BACKGROUND: Climate change is a pressing environmental and social challenge that demands effective monitoring of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One widely adopted approach for this is quantifying the carbon footprint (CF). Given that agriculture is a major contributor to GHG emissions, we have developed a comprehensive framework for CF accounting at the farm level. This framework has been tested on 12 farms in the Czech Republic to assess both data availability and calculation accuracy. RESULTS: Our study examines how various farm characteristics, such as turnover, land area and number of employees, influence the overall CF and enable meaningful comparisons between farms. We found that absolute farm CFs are significantly influenced by the size effect, making them unsuitable for benchmarking purposes. By contrast, relative farm CFs (per turnover, per area and per employee) are not affected by the size effect, but can be affected by a scale effect. Additionally, we investigated whether a focus on animal husbandry leads to higher relative CFs. By calculating the share of animal husbandry (SoAH) in farm operations, we discovered a significant correlation between SoAH and relative CFs, with the strongest correlation observed for CF per turnover (0.87). CONCLUSION: We argue that farms with high shares of SoAH are unlikely to reduce their relative CFs to the levels of farms with zero or low SoAH. We therefore propose applying benchmarking to farms with similar SoAH. We also propose that further research should focus on defining and validating relevant reference values, comprising a benchmark set that reflects different farm types. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech Republic, GHG emissions, agricultural farms, benchmarking, carbon footprint (CF),
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: A number of population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models of imipenem in critically ill patients are available for dosing optimization, but they represent only a narrow range of kidney functions. This study evaluates the target attainment of on-label regimens through popPK modelling and simulation in patients across different kidney functions. METHODS: A popPK model was built based on two datasets from Switzerland (model development population, 151 patients, 322 concentrations) and externally validated on two datasets from the Czech Republic (19 patients, 111 concentrations) and Vietnam (43 patients, 85 concentrations). Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate the probability of target attainment from a MIC of 0.125 mg/L to 32 mg/L. We estimated the cumulative fraction of response against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (the epidemiological cut-off value was 4 mg/L) across a broad range of Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance values (CLCRCG 15-130 mL/min). Targets of 40% and 100%ƒT > MIC (percentage of dosing interval estimated free concentrations above MIC) were investigated. RESULTS: Decreased kidney function estimated glomerular filtration rate by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration 2021 (eGFRCKD-EPI <90 mL/min) was observed in 70 of 151 patients (46.4%) within the model development population, and in 11 of 19 (57.9%) and 24 of 43 (55.8%) patients in the Czech Republic and Vietnam, respectively. CLCRCG significantly influenced the imipenem clearance described by a two-compartment model. For probability of target attainment, all regimens achieved 40% ƒT > MIC2mg/L. With a 100%ƒT > MIC target, 500 mg q6h (CLCRCG 30-60 mL/min) could only cover an MIC of up to 1 mg/L, irrespective of infusion time. For cumulative fraction of response, no dosing regimen could cover susceptible P. aeruginosa for 100%ƒT > MIC. DISCUSSION: The highest on-label imipenem dosing regimens failed to attain 100% ƒT > MIC4mg/L in patients with decreased kidney function. Higher dosing may be necessary to cover MIC of 4 mg/L. Future trials should explore their efficacy, toxicity, and the utility of model-informed precision dosing in this population.

• Klíčová slova
• Critical illness, Decreased kidney function, External validation, Imipenem, Population pharmacokinetics, Simulation,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakokinetika   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnoty glomerulární filtrace MeSH
• imipenem * farmakokinetika   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kritický stav MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metoda Monte Carlo MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• pseudomonádové infekce * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Švýcarsko MeSH
• Vietnam MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• imipenem * MeSH

BACKGROUND: Red wine is a common target of fraudulent acts considering its high market value and popularity. Although there has been much effort to assess the geographical and varietal origin of wine, this is not the case for wine vintage. Vintage is a crucial parameter for the market price, especially in the case of reputable wines. Considering the season-to-season variations affecting wine quality and the ever-occurring unstable climatological conditions due to climate change, developing analytical strategies to accurately assess wine vintage is topical and of high interest. RESULTS: In this study, we successfully employed ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and mid-infrared spectroscopy to identify the vintage of a protected designation of origin red wine produced during four different vintages (n = 36). Class-based clustering and great discriminatory performance was achieved for the majority of the developed multivariate models and the impact of the applied spectral pre-processing was significant. Importantly, the tested scatter correction methods resulted in the best cross-validation parameters (goodness of fit, R2Y > 0.9 and goodness of prediction, Q2Y > 0.8) with calculated recognition and prediction abilities in the range 77-100% and 65-96%, respectively, when using partial least squares discriminant analysis. In addition, in the case of fluorescence spectroscopy, a batch effect was revealed, which was compensated by the spectral pre-processing methods. Spectral feature selection was performed in all cases to use only the analytically important spectral signals and omit model overfitting. CONCLUSIONS: The developed method is simple, cost-efficient and non-destructive, indicating its high potential for industrial applications as a rapid screening tool. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

• Klíčová slova
• absorption spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, chemometrics, spectral pre‐processing, wine authenticity,
• MeSH
• diskriminační analýza MeSH
• fluorescenční spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• spektrální analýza * metody   MeSH
• víno * analýza   MeSH
• Vitis * chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

HaloTag technology represents a versatile tool for studying proteins. Fluorescent HaloTag ligands employed in sequential labeling led to the discovery of distinct protein variants for histones, cohesins, and MCM complexes. However, an efficient biochemical approach to separate these distinct protein variants to study their biological functions is missing. Principally, being a gap in technology, the HaloTag toolbox lacks affinity ligands displaying good cell permeability and efficient affinity capture. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and validation of a new cell-permeable biotin-HaloTag ligand, which allows rapid labeling of Halo-tagged proteins in live cells and their efficient separation using streptavidin pull-down. We provide a proof-of-concept application of how to use the herein-developed affinity ligand in sequential labeling to biochemically separate protein variants and study their biological properties. This approach enables to address fundamental questions concerning essential cellular processes, including genome duplication and chromatin maintenance.

• MeSH
• biotin * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• histony metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• streptavidin metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biotin * MeSH
• histony MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• streptavidin MeSH

This study aimed to adapt the Burn-Specific Pain Anxiety Scale (BSPAS) for use in the Czech language and evaluate its validity and reliability. Conducted across three university hospitals in the Czech Republic-Prague, Brno, and Ostrava-from September 2022 to February 2024, the study involved 203 inpatients and outpatients from burn units who met inclusion criteria and consented to participate. The adaptation process included rigorous analysis of validity and reliability, employing language, content, and construct validity assessments. Language validity was ensured through back translation, whereas content validity was confirmed through expert evaluations. Exploratory factor analysis revealed at least a two-factor structure with satisfactory factor loading. Loading of factors to questions was consistent between BSPAS-9 and BSPAS-5. Confirmatory factor analysis further substantiated the model fit for both five- and nine-item versions (RMSEA 0.06 and 0.1 respectively). Internal consistency was assessed using item-total correlation, yielding acceptable results (range 0.63-0.82 for nine items and 0.71-0.82 for five items). Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.94 for the nine-item version and 0.91 for the five-item version. These findings indicate that the Czech version of the BSPAS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing pain-related anxiety in patients with burns. Additionally, we show that in our population, the information from the nine-item version is well captured by the five-item version and pain alone explains most of the variance in BSPAS scores.

• Klíčová slova
• Anxiety, Burn-Specific Pain Anxiety Scale, Dressing changes, Pain management, Patient with burn injuries,
• MeSH
• bolest * psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření bolesti MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• popálení * psychologie   komplikace   MeSH
• překlady MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychometrie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• úzkost * diagnóza   psychologie   etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) results from a severe reduction in intestinal absorptive capacity, rendering it insufficient to meet the body's nutritional requirements. Teduglutide represents a novel therapeutic approach for patients with SBS. This study aims to share our experiences and outcomes of Teduglutide treatment in children with SBS, focusing on the development of their anthropometric parameters.This study included all pediatric SBS patients in the Czech Republic receiving home parenteral nutrition (PN) who began Teduglutide treatment from May 2019 to June 2024.We analyzed the changes in volume and caloric content of PN and anthropometric parameters for each patient.All 10 patients showed a reduction in PN volume and caloric content during Teduglutide treatment with a mean value 67%+/- 29. There was also a notable decrease in the caloric content of PN, although this did not always correlate with the volume reduction, the mean value was 52.3%+/- 40.6. Despite the reduced reliance on PN, there was a mean improvement in weight and height among the patients. Gastrointestinal complications were the most common side effects observed.Our findings confirm the positive impact of Teduglutide on intestinal absorption in pediatric SBS patients. They also validate its safety and efficacy in this population. Despite the reduction in PN, improvements in weight were evident across the entire patient cohort.

Das Kurzdarmsyndrom (KDS) ist die Folge einer schwerwiegenden Reduktion der intestinalen Absorptionskapazität, die nicht ausreicht, um den Ernährungsbedarf des Körpers zu decken. Teduglutid stellt einen neuartigen Therapieansatz für Patienten mit KDS dar. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, unsere Erfahrungen und Ergebnisse der Teduglutid-Behandlung bei Kindern mit KDS zu teilen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Entwicklung ihrer anthropometrischen Parameter liegt.Diese Studie umfasste alle pädiatrischen KDS-Patienten in der Tschechischen Republik, die eine parenterale Ernährung (PE) erhielten und eine Teduglutid-Behandlung zwischen Mai 2019 und Juni 2024 begannen.Wir analysierten die Veränderungen des Volumens und des Kaloriengehalts der PE sowie der anthropometrischen Parameter für jeden Patienten.Alle 10 Patienten zeigten während der Teduglutid-Behandlung eine Reduktion des PE-Volumens und des Kaloriengehalts mit einem Mittelwert von 67%+/− 29. Es gab auch eine deutliche Abnahme des Kaloriengehalts der PE, obwohl dies nicht immer mit der Volumenreduktion korrelierte; der Mittelwert betrug 52,3%+/− 40,6. Trotz der reduzierten Abhängigkeit von PE zeigte sich bei den Patienten eine durchschnittliche Verbesserung von Gewicht und Größe. Die häufigsten beobachteten Nebenwirkungen waren gastrointestinale Komplikationen.Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen den positiven Einfluss von Teduglutid auf die intestinale Absorption bei pädiatrischen KDS-Patienten. Sie validieren auch dessen Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit in dieser Population. Trotz der Reduktion der PE waren Verbesserungen des Gewichts in der gesamten Patientenkohorte offensichtlich.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Questionnaires remain the most feasible method for large-scale physical activity (PA) surveillance. However, previous systematic reviews concluded that existing questionnaires had unsatisfactory psychometric properties. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to summarize and evaluate the measurement properties of self- and proxy-reported physical activity (PA) measures in children and adolescents published between 2018 and July 2024, thereby updating a previous review. This review also aimed to recommend the best available questionnaire(s) for young children (age < 6 years), children (age ≥ 6 to < 12 years), and adolescents (age ≥ 12 to < 18 years). METHODS: The COnsensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Guidelines for Systematic Reviews of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures were followed for conducting and reporting this systematic review. PubMed, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for papers published between 2018 and July 2024. The peer-reviewed papers were included if published in Arabic, Chinese, Czech, English, French, Hindi, Nepali, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish or Thai and assessed at least one of the measurement properties of self- or proxy-reported PA measures in young children, children, and adolescents. Papers were excluded if they measured PA with interview or diary or reported construct validity against non-PA measures (e.g., body mass index). The results of studies from the previous systematic review that reported test-retest reliability and construct validity of the questionnaires included in this systematic review were added to the pooled qualitative analyses and meta-analyses. RESULTS: A total of 106 papers were included which reported 177 studies related to content validity (n = 31), construct validity including hypotheses testing (n = 80), test-retest reliability (n = 65), and responsiveness (n = 1) of 71 questionnaires. None of the included questionnaires met the COSMIN criteria for sufficient content validity. Questionnaires with satisfactory construct validity (correlation r ≥ 0.4) were found in young children (n = 2; e.g., the Outdoor Playtime Recall), children (n = 2; e.g., Self-rating Scale of Physical Activity Intensity for Preschool Children), and adolescents (n = 8; e.g., the Spanish version of Physical Activity Unit 7 Item Screener, the Czech version of Youth Activity Profile). Questionnaires with sufficient test-retest reliability (≥ 0.7) were found in young children (n = 2; e.g., the Movement Behaviour Questionnaire for Baby and Children), children (n = 3; e.g., Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors in the Feel4Diabetes Study), and adolescents (n = 5; e.g., the 24-Hour Movement Behavior Questionnaire). The Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children and Adolescents had sufficient test-retest reliability based on pooled qualitative analysis and meta-analyses. The best available questionnaires were the Outdoor Playtime Recall (for young children) and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and Adolescents for children and adolescents. CONCLUSION: This systematic review update did not identify a PA questionnaire that met COSMIN standards for both construct validity and test-retest reliability, partly due to the low methodological quality of the studies. Researchers should improve the methodological rigor of future psychometric studies, particularly for content validity, by adopting standardized guidelines (e.g., COSMIN). We also recommend: (1) using comparator tools that have demonstrated reliable measurement properties in populations similar to the target group; (2) formulating hypotheses in advance to confirm construct validity; (3) selecting appropriate intervals between test and retest and ensuring consistent test conditions; and (4) providing evidence of PA stability between test and retest. Lastly, when developing questionnaires to measure total PA, researchers should include all relevant domains of PA and assess their relevance during the content validation process.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

The article studies the issues involved in refining aluminium alloys when introducing small gas bubbles. A good level of dispersion throughout the entire volume of the degassing unit is achieved by using appropriate rotor geometry and selecting optimal process parameters. This study uses physical modelling employing a water model of a foundry degassing unit. Three pump-type rotors of different designs were tested. Variants A and C with a circular cross-section and cylindrical shape differ in the design and arrangement of the gas flow control blades, while variant B with the shape of a truncated cone is a kind of monolith with control blades placed in the lower part of the rotor. These rotors with were studied, with gas flows ranging from 13 to 21 l/min and rotor speeds ranging from 275 to 425 rpm. Tests included visualisation of the gas injection process and measurement of oxygen removal from water as an analogy of hydrogen removal from liquid metal. Then a mathematical model for the quantitative interpretation of research results was developed, in which the dimensionless parameter of degassing efficiency a was determined, which allows for a simple comparison of its value for all rotors, both new and used. The highest values of parameter a are observed for rotor C, only slightly worse values occur for rotor A, and the most significant differences are visible for rotor B. The research results were validated under industrial conditions - the Dichte Index was calculated for all rotors for selected process parameters and illustrated with porosity samples.

• Klíčová slova
• Aluminium refining, Industry test, Mathematical model, Physical modelling, Rotor wear,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Differential gene expression can help identify genes involved in carcinogenesis or serve as biomarkers. METHODS: This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the gene expression focusing on apoptosis-related genes, in invasive breast carcinoma of no specific type compared with benign tissue. The gene expression of nine candidate genes identified as potential targets of certain microRNAs suggested as biomarkers and known for their role in apoptosis, and two additional apoptosis-related genes identified in the screening was evaluated using qPCR together with external datasets. RESULTS: Screening of 92 apoptosis-related genes identified several dysregulated genes including downregulated BCL2L2 and upregulated BIRC5 genes, which were further confirmed as tumor suppressor and as an oncogene, respectively. Among the miRNA-related genes, HMGA2 and RAB22A were overexpressed, while ATF2, PPM1L, VPS4A, ZEB1, and ZFP36L1 were underexpressed. The BIRC5/BCL2L2 gene signature provided AUC of 0.975, sensitivity of 93.10% and specificity of 96.43%. Increased BIRC5 expression was associated with higher tumor grades and Ki-67-positive samples while decreased levels of BCL2L2 were associated with Ki-67-positive samples. Luminal A and B samples were distinguished by the differential expression of these two genes. The high expression of HMGA2 and BIRC5 genes was observed as a negative prognostic factor for both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with a favorable OS difference of ~ 1 year for HMGA2 and 1.2 years for BIRC5 in the case of their low expression. External validation identified ZEB1 as a positive and BIRC5 as a negative prognostic factor for both overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: The results highlighted genes with possible roles in apoptosis and acting in breast carcinogenesis. In particular, BIRC5 was shown as important oncogene and ZEB1 as a tumor suppressor in invasive breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the potential of the investigated genes as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, with possible implications for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• BCL2L2, BIRC5, Breast cancer, HMGA2, RAB22A, ZEB1, ZFP36L1, gene expression,
• MeSH
• apoptóza * genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA * genetika   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádory prsu * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u nádorů genetika   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese metody   MeSH
• survivin genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• BIRC5 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• mikro RNA * MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• survivin MeSH

BACKGROUND: Birth satisfaction is shaped by social context, yet its assessment faces methodological challenges, particularly in marginalized populations. This study examines birth satisfaction among incarcerated and non-incarcerated women, considering both experiential disparities and potential measurement biases. METHODS: A nested retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 55 incarcerated women who had given birth prior to incarceration and 79 women from the general population in the Czech Republic. Birth satisfaction was assessed using the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised. All participants completed a standardized pencil-and-paper survey. Responses between incarcerated and non-incarcerated participants were compared, and pencil-and-paper responses of non-incarcerated participants were compared with survey-only administration to validate the survey method. RESULTS: Incarcerated women reported significantly higher birth satisfaction scores than those in the general population. In the prison population, higher birth satisfaction correlated positively with self-esteem and negatively with PTSD symptoms. Comparison of pen-and-paper and online survey administration in the general population revealed no significant differences, supporting confidence in the equivalence of paper and pencil data capture method in the incarcerated population. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of context in birth satisfaction assessments, as incarcerated women's experiences may be shaped by institutional constraints and psychological dynamics. Ensuring methodological consistency is essential for valid cross-population comparisons and the accurate interpretation of birth satisfaction data.

• Klíčová slova
• Birth satisfaction, Incarceration, PTSD, Perinatal care, Self-esteem, Survey methodology,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• osobní uspokojení * MeSH
• porod * psychologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky normy   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vězni * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH