Intranasal immunization of guinea pigs with inactivated type B influenza virus plus inactivated Bacillus firmus as an adjuvant compared to the virus alone yields higher titers of serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies and virus-neutralizing antibodies. This phenomenon could be useful in standard serology, especially in the preparation of immune sera against highly pathogenic strains for in vitro diagnosis.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
• Bacillus imunologie   MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• protilátky virové analýza   MeSH
• sérologické testy metody   MeSH
• vakcinace metody   MeSH
• vakcíny proti chřipce imunologie   MeSH
• virus chřipky B imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• vakcíny proti chřipce MeSH

The effect of nonpathogenic G+ bacterium B. firmus (BF) on stimulation of mouse peritoneal cells in vitro was evaluated by testing nitric-oxide-synthesis induction and cytokine formation. The reactivity was compared of peritoneal cells from two inbred mouse strains, C57B1/6 and BALB/c, which differ in their immunological reactivity. Peritoneal macrophages from C57B1/6 produced more nitric oxide after a 1-d cultivation with inactivated BF than those of BALB/c mice. In both strains, production can be further increased by adding exogenous IFN-gamma to the culture. There were no significant differences between peritoneal cells of these two mouse strains in cytokine production after optimal in vitro stimulation with BF. BF effectively activated peritoneal cells for the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-10, delipidated bacterium (DBF) being more efficient than BF in induction of IL-10 and TNF-alpha. On the other hand, BF had only small effect on IFN-gamma production and no detectable effect on IL-12 production. Macrophage activation by BF/DBF can represent one of the mechanisms responsible for previously described immunomodulatory activity of BF.

• MeSH
• aktivace makrofágů * MeSH
• Bacillus imunologie   MeSH
• buněčné kultury metody   MeSH
• cytokiny imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy farmakologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• organické látky farmakologie   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý metabolismus   MeSH
• peritoneální dutina cytologie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• Nocardia delipidated cell mitogen MeSH Prohlížeč
• organické látky MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH

Inactivated Bacillus firmus (BF), G+ nonpathogenic bacterium of the external environment, was coupled to ovalbumin (OVA) and used in immunization experiments as antigen carrier. Balb/c mice were immunized thrice intra-tracheally and intra-nasally with conjugates of OVA and BF. Surprisingly, administration of OVA-BF conjugates inhibited anti-OVA IgG response in both sera and mucosal secretions if compared to an exposure to OVA alone. The suppression of antigen-specific antibody production was accompanied by promotion of TH1 phenotype.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
• antigeny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• aplikace intranazální MeSH
• Bacillus imunologie   MeSH
• imunizace MeSH
• imunoglobulin G biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nosiče léků MeSH
• ovalbumin aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• slizniční imunita MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Th1 buňky imunologie   MeSH
• trachea MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• nosiče léků MeSH
• ovalbumin MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH

Bacillus firmus (a Gram-positive nonpathogenic and harmless bacterium), was shown to be a strong polyclonal activator of mouse B lymphocytes as estimated by ELISA testing of Ig concentrations in culture supernatants after incubation of BALB/c mouse splenocytes with inactivated bacillus. Synthesis of all main Ig classes and all IgG subclasses was stimulated in vitro, the considerable effect on IgA formation being the most interesting feature. B cell stimulation was T cell dependent, as was demonstrated by the effect of B. firmus on all Ig isotypes and by comparison of lymphocyte response of nu/nu mice and heterozygous nu/+ mice. The effect of B. firmus on splenocyte proliferation was stimulatory or suppressive depending on the dose of the bacterium. Increased synthesis of IFN-gamma and IL-10 (detected by ELISA in splenocyte culture supernatants) showed probable stimulation of Th1 and Th2 subpopulations. Considering the stimulatory effect on IgA formation and macrophage stimulation, B. firmus seems to be a prospective mucosal adjuvant and/or probiotic.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů * účinky léků   MeSH
• B-lymfocyty účinky léků   imunologie   MeSH
• Bacillus chemie   imunologie   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• imunoglobulin G biosyntéza   účinky léků   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální biosyntéza   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH

A nonpathogenic bacterium of external environment possessing remarkable immunomodulatory activity, Bacillus firmus (BF) inactivated with formaldehyde, was given intragastrically to two genetically different mouse strains BALB/c (H-2d) and B10.BR/SnPh (B10.BR, H-2k) reared in conventional (CV) and B10.BR strain also in germ-free (GF) conditions. Repeated intragastric administration of BF (500 micrograms every other day over two weeks, starting at the age of 3 months) significantly enhanced intestinal IgA levels in CV BALB/c mice but did not affect intestinal IgA in CV B10.BR mice. In GF B10.BR mice, IgG levels in sera and intestinal washings increased after BF administration compared to CV B10.BR mice. In CV BALB/c mice, specific activity of enterocyte brush-border enzymes (lactase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase) decreased after BF treatment; sucrase (sucrose alpha-glucosidase) activity was not affected. On the other hand, in B10.BR mice, specific activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV were higher after administration of BF in both CV and GF groups relative to untreated controls. The activities of lactase and glucoamylase (glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase) were significantly stimulated only in the group of GF B10.BR mice treated with formolized BF. The stimulation of immunoglobulin production after BF treatment was accompanied by changes in the levels of enterocyte brush-border enzymes; this responsiveness to BF treatment was genetically regulated.

• MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Bacillus imunologie   MeSH
• beta-galaktosidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• dipeptidylpeptidasa 4 metabolismus   MeSH
• enterocyty enzymologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• glukoamylasa metabolismus   MeSH
• gnotobiologické modely MeSH
• imunoglobulin A biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• laktasa MeSH
• mikroklky enzymologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• sacharasa metabolismus   MeSH
• střeva enzymologie   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• střevní sliznice enzymologie   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkalická fosfatasa MeSH
• beta-galaktosidasa MeSH
• dipeptidylpeptidasa 4 MeSH
• glukoamylasa MeSH
• imunoglobulin A MeSH
• laktasa MeSH
• sacharasa MeSH

3-day-old miniature piglets were stimulated in vivo with Bacillus firmus by the intraperitoneal or intragastric route for 1 d. Cells containing IgA and IgG2 were detected in the ileum in all stimulated but not in control animals. The frequency of blood CD3+ cells increased after intraperitoneal administration of B. firmus, the ratio of polymorphonuclears to lymphocytes increased in all stimulated piglets. B. firmus induced antitumor immunity in rats with transplanted Yoshida sarcoma cells. Granular lymphocytes and dead tumor cells were found in peritoneal exudate of stimulated animals. B. firmus induced IFN-gamma synthesis in human blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro for 1 d. The amount of TNF-alpha produced by these stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclears (PBMC) was lower than that of PBMC stimulated with some other bacterial immunomodulators. Cells containing TGF-beta or IL-8 were not found in human PBMC stimulated with B. firmus.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Bacillus imunologie   MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• gastrointestinální intubace MeSH
• ileum imunologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin A biosyntéza   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G biosyntéza   MeSH
• imunoterapie * MeSH
• injekce intraperitoneální MeSH
• interferon gama biosyntéza   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• leukocyty mononukleární účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• miniaturní prasata MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• sarkom Yoshidův terapie   MeSH
• TNF-alfa biosyntéza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny MeSH
• imunoglobulin A MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• interferon gama MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH

Bacillus firmus strongly stimulates Ig synthesis in the cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. As apparent from the character of Ig formation and blastic transformation, the stimulation has features of a polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes without substantial participation of T lymphocytes. B firmus is a strong B cell polyclonal activator even for human cord blood lymphocytes. The most striking feature is the strong stimulation of IgA synthesis in both adult and cord blood lymphocytes. Several crude fractions were isolated from B. firmus. None of them exhibited any remarkable enhancement of activity but the cytoplasmic fraction P-40 was clearly more potent than the intact bacilli. On the other hand, cell wall peptidoglycan, a well known polyclonal activator of B cells, had a much lower activity than whole bacteria. The effect of B. firmus on the stimulation of Ig formation is thus relatively complex; it is not caused mainly by peptidoglycan but rather by some cytoplasmic constituents of the bacterium.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů * MeSH
• B-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• Bacillus imunologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fetální krev cytologie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• peptidoglykan farmakologie   MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální biosyntéza   MeSH
• stárnutí imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• peptidoglykan MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH

Bacillus firmus is a Gram-positive, aerobic, sporulating, nonpathogenic air contaminant which, according to earlier findings, is a strong polyclonal activator of B lymphocytes. The crude lipids of this microbe induced significant resistance of mice against listerial infection. The administration of bacterin, like that of crude lipids obtained by the extraction of cell suspension with chloroform-methanol to rats, strain AVN Wistar, transplanted later with Yoshida sarcoma, significantly prolonged the survival of the animals in comparison with the control group. At the same time the number of granular lymphocytes was increased. The destruction of tumor cells in the peritoneal exudate of immunostimulated rats was also determined.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická terapeutické užití   MeSH
• aktivní imunoterapie * MeSH
• B-lymfocyty účinky léků   imunologie   MeSH
• Bacillus chemie   imunologie   MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny imunologie   izolace a purifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lipidy imunologie   izolace a purifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• počet lymfocytů MeSH
• podskupiny lymfocytů imunologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• sarkom Yoshidův patologie   terapie   MeSH
• transplantace nádorů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny MeSH
• lipidy MeSH