bifidobacteria with 8 clostridia was also evaluated. Agg varied between 16.3 and 96.4 %, hydrophobicity values ranged from 0 to 82.8 %. The strongest Agg and hydrophobicity were observed in B. bifidum and B. merycicum isolates. However, there were no statistically significant correlations between these two properties. Variability in the percentage of Agg and hydrophobicity was observed after cultivation of bifidobacteria on different carbon sources. All bifidobacteria showed co-aggregation ability with clostridia tested but there were remarkable differences depending on specific combinations of strains. The bifidobacterial strains with the highest ability to co-aggregate with clostridia were B. bifidum I4 and B. longum I10 isolated from infants; these strains gave also high values of Agg. Agg properties together with co-aggregation ability with potential pathogen can be used for preliminary selection of probiotic bacteria.

• MeSH
• bakteriální adheze * MeSH
• Bifidobacterium klasifikace   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• Clostridium růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• skot MeSH
• střeva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• uhlík metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kultivační média MeSH
• uhlík MeSH

Twenty-eight exclusively breast-fed healthy infants and 16 infants also exclusively breast-fed with allergic colitis (aged 85 +/- 60 and 98 +/- 58 d, respectively) were screened for differences in fecal flora. Bifidobacteria were detected in 23 healthy infants and only in 4 fecal samples of infants with allergic colitis. All bifidobacteria-free infants possessed Gram-positive regular rods as a major group of their fecal flora. These bacteria were identified as clostridia using genus-specific FISH probe. Infants with allergy colitis possessed significantly lower counts of bifidobacteria and total anaerobes and significantly higher counts of clostridia in their feces. In healthy infants, Bifidobacterium longum was the most frequently found species (54.5% of the samples), followed by B. adolescentis (20.0), B. breve (18.2), B. bifidum (16.4), B. dentium (10.9) and B. pseudocatenulatum (1.80). Bifidobacterial isolates from two babies with allergic colitis were identified as B. longum, one child from patients group contained species B. dentium and one baby B. adolescentis. Our results suggest that there are significantly lower counts of bifidobacteria in infants with allergic colitis than in healthy infants.

• MeSH
• alergie mikrobiologie   MeSH
• anaerobní bakterie klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Bifidobacterium klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kojení MeSH
• kolitida mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
• střeva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kultivační média MeSH

The intestinal environment accommodates a wide range of contents ranging from harmless beneficial dietary and microbial flora to harmful pathogenic bacteria. This has resulted in the development of highly adapted epithelial cells lining the intestine. This adaptation involves the potential of crypt cells to proliferate and to constantly replace villous cells that are lost due to maturity or death. As a result, the normal intestinal epithelial integrity and functions are maintained. This phenomenon is eminent in intestinal defense whereby the intestinal epithelial cells serve as a physical barrier against luminal agents. The protection against agents in the gut lumen can only be effective if the epithelium is intact. Restitution of the damaged epithelium is therefore crucial in this type of defense.

• MeSH
• antibióza * MeSH
• Bacteria * růst a vývoj   patogenita   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Caco-2 buňky MeSH
• epitelové buňky imunologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální nemoci mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• probiotika * MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku metabolismus   MeSH
• střeva cytologie   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteiny tepelného šoku MeSH

DNA fingerprinting methods, RAPD with 7 random primers, and rep-PCR using both BOXA1R and (GTG)(5) ones, were used for the discrimination of 16 type and collection Bifidobacterium strains of 9 species of human origin, B. animalis ssp. animalis and B. animalis ssp. lactis and 7 Bifidobacterium strains collected in the Culture Collection of Dairy Microorganisms (CCDM). Both RAPD and rep-PCR methods provided similar results. The strains were identified as B. animalis ssp. lactis (6 strains) and B. adolescentis (1 strain). The reclassification of the collection strain CCM 3761 as B. pseudocatenulatum species (previously classified as B. adolescentis) was confirmed.

• MeSH
• Bifidobacterium klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• DNA fingerprinting metody   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• technika náhodné amplifikace polymorfní DNA metody   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH

Enterococci isolated from 28 different commercially available feeds (10-1000 CFU/mL) were identified and their probiotic potential was determined. Species identification of 22 selected strains was performed by intergenic length-polymorphism analysis (tRNA-PCR); PCR products were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis. Six strains were allotted to the species Enterococcus faecium, four to E. faecalis, one to E. hirae; the remaining strains were not classed. The strains were sensitive to vancomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline and rifampicin. They were able to adhere to human as well as canine intestinal mucus. They produced lactic acid (0.99-1.04 mmol/L) and most of them were urease-positive with sufficient survival in 5 % Oxgall-bile. They did not show any inhibitory activity due to antimicrobial substances. Plasmid DNA was detected in 8 strains, the bands responding to small molecular size (10 kbp). Considering all probiotically important properties, E. faecium strain EE3 was suggested as potential feed additive.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus chemie   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• probiotika chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• střeva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ureasa metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• ureasa MeSH

A rat animal model of left colostomy was found to significantly impair the growth curve of rats. Assessment of the intestinal flora showed that colostomy mostly affects the cecal but not colonic microflora. Generally, the number of enterococci was increased in both ileum and cecum; cecal lactobacilli also rose, accounting for a promotion of lactic acid bacteria in colostomised rats. No significant differences between colostomised, laparotomised and control rats could be observed for the translocation of intestinal bacteria to internal organs of rats (i.e. spleen, kidneys, lungs or liver), whatever their diet. Heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB administration (dead probiotic bacteria) tended to exhibit a stimulatory effect on bifidobacteria, probably affecting the culture-medium fermentation substances included in the pharmaceutical product. This effect was abolished by laparotomy and colostomy. A trend towards a probiotic-like effect, not susceptible to colostomy, was also witnessed as counts of lactobacilli tended to increase in both cecum and colon of all animals fed with L. acidophilus LB.

• MeSH
• bakteriální translokace * MeSH
• fyziologie bakterií * MeSH
• kolostomie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• Lactobacillus acidophilus metabolismus   MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• nemoci tlustého střeva mikrobiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• střeva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The ability of surfactants obtained from three Lactobacillus acidophilus strains to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms was evaluated. Their influence was determined on bacterial initial adhesion, biofilm formation and dispersal using MTT-reduction assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy and image PHLIP analysis. The number of adhering S. aureus and S. epidermidis cells after a 3-h co-incubation with biosurfactants was reduced by 5-56 % in a strain-and dose-dependent manner. S. epidermidis-and, to a lower extent, in S. aureus-biofilm formation was also inhibited in the presence of the tested surfactants. The addition of surfactants to preformed mature biofilms accelerated their dispersal, and changed the parameters of biofilm morphology. The L. acidophilus-derived surfactants inhibit bacterial deposition rate and biofilm development (and also its maturation) without affecting cell growth probably due to the influence on the cell-surface hydrophobicity of staphylococci.

• MeSH
• bakteriální adheze účinky léků   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Lactobacillus acidophilus metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• povrchově aktivní látky MeSH

Twelve lactobacilli isolates from mucosa of 3-5-week-old weaned pigs were found to exert good antimicrobial activity against common porcine pathogens (S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, C. perfringens). Two of them produced in addition to lactic acid also considerable amounts of acetic acid, and 6 of them produced hydrogen peroxide and metabolites other than organic acids. Isolates 4/26 and 2/25 (identified as L. crispatus or L. amylovorus) were inhibitory against most strains of S. aureus, B. cereus and E. coli, and especially the strain 4/26 survived well in simulated gastric and intestinal juice. Diarrhea-causing E. coli O8K88H9 Ent(+) was successfully inhibited by the growing culture as well as by the catalase-treated and neutralized supernatant of L. reuteri 12/26. Mucin degradation and multiple resistance to antibiotics were not observed.

• MeSH
• antibiotická rezistence MeSH
• Bacillus cereus účinky léků   MeSH
• Clostridium perfringens účinky léků   MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ileum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kultivační média speciální farmakologie   MeSH
• kultivační média chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná farmakologie   MeSH
• Lactobacillus účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• muciny metabolismus   MeSH
• nemoci prasat prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• odstavení MeSH
• peroxid vodíku metabolismus   MeSH
• přirozená imunita MeSH
• probiotika MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   MeSH
• střevní sliznice mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Sus scrofa mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kultivační média speciální MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• muciny MeSH
• peroxid vodíku MeSH

Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans strain Mz5(T), an anaerobic bacterium (originating from the rumen of a Holstein-Friesian cow), has some attributes that make it a possible probiotic strain (very active hydrolases, bacteriocin and conjugated linoleic acid production). For the estimation of its adhesion ability, the adhesion test on Caco-2 cells was introduced and adapted. The adhesion was performed in an anaerobic glove box in standard 24-well plates at neutral pH for 30 min. The best method for separation of the adhered bacteria from Caco-2 cells appeared to be homogenization with an automatic pipette. The number of adhered bacteria was too small to be determined microscopically, so a new approach, i.e. detection of the apparent lag phase in liquid growth medium was tested. Under the selected assay conditions 1.04 bacterial cells from the late exponential phase adhered to one Caco-2 cell, which confirms the adhesion capability of P. xylanivorans Mz5(T). The adapted adhesion test using Caco-2 cells is suitable for estimation of adhesion capability of anaerobic bacteria.

• MeSH
• bakteriální adheze fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčné kultury MeSH
• Butyrivibrio cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Caco-2 buňky mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kyslík metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• probiotika MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyslík MeSH