Compounds isolated from botanical sources represent innovative and promising alternatives to conventional insecticides. Carlina oxide is a compound isolated from Carlina acaulis L. (Asteraceae) essential oil (EO) with great potential as bioinsecticide, being effective on various arthropod vectors and agricultural pests, with moderate toxicity on non-target species. Since the production from the wild source is limited, there is the need of exploring new synthetic routes for obtaining this compound and analogues with improved bioactivity and lower toxicity. Herein, the chemical synthesis of carlina oxide analogues was developed. Their insecticidal activity was assessed on the vectors Musca domestica L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated on a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The compounds' activity was compared with that of the natural counterparts EO and carlina oxide. In housefly tests, the analogues were comparably effective to purified carlina oxide. In Cx. quinquefasciatus assays, the meta-chloro analogue provided a significantly higher efficacy (LC50 of 0.71 μg mL-1) than the EO and carlina oxide (LC50 1.21 and 1.31 μg mL-1, respectively) and a better safety profile than carlina oxide on keratinocytes. Overall, this study can open the way to an agrochemical production of carlina oxide analogues employable as nature-inspired insecticides.

• MeSH
• Asteraceae * chemie   MeSH
• Culex * MeSH
• insekticidy * farmakologie   MeSH
• komáří přenašeči MeSH
• larva MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oleje prchavé * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• carlina oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• insekticidy * MeSH
• oleje prchavé * MeSH

Ticks are important human and animal parasites and vectors of many infectious disease agents. Control of tick activity is an effective tool to reduce the risk of contracting tick-transmitted diseases. The castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus) is the most common tick species in Europe. It is also a vector of the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis, which are two of the most important arthropod-borne diseases in Europe. In recent years, increases in tick activity and incidence of tick-borne diseases have been observed in many European countries. These increases are linked to many ecological and anthropogenic factors such as landscape management, climate change, animal migration, and increased popularity of outdoor activities or changes in land usage. Tick activity is driven by many biotic and abiotic factors, some of which can be effectively managed to decrease risk of tick bites. In the USA, recommendations for landscape management, tick host control, and tick chemical control are well-defined for the applied purpose of reducing tick presence on private property. In Europe, where fewer studies have assessed tick management strategies, the similarity in ecological factors influencing vector presence suggests that approaches that work in USA may also be applicable. In this article we review key factors driving the tick exposure risk in Europe to select those most conducive to management for decreased tick-associated risk.

• Klíčová slova
• Ixodes ricinus, tick, tick management, tick-borne diseases,
• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• klíště * patogenita   MeSH
• klíšťová encefalitida * terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymeská nemoc * terapie   MeSH
• nemoci přenášené klíšťaty * terapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Developing effective and eco-friendly antiparasitic drugs and insecticides is an issue of high importance nowadays. In this study, we evaluated the anthelminthic and insecticidal potential of the leaf essential oil obtained from Origanum syriacum against the L3 larvae of the parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex and larvae and adults of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Tests on A. simplex were performed by standard larvicidal and penetration assays, while mosquito toxicity was assessed relying on larvicidal, tarsal contact, and fumigation tests. To shed light on the possible mode of action, we analyzed the oil impact as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. This oil was particularly active on L3 larvae of A. simplex, showing a LC50 of 0.087 and 0.067 mg mL-1 after 24 and 48 h treatment, respectively. O. syriacum essential oil was highly effective on both larvae and adults of C. quinquefasciatus, showing LC50 values of 32.4 mg L-1 and 28.1 µg cm-2, respectively. Its main constituent, carvacrol, achieved larvicidal LC50(90) of 29.5 and 39.2 mg L-1, while contact toxicity assays on adults had an LC50(90) of 25.5 and 35.8 µg cm-2, respectively. In fumigation assays, the LC50 was 12.1 µL L-1 after 1 h and decreased to 1.3 µL L-1 in 24 h of exposure. Similarly, the fumigation LC50 of carvacrol was 8.2 µL L-1 after 1 h of exposure, strongly decreasing to 0.8 µL L-1 after 24 h of exposure. These results support the folk usage of Lebanese oregano as an antiparasitic agent, providing new insights about its utilization for developing new effective and eco-friendly nematocidal and insecticidal products.

• Klíčová slova
• anisakiasis, contact toxicity, enzyme inhibition, fumigation toxicity, larvicide, mosquito control, penetration assay,
• MeSH
• Anisakis účinky léků   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Culex účinky léků   MeSH
• cymeny farmakologie   MeSH
• dobromysl (rod) chemie   MeSH
• komáří přenašeči účinky léků   MeSH
• larva účinky léků   MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• oleje prchavé chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• carvacrol MeSH Prohlížeč
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• cymeny MeSH
• oleje prchavé MeSH
• oleje rostlin MeSH

Climatic changes, landscape management, massive human, animal and commodity transportation represent important factors which are contributing to the spread of zoonotic diseases. The environmental and socioeconomic factors affecting the incidence of vector-borne zoonoses and possibilities for the reduction of disease impacts are discussed in the article. The most important zoonoses with expanding area of incidence and/or increasing occurrence are summarized, with special emphasis on the European region. While some diseases and their respective pathogens are indigenous to Europe (e.g. Lyme disease), others have been introduced to Europe from tropical areas (e.g. chikungunya or dengue fever). These emerging diseases may represent a serious threat in near future and better understanding of their spreading mechanisms, pathogenesis and consequent treatment is very important.

• Klíčová slova
• Outbreak, climatic changes, disease, host, immunity, pathogen, zoonotic,
• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• hmyz - vektory růst a vývoj   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• objevující se infekční nemoci epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• zoonózy epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

The rapid spread of highly aggressive arboviruses, parasites, and bacteria along with the development of resistance in the pathogens and parasites, as well as in their arthropod vectors, represents a huge challenge in modern parasitology and tropical medicine. Eco-friendly vector control programs are crucial to fight, besides malaria, the spread of dengue, West Nile, chikungunya, and Zika virus, as well as other arboviruses such as St. Louis encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis. However, research efforts on the control of mosquito vectors are experiencing a serious lack of eco-friendly and highly effective pesticides, as well as the limited success of most biocontrol tools currently applied. Most importantly, a cooperative interface between the two disciplines is still lacking. To face this challenge, we have reviewed a wide number of promising results in the field of green-fabricated pesticides tested against mosquito vectors, outlining several examples of synergy with classic biological control tools. The non-target effects of green-fabricated nanopesticides, including acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and impact on behavioral traits of mosquito predators, have been critically discussed. In the final section, we have identified several key challenges at the interface between "green" nanotechnology and classic biological control, which deserve further research attention.

• Klíčová slova
• Arbovirus, Biosafety, Dengue, Genotoxicity, Japanese encephalitis, Malaria, Nanosynthesis, West Nile virus, Zika virus,
• MeSH
• dengue MeSH
• hmyz - vektory účinky léků   MeSH
• infekce virem zika mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malárie MeSH
• moskyti - kontrola * metody   MeSH
• One Health MeSH
• virus zika MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Amaranthaceae) and Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. f. ex Benth. (Rutaceae) are two aromatic species traditionally used in Cameroon to repel and kill insects. The present work was carried out to substantiate this traditional use and to evaluate the possible incorporation in commercial botanical insecticides of their essential oils (EOs). The EOs were distilled from leaves of C. anisata and aerial parts of D. ambrosioides and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The insecticidal activity of both EOs was investigated against the filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, and the housefly, Musca domestica. As possible mode of action, the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by the two EOs was investigated as well. The D. ambrosioides EO was characterized by the monoterpene peroxide ascaridole (61.4%) and the aromatic p-cymene (29.0%), whereas the C. anisata EO was dominated by the phenylpropanoids (E)-anethole (64.6%) and (E)-methyl isoeugenol (16.1%). The C. anisata EO proved to be very toxic to third instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus showing LC50 of 29.3 μl/l, whereas D. ambrosioides EO was more toxic to adults of M. domestica showing a LD50 of 51.7 μg/adult. The mixture of both EOs showed a significant synergistic effect against mosquito larvae with LC50 estimated as 19.3 μl/l, whereas this phenomenon was not observed upon application to M. domestica adults (LD50 = 75.9 μg/adult). Of the two EOs, the D. ambrosioides one provided a good inhibition of AChE (IC50 = 77 μg/ml), whereas C. anisata oil was not effective. These findings provide new evidences supporting the ethno-botanical use of these two Cameroonian plants, and their possible application even in synergistic binary blends, to develop new eco-friendly, safe and effective herbal insecticides.

• Klíčová slova
• Clausena anisata, Culex quinquefasciatus, Dysphania ambrosioides, Ethno-botanical pesticides, Musca domestica, St. Louis encephalitis,
• MeSH
• Clausena chemie   MeSH
• Culex účinky léků   MeSH
• insekticidy analýza   MeSH
• komáří přenašeči MeSH
• larva účinky léků   MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem MeSH
• monoterpeny chemie   MeSH
• moucha domácí účinky léků   MeSH
• oleje prchavé chemie   MeSH
• peroxidy chemie   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kamerun MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ascaridole MeSH Prohlížeč
• insekticidy MeSH
• monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem MeSH
• monoterpeny MeSH
• oleje prchavé MeSH
• peroxidy MeSH

In the attempt to exploit the potential of the monoecious fiber hemp cv. Futura 75 in new fields besides textile, cosmetics and food industry, its crop-residue given by leaves and inflorescences was subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain the essential oils. These are niche products representing an ideal candidate for the development of natural insecticides for the control and management of mosquito vectors, houseflies and moth pests. After GC-MS analysis highlighting a safe and legal chemical profile (THC in the range 0.004-0.012% dw), the leaf and inflorescence essential oils were investigated for the insecticidal potential against three insect targets: the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Spodoptera littoralis and the adults of Musca domestica. The essential oil from inflorescences, showing (E)-caryophyllene (21.4%), myrcene (11.3%), cannabidiol (CBD, 11.1%), α-pinene (7.8%), terpinolene (7.6%), and α-humulene (7.1%) as the main components, was more effective than leaf oil against these insects, with LD50 values of 65.8 μg/larva on S. littoralis, 122.1 μg/adult on M. domestica, and LC50 of 124.5 μl/l on C. quinquefasciatus larvae. The hemp essential oil moderately inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is a target enzyme in pesticide science. Overall, these results shed light on the future application of fiber hemp crop-residue for the development of effective, eco-friendly and sustainable insecticides.

• Klíčová slova
• Cannabis sativa, Crop residue, Culex quinquefasciatus, Essential oil, Musca domestica, Spodoptera littoralis,
• MeSH
• acyklické monoterpeny MeSH
• alkeny chemie   MeSH
• bicyklické monoterpeny MeSH
• Cannabis chemie   MeSH
• Culex účinky léků   MeSH
• insekticidy chemie   MeSH
• larva účinky léků   MeSH
• monocyklické seskviterpeny MeSH
• monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem MeSH
• monoterpeny chemie   MeSH
• moucha domácí chemie   MeSH
• odpadní produkty MeSH
• oleje prchavé chemie   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• polycyklické seskviterpeny MeSH
• seskviterpeny chemie   MeSH
• Spodoptera účinky léků   MeSH
• terpeny chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acyklické monoterpeny MeSH
• alkeny MeSH
• alpha-pinene MeSH Prohlížeč
• bicyklické monoterpeny MeSH
• caryophyllene MeSH Prohlížeč
• humulene MeSH Prohlížeč
• insekticidy MeSH
• monocyklické seskviterpeny MeSH
• monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem MeSH
• monoterpeny MeSH
• myrcene MeSH Prohlížeč
• odpadní produkty MeSH
• oleje prchavé MeSH
• polycyklické seskviterpeny MeSH
• seskviterpeny MeSH
• terpeny MeSH
• terpinolene MeSH Prohlížeč