Caffeic acid belongs to the polyphenol compounds we consume daily, often in the form of coffee. Even though it is less explored than caffeic acid phenethyl ester, it still has many positive effects on human health. Caffeic acid can affect cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, or bacterial and viral infections. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of how caffeic acid achieves its effects.

• Klíčová slova
• Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, caffeic acid, cancer, diabetes, obesity,
• MeSH
• fenethylalkohol * farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny kávové * farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• caffeic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• fenethylalkohol * MeSH
• kyseliny kávové * MeSH

This article describes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme involved in parasympathetic neurotransmission, its activity, and how its inhibition can be pharmacologically useful for treating dementia, caused by Alzheimer's disease, or as a warfare method due to the action of nerve agents. The chemical concepts related to the irreversible inhibition of AChE, its reactivation, and aging are discussed, along with a relationship to the current international legislation on chemical weapons.

• Klíčová slova
• Alzheimer’s disease, Chemical Weapons Convention, acetylcholinesterase, nerve agents,
• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa * metabolismus   MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * farmakoterapie   enzymologie   MeSH
• chemická válka zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory terapeutické užití   MeSH
• GPI-vázané proteiny antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nervová bojová látka * MeSH
• stárnutí metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylcholinesterasa * MeSH
• ACHE protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• GPI-vázané proteiny MeSH
• nervová bojová látka * MeSH

The use of a cell phone as a detection system is easy, simple and does not require trained personnel, which is in contrast to standard laboratory instruments. This paper deals with immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in a gelatin matrix, and phenol red, as an indicator of AChE activity, is used in order to establish a method that is easily compatible with a camera device. AChE splits acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid, which changes the pH of a medium, resulting in a phenol red color change. The coloration changed in presence of an AChE inhibitor. Measurements were performed on 3D-printed, tube-shaped holder, and digital photography, with subsequent analysis of red-green-blue (RGB), served for assay purposes. Calibration of AChE inhibitors, tacrine and galantamine, was performed, with limit of detection equal to 1.1 nM and 1.28 µM, respectively. Interferences were also measured, resulting in a proof-of-method stability. The method was further successfully validated for the standard Ellman's assay, and verified on murine plasma samples spiked with inhibitors.

• Klíčová slova
• acetylcholinesterase, biosensor, colorimetry, drop assay, inhibitor, phenol red, smart phone,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Smartphones are popular devices frequently equipped with sensitive sensors and great computational ability. Despite the widespread availability of smartphones, practical uses in analytical chemistry are limited, though some papers have proposed promising applications. In the present paper, a smartphone is used as a tool for the determination of cholinesterasemia i.e., the determination of a biochemical marker butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The work should demonstrate suitability of a smartphone-integrated camera for analytical purposes. Paper strips soaked with indoxylacetate were used for the determination of BChE activity, while the standard Ellman's assay was used as a reference measurement. In the smartphone-based assay, BChE converted indoxylacetate to indigo blue and coloration was photographed using the phone's integrated camera. A RGB color model was analyzed and color values for the individual color channels were determined. The assay was verified using plasma samples and samples containing pure BChE, and validated using Ellmans's assay. The smartphone assay was proved to be reliable and applicable for routine diagnoses where BChE serves as a marker (liver function tests; some poisonings, etc.). It can be concluded that the assay is expected to be of practical applicability because of the results' relevance.

• Klíčová slova
• CMYK, RGB, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, colorimetry, diagnosis, digital photography, imagination, mobile phone, naked eye detection, photography, photometry,
• MeSH
• butyrylcholinesterasa metabolismus   MeSH
• butyrylthiocholin analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• chytrý telefon * MeSH
• enzymatické testy přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• fotografování přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• kolorimetrie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• mobilní aplikace MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• butyrylcholinesterasa MeSH
• butyrylthiocholin MeSH