Power management for embedded devices in Fifth Generation (5G) networks is mandatory for synchronizing the communication between the devices. In such cases, the need for integration power optimization is recommended aiding lossless and high-speed communications. To suppress the issues in embedded hardware-based power failures during transmissions, this article proposes a Compressive Transmission Scheme (CTS) through Power Regulation (PR). The proposed scheme identifies multiple transmission possibilities under low power and high throughput constraints of 5G in a single interval. The device integrations are decided by the available devices under power-efficient transmission slots. Such allocation slots are defined for integrated transmission using neural-diffracted networks. The learning network defines the objectives for transmission between embedded hardware and the 5G device under low power. This is pursued until the transmission is completed; the adverse energy drain impact is handled by offloading the slots to the active hardware available. This balances the power management to prevent communication loss satisfying the 5G constraints. For the maximum slots/device, the proposed scheme achieves 11.46% high slot allocation, 12.47% low latency, and 9.99% less power consumption.

• Klíčová slova
• 5G, Compressed transmission, Embedded devices, Neural network, Power management,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Multiple sensors are embedded in wearable devices [...].

• MeSH
• nositelná elektronika * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

The article describes the use of embedded systems in the Industrial Internet of Things and its benefits for industrial robots. For this purpose, the article presents a case study, which deals with an embedded system using an advanced microcontroller designed to be placed directly on the robot. The proposed system is being used to collect information about industrial robot parameters that impact its behavior and its long-term condition. The device measures the robot's surroundings parameters and its vibrations while working. Besides that, it also has an enormous potential to collect other parameters such as air pollution or humidity. The collected data are stored on the cloud platform and processed and analysed. The embedded system proposed in this article is conceived to be small and mobile, as it is a wireless system that can be easily applied to any industrial robot.

• Klíčová slova
• ESP32, Internet of Robotic Things, Internet of Things, MQTT, Nicla, Thingworx, embedded systems, microcontroller, smart sensors,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In this paper, the design and research of a sensor-based personal air-quality monitoring device are presented, which is retrofitted into different personal protective face masks. Due to its small size and low power consumption, the device can be integrated into and applied in practical urban usage. We present our research and the development of the sensor node based on a BME680-type environmental sensor cluster with a wireless IoT (Internet of Things)-capable central unit and overall low power consumption. The integration of the sensor node was investigated with traditional medical masks and a professional FFP2-type mask. The filtering efficiency after embedding was validated with a head model and a particle counter. We found that the professional mask withstood the embedding without losing the protective filtering aspect. We compared the inner and outer sensor data and investigated the temperature, pressure, humidity, and AQI (Air Quality Index) relations with possible sensor data-fusion options. The novelty is increased with the dual-sensor layout (inward and outward). It was found that efficient respiration monitoring is achievable with the device. With the analysis of the recorded data, characteristic signals were identified in an urban environment, enabling urban altimetry and urban zone detection. The results promote smart city concepts and help in endeavors related to SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) 3 and 11.

• Klíčová slova
• IoT, air quality, embedded electronics, face mask, sensors, wearable,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

MicroRNAs are considered as promising prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of human cancer since their profiles differ between tumor types. Most of the tumor profiling studies were performed on rarely available fresh frozen (FF) samples. Alternatively, archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples are also well applicable to larger-scale retrospective miRNA profiling studies. The aim of this study was to perform systematic comparison of the miRNA expression profiles between FF and macrodissected FFPE tonsillar tumors using the TaqMan Low Density Array system, with the data processed by different software programs and two types of normalization methods. We observed a marked correlation between the miRNA expression profiles of paired FF and FFPE samples; however, only 27-38% of the differentially deregulated miRNAs overlapped between the two source systems. The comparison of the results with regard to the distinct modes of data normalization revealed an overlap in 58-67% of differentially expressed miRNAs, with no influence of the choice of software platform. Our study highlights the fact that for an accurate comparison of the miRNA expression profiles from published studies, it is important to use the same type of clinical material and to test and select the best-performing normalization method for data analysis.

• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• fixace tkání MeSH
• fixativa MeSH
• formaldehyd MeSH
• krční mandle metabolismus   MeSH
• kryoprezervace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• mikročipová analýza MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
• software MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• tonzilární nádory metabolismus   MeSH
• zalévání tkání do parafínu * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fixativa MeSH
• formaldehyd MeSH
• mikro RNA MeSH

Brain stimulation has emerged as an effective treatment for a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and essential tremor have FDA indications for electrical brain stimulation using intracranially implanted electrodes. Interfacing implantable brain devices with local and cloud computing resources have the potential to improve electrical stimulation efficacy, disease tracking, and management. Epilepsy, in particular, is a neurological disease that might benefit from the integration of brain implants with off-the-body computing for tracking disease and therapy. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated seizure forecasting, seizure detection, and therapeutic electrical stimulation in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. In this paper, we describe a next-generation epilepsy management system that integrates local handheld and cloud-computing resources wirelessly coupled to an implanted device with embedded payloads (sensors, intracranial EEG telemetry, electrical stimulation, classifiers, and control policy implementation). The handheld device and cloud computing resources can provide a seamless interface between patients and physicians, and realtime intracranial EEG can be used to classify brain state (wake/sleep, preseizure, and seizure), implement control policies for electrical stimulation, and track patient health. This system creates a flexible platform in which low demand analytics requiring fast response times are embedded in the implanted device and more complex algorithms are implemented in offthebody local and distributed cloud computing environments. The system enables tracking and management of epileptic neural networks operating over time scales ranging from milliseconds to months.

• Klíčová slova
• Epilepsy, deep brain stimulation, distributed computing, implantable devices, seizure detection, seizure prediction,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Low voltage electron microscopes working in transmission mode, like LVEM5 (Delong Instruments, Czech Republic) working at accelerating voltage 5 kV or scanning electron microscope working in transmission mode with accelerating voltage below 1 kV, require ultrathin sections with the thickness below 20 nm. Decreasing of the primary electron energy leads to enhancement of image contrast, which is especially useful in the case of biological samples composed of elements with low atomic numbers. As a result treatments with heavy metals, like post-fixation with osmium tetroxide or ultrathin section staining, can by omitted. The disadvantage is reduced penetration ability of incident electrons influencing the usable thickness of the specimen resulting in the need of ultrathin sections of under 20 nm thickness. In this study we want to answer basic questions concerning the cutting of extremely ultrathin sections: Is it possible routinely and reproducibly to cut extremely thin sections of biological specimens embedded in commonly used resins with contemporary ultramicrotome techniques and under what conditions? Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:512-517, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

• Klíčová slova
• low voltage electron microscopy, resin embedding, ultramicrotomy, ultrathin sectioning,
• MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• epoxidové pryskyřice chemie   MeSH
• mikrotomie metody   MeSH
• myokard ultrastruktura   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• polymery chemie   MeSH
• srdce diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• zalévání tkání plastickou hmotou metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• epoxidové pryskyřice MeSH
• Polybed 812 MeSH Prohlížeč
• polymery MeSH
• spurr resin MeSH Prohlížeč

The unprecedented growth of today's cities together with increased population mobility are fueling the avalanche in the numbers of vehicles on the roads. This development led to the new challenges for the traffic management, including the mitigation of road congestion, accidents, and air pollution. Over the last decade, researchers have been focusing their efforts on leveraging the recent advances in sensing, communications, and dynamic adaptive technologies to prepare the deployed road traffic management systems (TMS) for resolving these important challenges in future smart cities. However, the existing solutions may still be insufficient to construct a reliable and secure TMS that is capable of handling the anticipated influx of the population and vehicles in urban areas. Along these lines, this work systematically outlines a perspective on a novel modular environment for traffic modeling, which allows to recreate the examined road networks in their full resemblance. Our developed solution is targeted to incorporate the progress in the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, where low-power, embedded devices integrate as part of a next-generation TMS. To mimic the real traffic conditions, we recreated and evaluated a practical traffic scenario built after a complex road intersection within a large European city.

• Klíčová slova
• Internet of Things, embedded devices, genetic algorithm, optimization, smart city,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Carbon nanomaterials are at the forefront of the newest technologies of the third millennium, and together with conductive polymers, represent a vast area of indispensable knowledge for developing the devices of tomorrow. This review focusses on the most recent advances in the field of conductive nanotechnology, which combines the properties of carbon nanomaterials with conjugated polymers. Hybrid materials resulting from the embedding of carbon nanotubes, carbon dots and graphene derivatives are taken into consideration and fully explored, with discussion of the most recent literature. An introduction into the three most widely used conductive polymers and a final section about the most recent biological results obtained using carbon nanotube hybrids will complete this overview of these innovative and beyond belief materials.

• Klíčová slova
• carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, conjugated polymers, graphene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polypyrrole, polyaniline,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The most widespread method for the synthesis of 2D-2D heterostructures is the direct growth of one material on top of the other. Alternatively, flakes of different materials can be manually stacked on top of each other. Both methods typically involve stacking 2D layers through van der Waals forces-such that these materials are often referred to as van der Waals heterostructures-and are stacked one crystal or one device at a time. Here we describe the covalent grafting of 2H-MoS2 flakes onto graphene monolayers embedded in field-effect transistors. A bifunctional molecule featuring a maleimide and a diazonium functional group was used, known to connect to sulfide- and carbon-based materials, respectively. MoS2 flakes were exfoliated, functionalized by reaction with the maleimide moieties and then anchored to graphene by the diazonium groups. This approach enabled the simultaneous functionalization of several devices. The electronic properties of the resulting heterostructure are shown to be dominated by the MoS2-graphene interface.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH