Significant advancements have been achieved in delineating the progress of the Global PROMS (PROMS) Initiative. The PROMS Initiative, a collaborative endeavor by the European Charcot Foundation and the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation, strives to amplify the influence of patient input on MS care and establish a cohesive perspective on Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) for diverse stakeholders. This initiative has established an expansive, participatory governance framework launching four dedicated working groups that have made substantive contributions to research, clinical management, eHealth, and healthcare system reform. The initiative prioritizes the global integration of patient (For the purposes of the Global PROMS Initiative, the term "patient" refers to the people with the disease (aka People with Multiple Sclerosis - pwMS): any individual with lived experience of the disease. People affected by the disease/Multiple Sclerosis: any individual or group that is affected by the disease: E.g., family members, caregivers will be also engaged as the other stakeholders in the initiative). insights into the management of MS care. It merges subjective PROs with objective clinical metrics, thereby addressing the complex variability of disease presentation and progression. Following the completion of its second phase, the initiative aims to help increasing the uptake of eHealth tools and passive PROs within research and clinical settings, affirming its unwavering dedication to the progressive refinement of MS care. Looking forward, the initiative is poised to continue enhancing global surveys, rethinking to the relevant statistical approaches in clinical trials, and cultivating a unified stance among 'industry', regulatory bodies and health policy making regarding the application of PROs in MS healthcare strategies.

• Klíčová slova
• digital health, multiple sclerosis progression, patient engagement, patient reported outcomes, personalized medicine,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) management in individuals aged 55 and above presents unique challenges due to the complex interaction between aging, comorbidities, immunosenescence, and MS pathophysiology. This comprehensive review explores the evolving landscape of MS in older adults, including the increased incidence and prevalence of MS in this age group, the shift in disease phenotypes from relapsing-remitting to progressive forms, and the presence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. We aim to provide an updated review of the available evidence of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) in older patients, including the efficacy and safety of existing therapies, emerging treatments such as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTKs) inhibitors and those targeting remyelination and neuroprotection, and the critical decisions surrounding the initiation, de-escalation, and discontinuation of DMTs. Non-pharmacologic approaches, including physical therapy, neuromodulation therapies, cognitive rehabilitation, and psychotherapy, are also examined for their role in holistic care. The importance of MS Care Units and advance care planning are explored as a cornerstone in providing patient-centric care, ensuring alignment with patient preferences in the disease trajectory. Finally, the review emphasizes the need for personalized management and continuous monitoring of MS patients, alongside advocating for inclusive study designs in clinical research to improve the management of this growing patient demographic.

• Klíčová slova
• aging, disease-modifying treatments, management, multiple sclerosis, symptomatic treatment,
• MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management nemoci MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * terapie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí imunologie   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Disease-modifying therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis reduce relapse rates by suppressing peripheral immune cells but have limited efficacy in progressive forms of the disease where cells in the central nervous system play a critical role. To our knowledge, alemtuzumab, fumarates (dimethyl, diroximel, and monomethyl), glatiramer acetates, interferons, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and teriflunomide are either limited to the periphery or insufficiently studied to confirm direct central nervous system effects in participants with multiple sclerosis. In contrast, cladribine and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators (fingolimod, ozanimod, ponesimod, and siponimod) are central nervous system-penetrant and could have beneficial direct central nervous system properties.

• Klíčová slova
• central nervous system, cladribine, fingolimod hydrochloride, multiple sclerosis, ozanimod, ponesimod, siponimod, sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor modulators,
• MeSH
• imunosupresiva MeSH
• kladribin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci centrálního nervového systému * MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunosupresiva MeSH
• kladribin MeSH

Standardized pharmacological response tests are important and established diagnostic tools in the field of neurology. However, regarding therapeutic responses to intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) in CIDP, neither a definition of therapeutic response has been established, nor a response test has been suggested so far. Here we suggest a practical clinical approach which is supported by current literature in the field. An established standardized IVIg response test could avoid prolonged therapy without benefit for the patient and ensure a timely therapy switch or treatment escalation if required. This approach would also be advantageous due to the global scarcity of plasma derivatives as a human resource and could be the foundation to be adjusted and improved by subsequent studies.

• Klíčová slova
• CIDP, dosing, efficacy, intravenous immunoglobulin, therapy,
• MeSH
• chronická zánětlivá demyelinizační polyneuropatie * terapie   MeSH
• intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• intravenózní podání MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• intravenózní imunoglobuliny MeSH

It has been over a year since people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have been receiving vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With a negligible number of cases in which vaccination led to a relapse or new onset MS, experts around the world agree that the potential consequences of COVID-19 in pwMS by far outweigh the risks of vaccination. This article reviews the currently available types of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the immune responses they elicit in pwMS treated with different DMTs. Findings to date highlight the importance of vaccine timing in relation to DMT dosing to maximize protection, and of encouraging pwMS to get booster doses when offered.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, adverse events, disease modifying therapies, immune response, multiple sclerosis, vaccines,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH

The clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly variable among patients, thus creating important challenges for the neurologist to appropriately treat and monitor patient progress. Despite some patients having apparently similar symptom severity at MS disease onset, their prognoses may differ greatly. To this end, we believe that a proactive disposition on the part of the neurologist to identify prognostic "red flags" early in the disease course can lead to much better long-term outcomes for the patient in terms of reduced disability and improved quality of life. Here, we present a prognosis tool in the form of a checklist of clinical, imaging and biomarker parameters which, based on consensus in the literature and on our own clinical experiences, we have established to be associated with poorer or improved clinical outcomes. The neurologist is encouraged to use this tool to identify the presence or absence of specific variables in individual patients at disease onset and thereby implement sufficiently effective treatment strategies that appropriately address the likely prognosis for each patient.

• Klíčová slova
• biomarkers, clinical parameters, evoked potentials, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multiple sclerosis, optical coherence tomography, prognosis, treatment,
• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• age, disease modifying therapies, immunosenescence, inflammaging, multiple sclerosis,
• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly disabling, progressive neurodegenerative disease with no curative treatment available. Although significant progress has been made in understanding how MS develops, there remain aspects of disease pathogenesis that are yet to be fully elucidated. In this regard, studies have shown that dysfunctional adenosinergic signaling plays a pivotal role, as patients with MS have altered levels adenosine (ADO), adenosine receptors and proteins involved in the generation and termination of ADO signaling, such as CD39 and adenosine deaminase (ADA). We have therefore performed a literature review regarding the involvement of the adenosinergic system in the development of MS and propose mechanisms by which the modulation of this system can support drug development and repurposing.

• Klíčová slova
• adenosine, adenosine receptors, adenosinergic signaling, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), multiple sclerosis (MS), therapies,
• MeSH
• adenosin imunologie   MeSH
• adenosindeaminasa imunologie   MeSH
• apyrasa imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurodegenerativní nemoci * etiologie   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• purinergní receptory P1 * imunologie   MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * etiologie   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ADA protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• adenosin MeSH
• adenosindeaminasa MeSH
• apyrasa MeSH
• ENTPD1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• purinergní receptory P1 * MeSH