Rare-earth elements (REEs) are critical materials in modern industry, but their production has a significant environmental footprint. Environmentally friendly separation methods would enable efficient, sustainable recycling of REEs. This work introduces a class of cyclen-based macrocyclic chelators that induce significant differences in solubility for REE chelates, enabling their selective precipitation from pH-neutral aqueous solution. The process was refined using simple coordinating additives (e.g., acetate) to form ternary coordination compounds to fine-tune these chelate solubilities. Conditions were optimized for the REEs found in NdFeB magnets, allowing separations of even adjacent lanthanides by repeated precipitations. Separation factors comparable to those of industrial solvent extraction methods were achieved without organic solvents. Analysis of NdFeB magnets from current electric car motors revealed an unexpected presence of holmium as a supplement and/or replacement for terbium and dysprosium, suggesting shifting industrial trends with implications for future recycling efforts. In a case study, one such automotive magnet was processed to obtain a 99.7% pure neodymium product. Scalable, tunable, and entirely aqueous, this approach advances the sustainable use of REEs toward a circular economy.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. Despite years of research and improvements in chemotherapy regimens, the 5-year survival rate of PDAC remains dismal. Therapies for PDAC often face resistance owing in large part to an extensive desmoplastic stromal matrix. Modelling PDAC ex vivo to investigate novel therapeutics is challenging due to the complex tumour microenvironment and its heterogeneity in native tumours. Development of novel therapies is needed to improve PDAC survival rates, for which disease models that recapitulate the tumour biology are expected to bear utility. This review focuses on the existing preclinical models for human PDAC and discusses advancements in tissue remodelling to guide translational PDAC research. Further emphasis is placed on photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to the ability of this treatment modality to not only directly kill cancer cells by minimally invasive means, but also to perturb the tumour microenvironment and elicit a post-therapeutic anti-tumour immune response. Accordingly, more complex preclinical models that feature multiple biologically relevant PDAC components are needed to develop translatable PDT regimens in a preclinical setting.

• Klíčová slova
• 2-D and 3-D cell culture, cancer models, cell death, cell viability assays, chemotherapy, in vitro analysis, pancreas, patient-derived xenografts, photodynamic therapy, preclinical testing, spheroids and organoids,
• MeSH
• biomimetika * metody   MeSH
• duktální karcinom slinivky břišní * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• fotochemoterapie * metody   MeSH
• fotosenzibilizující látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí účinky léků   MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fotosenzibilizující látky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Food insecurity is one of the social determinants of health and affects dietary quality and well-being. This study aimed to examine the associations among food insecurity, sociodemographic and economic factors, and health-diet characteristics, with a particular focus on fresh fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption during the late COVID-19 pandemic in Czechia. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional survey, 'Living through the Pandemic', collected in October 2022 as part of a Czech longitudinal survey, were analysed. The study included a representative sample of Czech adults (N = 1,499, aged 20 years and above). Binary logistic regression was performed to assess associations among food insecurity, sociodemographic-economic factors and health-diet factors. Food insecurity was assessed as experiencing or worrying about a lack of food. Sociodemographic-economic factors included sex, age, education, income, number of children and home food production. Health-diet factors included BMI, limited mobility and daily fresh FV intake, defined as eating fresh FV at least once per day. Determinants of daily fresh FV intake were analysed separately. RESULTS: Over 30% of respondents (N = 486) were at risk of food insecurity. Individuals aged 20-34 years, those with lower educational attainment, and those with limited mobility were more likely to report food insecurity. Compared with the high-income category, individuals in the lowest income category had a sevenfold higher likelihood of reporting food insecurity. Food-insecure individuals had approximately twofold higher odds of not having fresh FV daily. The odds of not having fresh FV were particularly higher among younger adults (20-34 years) and males. Individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had 30% higher odds of not having daily FV, with marginal significance (p = 0.05). Educational attainment, rather than income, was a key predictor of FV consumption. Home food production contributed to better food security and higher FV consumption. CONCLUSION: In Czechia food insecurity and the limited FV intake relate to younger adults, socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, and those with limited mobility. Lower education attainment, rather than income, predicts limited consumption of FV, underscoring the long-term impact of early education on healthy eating. Given the high prevalence of overweight and obesity, inadequate FV intake presents a public health concern. Policies should aim to improve access to affordable and nutritious foods, and strengthen education on healthy eating habits to mitigate long-term health disparities.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Czechia, Food insecurity, Fruit and vegetable consumption, Home food production, Obesity, Social determinants, Sociodemographic, Socioeconomic,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• dieta * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nedostatečné zabezpečení potravinami * MeSH
• ovoce * MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• zajištění potravin * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zelenina * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) accounts for around 25% of all lung cancers1,2 and has been associated with exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke and air pollution in observational studies3-5. Here we use data from the Sherlock-Lung study to evaluate mutagenic exposures in LCINS by examining the cancer genomes of 871 treatment-naive individuals with lung cancer who had never smoked, from 28 geographical locations. KRAS mutations were 3.8 times more common in adenocarcinomas of never smokers from North America and Europe than in those from East Asia, whereas a higher prevalence of EGFR and TP53 mutations was observed in adenocarcinomas of never smokers from East Asia. Signature SBS40a, with unknown cause6, contributed the largest proportion of single base substitutions in adenocarcinomas, and was enriched in cases with EGFR mutations. Signature SBS22a, which is associated with exposure to aristolochic acid7,8, was observed almost exclusively in patients from Taiwan. Exposure to secondhand smoke was not associated with individual driver mutations or mutational signatures. By contrast, patients from regions with high levels of air pollution were more likely to have TP53 mutations and shorter telomeres. They also exhibited an increase in most types of mutations, including a 3.9-fold increase in signature SBS4, which has previously been linked with tobacco smoking9, and a 76% increase in the clock-like10 signature SBS5. A positive dose-response effect was observed with air-pollution levels, correlating with both a decrease in telomere length and an increase in somatic mutations, mainly attributed to signatures SBS4 and SBS5. Our results elucidate the diversity of mutational processes shaping the genomic landscape of lung cancer in never smokers.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Although several Cre-regulated CRISPR/Cas platforms exist, a CRISPR/Cas-controlled Cre-system remains a challenge. Here, we present a genetic switch we term SWITCHER based on a floxed wild-type Cre-construct representing a CRISPR-inducible and self-limiting kill switch. By leveraging CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated crRNA-array maturation, we showcase SWITCHER's dual role-not just as a recombinase but as a CRISPR switch, capable of orchestrating distinct Cas12a/crRNA-encoded programs.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• Cas proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• CRISPR-Cas systémy * genetika   MeSH
• editace genu * metody   MeSH
• endodeoxyribonukleasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• integrasy * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sekvence CRISPR * MeSH
• vodící RNA, systémy CRISPR-Cas genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• Cas proteiny MeSH
• Cas12a protein MeSH Prohlížeč
• Cre recombinase MeSH Prohlížeč
• endodeoxyribonukleasy MeSH
• integrasy * MeSH
• vodící RNA, systémy CRISPR-Cas MeSH

The low-temperature oxidation of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) during oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) is investigated using a combination of experimental techniques and theoretical modeling. This study explores the role of gas-phase radicals, such as n-propyl and hydroxyl radicals, in initiating the oxidation process, leading to the formation of oxygen-functionalized h-BN edges. Using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we reveal the mechanism of h-BN oxidation, including hydrogen abstraction, molecular oxygen adsorption, and nitrogen oxide desorption. Experimental results confirm that oxidation occurs only in the presence of both oxygen and propane, demonstrating a critical dependence on reactor geometry on gas-phase radical generation. The oxidation process leads to the incorporation of oxygen into h-BN, forming boron oxyhydroxide phases that influence catalytic activity. These findings provide new insights into h-BN behavior under ODHP conditions and offer guidance for optimizing boron-based catalysts for selective alkane dehydrogenation.

• Klíčová slova
• Ab initio molecular dynamics, Boron nitride, Oxidative dehydrogenation, Reaction mechanism,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Biogeographical relicts, particularly glacial relicts, are species that have survived postglacial climatic shifts in isolated refugia. In temperate Europe, such species are commonly found in high-altitude mountain ranges, including the Alps, Carpathians, and Pyrenees. While glacial relict land snails are well-documented in the Alps and Carpathians, their occurrence in the Pyrenees remains largely unexplored. In this study, we report the first records of Columella columella in the Iberian Peninsula, found in alpine rocky tundra and alkaline spring fen habitats, far south of its known distribution. Additionally, we report the first presence of Pyramidula saxatilis in Spain, a rock-dwelling species with a distinct Pyrenean haplotype, suggesting its long-term isolation. Our findings also challenge previous records of Vertigo genesii in the Pyrenees, which seem to represent Vertigo hoppii (syn. V. arctica). Furthermore, we document Vertigo alpestris for the first time in Spain, revealing a unique haplotype shared with an Icelandic population. These findings highlight the Pyrenees as a potential southern refugium for glacial relict snails and emphasize the need for further research and conservation measures to protect these highly isolated populations from habitat degradation, particularly due to overgrazing.

• Klíčová slova
• Disjunct occurrence, Distribution, Gastropoda, Genetic sequences, Glacial relict,
• MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• haplotypy MeSH
• hlemýždi * genetika   klasifikace   MeSH
• ledový příkrov MeSH
• refugium * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Španělsko MeSH

This study proposes a model to integrate the Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) method into the Analysis phase of the Six Sigma (DMAIC) method to improve product quality and optimize processing conditions during high-frequency quenching heat treatment. One of the breakthroughs of the study is the combination of Industry 4.0 technology and the implementation of Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) to improve power quality, reduce harmonic distortion (THD), ensure product hardness of 58-62 HRC, and thermal permeability of 1.8-2.2 mm according to standards. Previously, many studies only focused on improving the heat treatment process but did not fully integrate MADM, Six Sigma, and Industry 4.0 technology, nor did any study consider the combination of SAPF to control power quality during high-frequency quenching. Another gap is the lack of quantitative assessment of operator satisfaction after improvement using PLS-SEM. The study applied the Six Sigma DMAIC model combined with MADM to analyze and rank factors affecting product quality. In the improvement phase, the Taguchi method was used to optimize processing conditions, minimizing errors in the production process. At the same time, Industry 4.0 technology and RFID systems were integrated to control production conditions in real time, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the process. Power quality was improved thanks to the implementation of SAPF, helping to control harmonic distortion (THD) below 5% according to the IEEE 519:2022 standard, minimizing the negative impact of voltage on the heat treatment process. In addition, the study also applied PLS-SEM to measure operator satisfaction after implementing the improved system. The research results show that the rate of substandard products has decreased sharply from 90 to 1%, ensuring hardness of 58-62 HRC and thermal permeability of 1.8-2.2 mm. Power quality is better controlled, with the THD value reduced from more than 34% to less than 5%, meeting the IEEE 519:2022 standard. As a result, production costs are optimized, helping to minimize the waste of raw materials and energy. After implementing the improved system, operators' satisfaction levels have also increased significantly, reflected in the PLS-SEM measurement indicators. More importantly, this research model is not only effectively applied in the precision engineering industry but also has the potential to be expanded to many other industries, especially small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, helping them to increase productivity and improve product quality in the context of Industry 4.0.

• Klíčová slova
• DMAIC, MADM, Manufacturing cost, PLS-SEM, Power energy,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: Oxidized cellulose-based haemostatic agents are widely used for managing bleeding in various surgical procedures. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of oxidized cellulose powder and an endoscopic applicator across a broad spectrum of surgical settings. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicentre study involving 99 evaluable patients undergoing surgeries with varying bleeding severities and surgical approaches (open, laparoscopic, or thoracoscopic). The primary endpoint was achieving haemostasis within 3 minutes and avoiding revision surgery within 12 hours. The time to haemostasis (TTH) and complications were recorded, and statistical comparisons were made using a paired and unpaired t-test, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. Data from this study were compared to historical results from fibrillar haemostats. RESULTS: Haemostasis was achieved within 3 minutes in 61.6% (95% CI [52.0, 71.2]) of patients and within 5 minutes in 99.0% (95% CI [97.0, 100.0]) of patients. The overall mean TTH was 153.8 seconds (95% CI: 141.5-166.1), with shorter TTH observed in minimally invasive procedures using the endoscopic applicator. Subgroup analysis revealed higher success rates for patients with mild bleeding (78%) compared to moderate bleeding (50%). CONCLUSION: Oxidized cellulose powder demonstrates reliable haemostatic performance across diverse surgical applications. The endoscopic applicator enhances precision and applicability, particularly in minimally invasive settings, making it a valuable tool in modern surgical practice.

• Klíčová slova
• Traumastem, endoscopic applicator, haemostasis, haemostatic powder, oxidized cellulose,
• MeSH
• celulosa oxidovaná * aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hemostatika * aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hemostáza chirurgická * metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• krvácení při operaci * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prášky, zásypy, pudry MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• celulosa oxidovaná * MeSH
• hemostatika * MeSH
• prášky, zásypy, pudry MeSH

Apple pomace (AP) is a byproduct of juice processing, rich in nutritionally important compounds like carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and minerals. It is a potential feedstock for sugar-based biorefineries. This study explored AP physicochemical and bioactive compounds and their hydrolysis to extract fermentable sugar. Results showed that AP had a below-neutral pH, moisture, acidity, and ash. The AP contained crude fiber (27.22%), total sugar (36.75%), and reduced sugar (12.22%). The extracts contained minerals like potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, boron, and zinc. A GC-MS study analyzed the phytochemicals present in AP extracts, revealing prominent antibacterial activity. The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were found to be 1 mg/g substrate of cellulase and pectinase at 50°C and pH 5.0 at 24 h of incubation. Enzymatically hydrolyzed AP showed a high yield of reducing sugar (38.33%) compared to non-hydrolyzed AP (12.22%). The study suggests that AP, currently discarded as industrial bio-waste, is still a source of phytochemicals with significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

• Klíčová slova
• antioxidant, apple pomace, biorefinery, enzymatic hydrolysis, polyphenols,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH