Bacteriophage Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
This perspective paper follows up on earlier communications on bacteriophage therapy that we wrote as a multidisciplinary and intercontinental expert-panel when we first met at a bacteriophage conference hosted by the Eliava Institute in Tbilisi, Georgia in 2015. In the context of a society that is confronted with an ever-increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, we build on the previously made recommendations and specifically address how the Nagoya Protocol might impact the further development of bacteriophage therapy. By reviewing a number of recently conducted case studies with bacteriophages involving patients with bacterial infections that could no longer be successfully treated by regular antibiotic therapy, we again stress the urgency and significance of the development of international guidelines and frameworks that might facilitate the legal and effective application of bacteriophage therapy by physicians and the receiving patients. Additionally, we list and comment on several recently started and ongoing clinical studies, including highly desired double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. We conclude with an outlook on how recently developed DNA editing technologies are expected to further control and enhance the efficient application of bacteriophages.
- Klíčová slova
- CRISPR CAS, Nagoya Protocol, antibiotic resistance, bacteriophage therapy, bacteriophages,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Bacteriophage T4 is a virus with well-known genetics, structure, and biology. Such techniques as X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM, and three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction allowed describing its structure very precisely. The genome of this bacteriophage was completely sequenced, which opens the way for the use of many molecular techniques, such as site-specific mutagenesis, which was widely applied, e.g., in investigating the functions of some essential T4 proteins. The phage-display method, which is commonly applied in bacteriophage modifications, was successfully used to display antigens (PorA protein, VP2 protein of vvIBDV, and antigens of anthrax and HIV) on T4's capsid platform. As first studies showed, the phage-display system as well as site-specific mutagenesis may also be used to modify interactions between phage particles and mammalian cells or to obtain phages infecting species other than the host bacteria. These may be used, among others, in the constantly developing bacteriophage therapy. All manipulations of this popular bacteriophage may enable the development of vaccine technology, phage therapy, and other branches of biological and medical science.
- Klíčová slova
- BACTERIOPHAGE *, BRUCELLA *,
- MeSH
- bakteriofágy * MeSH
- Brucella * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Various processes of bacteriophage lambda development in Escherichia coli cells bearing either the whole lambda exo-xis region (with truncated, thus nonfunctional, exo and xis genes) or particular genes from this region were investigated. The presence of either the exo-xis region or the ea8.5 gene on a plasmid resulted in formation of fuzzy plaques by infecting phage. Both efficiency of plating and efficiency of lysogenization were decreased in such hosts. On the other hand, neither the efficiency of adsorption nor intracellular lytic development of the infecting phage (measured in one-step-growth experiments) was affected while significantly more host cells survived the infection, when containing the exo-xis region. Although no effects of the exo-xis region on the activity of the p (L) promoter was detected, this region contributed to a decreased transcription from the cII-stimulated promoters p (I), p (aQ) and p (E). These results, together with the results of measurement of efficiency of plating of phages bearing mutations in cI, cII and cIII genes on hosts containing the exo-xis region, strongly suggest that genes from this region (especially ea8.5) are involved in the regulation of bacteriophage lambda development at the stage of the lysis-vs.-lysogenization decision.
- MeSH
- bakteriofág lambda genetika růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- bakteriolýza MeSH
- DNA-nukleotidyltransferasy * chemie genetika MeSH
- Escherichia coli virologie MeSH
- exodeoxyribonukleasy * chemie genetika MeSH
- lyzogenie MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- plakové testy MeSH
- regulace exprese virových genů * MeSH
- virové proteiny chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA-nukleotidyltransferasy * MeSH
- excisionase MeSH Prohlížeč
- exo protein, Bacteriophage lambda MeSH Prohlížeč
- exodeoxyribonukleasy * MeSH
- virové proteiny MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- BACTERIOPHAGE *,
- MeSH
- bakteriofágy * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- BACTERIOPHAGE *,
- MeSH
- bakteriofágy * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- HOSPITALS *, STAPHYLOCOCCUS *,
- MeSH
- fagotypizace * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemocnice * MeSH
- Staphylococcus * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A method was developed for evaluating the viricidal effectiveness of chemical disinfectants. The method uses the DNA bacteriophage phi X 174 (ATCC 13706-B1), whose host is Escherichia coli C (ATCC 13706-1), as the model virus. The bacteriophage has particles of icosahedral symmetry, 26 nm in diameter, and resembles animal entero- and parvoviruses by its resistance to physicochemical factors. Disinfection effectiveness was evaluated in suspension medium and on carriers of different materials that are disinfected in practice. The Horvath-Alföldi method on plexiglass panels containing 21 dishes of 40-mm diameter and 2-mm depth was used. A volume of 0.2 ml of phage suspension or one flat carrier 25 mm X 25 mm was put per panel dish and overlaid with 3 ml of dissolved soft agar medium containing at 37 degrees C, quantitatively as VE = log (No/Nd) in suspension tests and semiquantitatively on a 0-5 scale in tests on carrier materials. The viricidal effect of disinfectant-containing washing agents was tested on textile carriers during washing in an experimental washing machine. The method can be adjusted to evaluate the viricidal effectiveness of disinfection under different environmental conditions, e.g. in sanitary, agricultural, veterinary or food-industry facilities.
- MeSH
- bakteriofág phi X 174 účinky léků MeSH
- biologické modely * MeSH
- dezinfekce metody MeSH
- dezinficiencia farmakologie MeSH
- sterilizace metody MeSH
- textilie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dezinficiencia MeSH
Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky is one of the food-borne zoonotic pathogens which is isolated in high frequency from poultry meat in the recent decades and is known for its multidrug resistance. The current study was aimed to isolate and characterize a bacteriophage against S. enterica serovar Kentucky isolate, 5925, which showed resistance to at least seven antibiotics and to study its efficiency to decontaminate S. Kentucky from chicken skin. The bacteriophage against S. enterica serovar Kentucky was isolated and was named vB_SenS_Ib_psk2 representing the place, source, and host. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage possesses isometric head and contractile tail, indicative of Siphoviridae family. Molecular detection of major capsid protein E gene yielded 511 bp, and NCBI blast analysis revealed that the phage belonged to the genus chivirus. The optimum temperature and pH for phage survival and multiplication were found to be - 20 to 42 °C and 6-10, respectively. One-step growth curve experiment of vB_SenS_Ib_psk2 revealed a latent period of 20 min and burst size of 253 phages/bacterial cell. The host susceptibility studies revealed that 83% of MDR isolates of S. enterica were susceptible to vB_SenS_Ib_psk2. Artificial spiking studies on chicken skin revealed that high multiplicity of infection (MOI) of phages of 106 pfu/mL is required for significant reduction (p ≤ 0.01) of bacterial concentration (0.14 ± 0.04) after 24-h incubation at 8 °C compared to group 1 (2.55 ± 0.89 cfu/mL).
- Klíčová slova
- Antimicrobial, Bacteriophage, Biocontrol, Chicken, Resistance, Salmonella,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- bakteriofágy * genetika MeSH
- Salmonella enterica * MeSH
- séroskupina MeSH
- Siphoviridae * genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kentucky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
The escalation of antibiotic resistance has revitalized bacteriophage (phage) therapy. Recently, phage therapy has been gradually applied in medicine, agriculture, food, and environmental fields due to its distinctive features of high efficiency, specificity, and environmental friendliness compared to antibiotics. Likewise, phage therapy also holds great promise in controlling pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. The application of phage therapy instead of antibiotics to eliminate pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Flavobacterium and to reduce fish mortality in aquaculture has been frequently reported. In this context, the present review summarizes and analyzes the current status of phage therapy in aquaculture, focusing on the key parameters of phage application, such as phage isolation, selection, dosage, and administration modes, and introducing the strategies and methods to boost efficacy and restrain the emergence of resistance. In addition, we discussed the human safety, environmental friendliness, and techno-economic practicability of phage therapy in aquaculture. Finally, this review outlines the current challenges of phage therapy application in aquaculture from the perspectives of phage resistance, phage-mediated resistance gene transfer, and effects on the host immune system.
- Klíčová slova
- Aquaculture, Efficacy, Phage resistance, Phage therapy,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- bakteriofágy * genetika MeSH
- fágová terapie * MeSH
- Vibrio * MeSH
- vodní hospodářství metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
